Body Wall and Cavity
• Abdominal Surface and underyling bones• Muscular Wall and Hernias• Peritoneum and Mesenteries•Thorax Surface•Ribs and Intercostal Muscles•Breast
Iliac crest
Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
Pubic crest
Inguinal ligament
Costal margin
Xiphoid process
Bony Landmarks around Abdomen
Abdominal Wall from surface
Rectus abdominus
Linea alba
Iliac crest
Muscles of abdominal wall
Rectus abdominus--vertical midlineThree layers form tube External oblique
(“hands-in-pocket”) Internal oblique (fibers
perpendicular to external)
Transverse abdominus (wraps around)
Muscles of abdominal wall--details
Please see Fig. 11.11, M&M for accurate labeling.
Abdominal muscular wall pressurizes abdomen
When? Cough Sneeze Urinate Defecate Birth Lifting
For article on abdominal muscles, role of different layers and use of lifting belts:http://www.paulchekseminars.com/articles.cfm?select=16#top
Inguinal hernia results because pressure finds weak spot at inguinal canal
Mesenteries, peritoneum--what is retroperitoneal?(back to basic body plan)
[board drawing]
Peritoneal vs Retroperitoneal
Laproscopic kidney donation with retroperitoneal access
THORAX SURFACE ANATOMY
• Student who cheated in anatomy lab: counted own ribs
• Males and Females have same number of ribs (no, Eve wasn’t formed from one of Adam’s)
BONES
STERNUM manubrium xiphoid process
RIBS
INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES
Function in posture, respiration
“COSTAL” = ribs“intercostal” = between the ribs
The Breast
Location Superior border: 2nd rib Inferior border: 6th rib Medial border: Sternum Lateral border: Midaxillary line
Underlying muscle Pectoralis major and minor Part of serratus anterior, external
obliques
Mammary Glands (within breast)
Mammary Glands (within breast)
Lactiferous (modified sweat) Glands
Breast made of 15-25 lobes (each a compound alveolar gland)
Lobes made of lobules called acini, alveoli
Acini/Alveoli lined w/milk-secreting simple epithelial cells
Lactiferous Ducts of lobes open at nipple
Areola-ring of pigmented skin around nipple Sebaceous gland produce sebum during nursing
Lobes separated by adipose tissue and suspended by connective tissue = Suspensory Ligaments of the Breasts
Mammary Glands
Lactiferous (modified sweat) Glands
Breast made of 15-25 lobes (each a compound alveolar gland)
Lobes made of lobules called acini, alveoli
Acini/Alveoli lined w/milk-secreting simple epithelial cells
Lactiferous Ducts of lobes open at nipple
Areola-ring of pigmented skin around nipple Sebaceous gland produce sebum during nursing
Lobes separated by adipose tissue and suspended by connective tissue = Suspensory Ligaments of the Breasts