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Breast Cancer
A Summary of Breast Cancer, Risk Factors,
and the Cancer Registry and Trends inSingapore
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What is Breast Cancer?
A malignant tumour that starts in cells of the
breast and is a group of cancer cells that can
grow into (invade) surrounding tissues or spread
(metastasize) to distant areas of the body.
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Structure of the Breast
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Carcinomas in situ
Ductal carcinoma in situ
Lobular carcinoma is situ
Not used in calculation of incidence data
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Invasive Carcinomas
Most common are Infiltrating Ductal and Lobular Carcinoma.
Histology No. %
Duct Carcinoma 5318 79.0
Lobular Carcinoma 263 3.9
Total with histology 6734 100.0
Taken from Trends in Cancer Incidence in Singapore 1968-2007
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Other Invasive Breast Cancers Less common are Inflammatory breast
cancer, Pagets disease and Phyllodes
Tumour.
Special types (sub-types) are often named
after features observed under the microscope
e.g. Adenocystic, Medullary, Mucinous or
Metaplastic, Micropapillary, Mixed
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Risk Factors for Breast Cancer
Factors that you cannot change
Gender
Aging
Genetics
Family history
Race and ethnicity
Certain benign breast conditions
Earlier menarche and later menopause
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Risk Factors for Breast Cancer
Lifestyle-related factors
Age at first birth and number of children
Oral contraceptives Hormone therapy after menopause
Breastfeeding
Alcohol, being overweight, exercise
Other, debated factors, include diet, antiperspirant use, breast
implants, night work and bras.
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Cancer Registry in Singapore
Established in 1968
Completeness of reporting was 96% in the
1970s and is now almost 100%.
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Breast Cancer in Singapore
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Incidence rates in Singapore
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