Transcript
Page 1: Bmw lean manufacturing  (pratik negi)

INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT

AHMEDABAD

SUBMISSION ON

LEAN + Flexible

&

JIT Method

In

MANUFACTURING

IN

Submitted To:

Professor A.B Raju

Submitted By:

Pratik K S Negi

SS/09-11/ISBE/HR

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Manufacturing in BMW (Usage of Lean and JIT production)

BMW Bayerische Motoren Werke AG (BMW), (literally English: Bavarian Motor Works) is a German automobile, motorcycle and engine manufacturing company founded in 1916. It also owns and produces the MINI brand, and is the parent company of Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. BMW produces motorcycles under BMW Motorrad and Husqvarna brands. BMW is known for its performance and luxury vehicles Company history

After World War I, BMW was forced to cease aircraft (engine) production by the terms of the Treaty. The company consequently shifted to motorcycle production in 1923 once the restrictions of the treaty started to be lifted, followed by automobiles in 1928–29 The circular blue and white BMW logo or roundel is portrayed by BMW as the movement of an aircraft propeller, to signify the white blades cutting through the blue sky – an interpretation that BMW adopted for convenience in 1929, twelve years after the roundel was created, combined with the white and blue colors of the flag of Bavaria, reversed to produce the BMW roundel. However, the origin of the logo being based on the movement of a propeller is in dispute, according to an article recently posted by the New York times, quoting "At the BMW Museum in Munich, Anne Schmidt-Possiwal, explained that the blue-and-white company logo did not represent a spinning propeller, but was meant to show the colors of the Free State of Bavaria." BMW's first significant aircraft engine was the BMW IIIa inline-six liquid-cooled engine of 1918, much preferred for its high-altitude performance. With

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German rearmament in the 1930s, the company again began producing aircraft engines for the Luftwaffe. Among its successful World War II engine designs were the BMW 132 and BMW 801 air-cooled radial engines, and the pioneering BMW 003 flow turbojet, which powered the tiny, 1944-1945-era jet-powered "emergency fighter", BMW 003 jet engine was tested in the A-1b version of the world's first jet fighter, the Messerschmitt Me 262, but BMW engines failed on takeoff, a major setback for the jet fighter program until successful testing with Junkers engines. By 1959 the automotive division of BMW was in financial difficulties and a shareholders meeting was held to decide whether to go into liquidation or find a way of carrying on. It was decided to carry on and to try to cash in on the current economy car boom enjoyed so successfully by some of Germany's ex-aircraft manufacturers such as Messerschmitt and Heinkel. The rights to manufacture the Italian Iso Isetta were bought, the tiny cars themselves were to be powered by a modified form of BMW's own motorcycle engine. This was moderately successful and helped the company get back on its feet. The controlling majority shareholder of the BMW Aktiengesellschaft since 1959 is the Quandt family, which owns about 46% of the stock. The rest is in public float. BMW bought the British Rover Group (which at the time consisted of the Rover, Land Rover and MG brands as well as the rights to defunct brands including Austin and Morris), and owned it for six years. By 2000, Rover was making huge losses and BMW decided to sell the combine. The MG and Rover brands were sold to the Phoenix Consortium to form MG Rover, while Land Rover was taken over by Ford. BMW, meanwhile, retained the rights to build the new MINI, which was launched in 2001.

TQM Operation Approaches in BMW.

Premium means exceptional for the customer. This added value becomes tangible through the superior product substance and superior quality of the BMW Group's emotionally appealing automobiles and motorcycles. BMW production is committed to fulfilling premium demands related to product quality and to meeting deadlines. Some 70,000 employees in 23 locations ensure that every customer receives his or her tailor-made vehicle on time – throughout the world. We do this with our "Customer-oriented Sales and Production Process", or COSP for short. The principle behind COSP is that the car ordered by the customer defines the production process – not the car planned by the company. In this way, the customer can make last-minute changes to the equipment and accessories they‘ve ordered shortly before the vehicle goes to assembly – without delaying the date of delivery.

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Exceptional people

The performance capability of the BMW Group's production network depends on the special commitment, identification, and know-how of its employees. In addition to future-oriented technologies and the most modern equipment, our employees are the central element in the manufacture of premium products. Systematic linking of internal and external partners as well as targeted knowledge transfer ensures both today and in the future that the customer will obtain his dream automobile by the agreed-upon delivery date and in the high quality expected of all "made by BMW Group" vehicles. Flexible working hours

The over 70,000 employees of the worldwide production network are united in their common enthusiasm for all of the concern's vehicles, their quest to achieve highest quality results in all working processes, and their will to make a significant contribution to the BMW Group's success now and in the future. Innovative forms of work are important factors for stimulating performance, creativity, and gratification in the workplace. The BMW Group uses over 300 successful work-schedule models. These enable the corporation to utilize its plants flexibly and react to customer as well as market demands – and at the same time, to respond to the needs of its employees. Eco Friendly

To improve efficient use of resources (material, energy, water) by products as well as during production, a precise balance between ecological and economical issues must be sought after. In addition to the BMW Group's recycling strategy with its core elements RDZ (German: Recycling und Demontagezentrum; English: Recycling and Disassembly Center), Design-for-Recycling, and Material Labeling, the BMW Group focuses primarily on the most efficient possible use of resources in intelligent systems.

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Example: Water.

Water is the basis of all life. In production – where almost one-third of all waste water

accumulates – we have succeeded in promoting exceptionally frugal use of water. This has been made possible by

closed cooling cycles, closed-circulation water usage and waste water treatment equipment, and the use of future-oriented technologies such as powdered clear varnish as well. Example: Energy. To save energy, production uses sophisticated central routing technology, for example. This enables energy-using components to be turned on and off precisely when needed. In addition, the use of heat reclamation equipment, use of industrial waste heat, and cold generation in absorption equipment supports the development of circulation systems. This makes it possible to exploit primary energy to a high degree, ensuring an energy supply which is also environmentally friendly. Example: Waste material – avoidance, then utilization.

The BMW Group places great value on designing products which are optimised for recycling as well as separating and utilizing waste materials which accrue during production. Care is taken, for example, only to transfer waste materials to recovery and cleanup partners who have passed the BMW Group's recovery audit. Our uppermost goal, however, is to not accrue waste materials in the first place. Each location has responsible employees who use a waste material information system to optimise processes and procedures. This system enables a precise overview of the flow of waste materials. This enables the continual development of further strategies for waste reduction and avoidance

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Customer Centric approach

The goal of BMW Group Production is to deliver the customer's custom-tailored premium automobile or motorcycle by the agreed-upon deadline in our customary high quality. This claim requires us to continually develop our processes and structures further, and thus, to adapt regularly to new situations. As a learning organization, the BMW Group must recognize changing demands at an early stage and orient itself rapidly and flexibly to new conditions. One example of this is our "Customer-oriented sales and production process", or KOVP as it is abbreviated in German. Quality Management

The tradition of quality at the BMW Group permeates all work processes of the worldwide production network. A comprehensive, multi-level quality management system ensures quality in all work processes as well as components and materials, and ultimately - products. But above all, the BMW Group orients its quality management system to the needs of its customers. One foundation of "Made by BMW Group" is our employees. "Customer-oriented thought and action" - abbreviated in German as "KDH" - is part of corporation philosophy and anchors our goal of achieving perfect results in all manufacturing areas. Our employees' attitude to quality from the very beginning, continuing along the entire process chain, prevents mistakes and ensures continual improvement. "Made by BMW Group" seal of approval. In addition to successful, regularly recurring certification of the quality management system of all production plants according to DIN EN ISO 9000 ff., external studies in the automobile industry attest to the first-class quality level of the BMW Group's manufacturing plants. The renowned US American market research institute J.D. Power & Associates has confirmed the first-class standards of the BMW Group Production numerous times. Examples include the Golden Plant Award received by the Rosslyn plant in 2002, the prize for the best automobile plant in Europe received by the Munich plant in 2001, the five prizes received by the BMW plant in Dingolfing, and the silver and bronze awards with which the Regensburg plant was decorated Quantum leap in flexibility and throughput time

KOVP gives customers new dimensions of service: simple, online ordering processes at the dealer's, immediate, binding order confirmation and delivery date, flexibility when changes are desired, information on order status, and on-time delivery.

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One of KOVP's most remarkable features is its high flexibility for customers. Requests for chassis changes (including motor, colour, and equipment) can be handled up until circa one week before assembly - without affecting the agreed-upon delivery date. Today, up to 120,000 BMW change requests are realized per month

Production

In 2006, BMW produced 1,366,838 four-wheeled vehicles, which were manufactured in

five countries. In 2009, it manufactured 1,258,417 four-wheeled vehicles. In 2009, BMW

Motorrad produced 82,631 motorcycles.

Country Make Cars (2006) Cars (2008) Models

Germany BMW 905,057 901,898 Others

United Kingdom Mini 187,454 235,019 All Minis

Austria BMW 114,306 82,863 BMW X3

USA BMW 105,172 170,741 BMW X5, X6

South Africa BMW 54,782 47,980 BMW 3-Series

Total

1,366,838

1,439,918

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Automobiles

The New Class was a line of compact sedans and coupes starting with the 1962 1500 and continuing through the last 2002s in 1977. Powered by BMW's celebrated four-cylinder M10 engine, the New Class models featured a fully independent suspension, Mac Pherson struts in front, and front disc brakes. Initially a family of four-door sedans and two-door coupes, the New Class line was broadened to two-door sports sedans with the addition of the 02 Series 1600 and 2002 in 1966. Sharing little in common with the rest of the line beyond power train, the sporty siblings caught auto enthusiasts' attention and established BMW as an international brand. Precursors to the famed BMW 3 Series, the two-door' success cemented the firm's future as an upper tier performance car maker. New Class four-doors with numbers ending in "0" were replaced by the larger BMW 5 Series in 1972. The upscale 2000C and 2000CS coupes were replaced by the six-cylinder BMW E9, introduced in 1969.

Current models The 1 Series, launched in 2004, is BMW's smallest car, and available in coupe/convertible (E82/E88) and hatchback (E81/E87) forms. The 3 Series, a compact executive car manufactured since model year 1975, is currently in its fifth generation (E90); models include the sport sedan (E90), station wagon (E91), coupe (E92), and convertible (E93). The 5 Series is a mid-size executive car, available in sedan (E60) and station wagon (E61) forms. The 5 Series Gran Turismo (F07), beginning in 2010, will create a segment between station wagons and crossover SUV.

BMW 7-Series (F01)

BMW's full-size flagship executive sedan is the 7 Series. Typically, BMW introduces many of their innovations first in the 7 Series, such as the somewhat controversial drive system. The 7 Series Hydrogen, featuring one of the world's first hydrogen fueled internal combustion engines, is fueled by liquid hydrogen and emits only clean water vapor. The latest generation (F01) debuted in 2009. Based on the 5 Series' platform, the 6 Series is BMW's grand touring luxury sport coupe/convertible (E63/E64). A 2-seater roadster and coupe which succeeded the Z3, the Z4 (E85) has been sold since 2002.

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BMW X3 SUV (E83)

The X3 (E83), BMW's first crossover SUV (called SAV or "Sports Activity Vehicle" by BMW) debuted in 2003 and is based on the E46/16 3 Series platform. Marketed in Europe as an off-roader, it benefits from BMW's drive all-wheel drive system. The all-wheel drive X5 (E70) is a mid-size luxury SUV (SAV) sold by BMW since 2000. A 4-seat crossover SUV released by BMW in December 2007, the X6 is marketed as a "Sports Activity Coupe" (SAC) by BMW. The upcoming X1 extends the BMW Sports Activity Series model lineup.

1 Series (E81) (2004–present) Hatchback, coupe and convertible

3 Series (E90) (2005–present) Sedan, coupe, convertiblen and wagon

5 Series (F10) (2010–present) Sedan and Wagon

5 Series Gran Turismo (2009–present) Progressive Activity Sedan

6 Series (E63) (2003–present) Coupe and convertible

7 Series (F01) (2008–present) Sedan

X1 (2009–present) Compact Crossover SUV/Sports Activity Vehicle (SAV)

X3 (E83) (2003-present) Compact Crossover SUV/Sports Activity Vehicle (SAV)

X5 (E70) (2006–present) Compact Crossover SUV/Sports Activity Vehicle (SAV)

BMW M models

Based on the 3 Series, the M3 defined an entirely new market for BMW: a race-ready production vehicle. Since its debut, the M3 is heralded in enthusiast circles, in large part due to its unique geometry and award winning engines. The newest V8-powered platform became available the Autumn of 2007 in Europe, and second quarter of 2008 for the U.S. in coupe (E92), and later the cabriolet (E93), and sedan (E90) variants. Based on the 5 Series, the M5 is the M division's V10-powered version of the E60 5 Series. The M6 is the M division's version of the 6 Series, and shares its drivetrain with the M5. The Z4 M, or M Coupe/M Roadster, is the M division's version of the Z4. The X5M is the M division's version of the X5, and the X6M is the M division's version of the X6. Both the X5M and X6M share the same V8 twin scroll twin turbo.

M3 Sedan, Coupe, Convertible and Wagon

M5 Sedan and Wagon

M6 Coupe and Convertible

X5 M SAV

X6 M SAV

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Motorcycle

Isle of Man TT – in 1939 BMW became the first foreign manufacturer to win the Isle of Mann TT race with Georg Meier Dakar Rally – BMW motorcycles have won the Dakar rally six times. In 1981, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1999, and 2000.

Superbike World Championship – BMW returned to premier road racing in 2009 with their all new superbike, the BMW S1000RR.

Formula One

BMW has a history of success in Formula One. BMW powered cars have won 20 races. In 2006 BMW took over the Sauber team and became Formula One constructors. In 2007 and 2008 the team enjoyed some success. The most recent win is a lone constructor team's victory by BMW Sauber F1 Team, on 8 June 2008, at the Canadian Grand Prix with Robert Kubica driving. Achievements include: Driver championship: 1 (1983) Constructor championship: 0 (Runner-up 2002, 2003, 2007) Grand Prix wins: 20 Podium finishes: 76 Pole positions: 33 Fastest laps: 33

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BMW was an engine supplier to Williams, Benetton, Brabham, and Arrows. Notable drivers who have started their Formula One careers with BMW include Jenson Button, Juan Pablo Montoya, and Sebastian Vettel. In July 2009, BMW announced that it would withdraw from Formula One at the end of the 2009 season. The team was sold back to the previous owner, Peter Sauber, who still at the beginning of the 2010 season has yet to drop the BMW part of the name of the team

Environmental Record

The company is a charter member of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) National Environmental Achievement Track, which recognizes companies for their environmental stewardship and performance. It is also a member of the South Carolina Environmental Excellence Program and is on the Dow Jones Sustainability Group Index, which rates environmentally friendly companies.[23] BMW has taken measures to reduce the impact the company has on the environment. It is trying to design less-polluting cars by making existing models more efficient, as well as developing environmentally friendly fuels for future vehicles. Possibilities include: electric power, hybrid power (combustion, engines and electric motors) hydrogen engines. BMW offers 49 models with EU5/6 emissions norm and nearly 20 models with CO2 output less than 140 g/km, which puts it on the lowest tax group and therefore could provide the future owner with eco-bonus offered from some European countries. However, there have been some criticisms directed at BMW, and in particular, accusations of green wash in reference to their BMW Hydrogen 7. Some critics claim that the emissions produced during hydrogen fuel production outweigh the reduction of tailpipe emissions, and that the Hydrogen 7 is a distraction from more immediate, practical solutions for car pollution Overseas Subsidiaries

South Africa -- BMWs have been assembled in South Africa since 1968

United States -- BMW Manufacturing Co has been manufacturing the X5 and, more

recently, the X6 in Greer near Spartanburg, South Carolina, USA.[58] The smaller X3 is slated to begin production in Spartanburg in 2009–20

China-- Signing a deal in 2003 for the production of sedans in China.

Canada -- In October 2008, BMW Group Canada was named one of Greater Toronto's

Top Employers by Media corp. Canada.

Austria --- The BMW X3 is also made by Magna Steyr, a subsidiary of a Canadian

company, in Graz, Austria under license from BMW

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Egypt -- Bavarian Auto Group is a multinational group of companies established in

March 2003 when it was appointed as the sole importer of BMW and MINI in Egypt, with exclusive rights for import, assembly, distribution, sales and after-sales support of BMW products in Egypt.

India-- BMW India was established in 2006 as a sales subsidiary in Gurgaon (National Capital Region). A state-of-the-art assembly plant for BMW 3 and 5 Series started operation in early 2007 in Chennai. Construction of the plant started in January 2006 with an initial investment of more than one billion Indian Rupees. The plant started operation in the first quarter of 2007 and produces the different variants of BMW 3 Series and BMW 5 Series

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WHAT IS LEAN PRODUCTION SYSTEM Lean manufacturing or lean production, which is often known simply as "Lean", is a production practice that considers the expenditure of resources for any goal other than the creation of value for the end customer to be wasteful, and thus a target for elimination. Working from the perspective of the customer who consumes a product or service, "value" is defined as any action or process that a customer would be willing to pay for. Lean is centered on preserving value with less work Lean manufacturing is a variation on the theme of efficiency based on optimizing flow; it is a present-day instance of the recurring theme in human history toward increasing efficiency, decreasing waste, and using empirical methods to decide what matters, rather than uncritically accepting pre-existing ideas. Lean is the set of "tools" that assist in the identification and steady elimination of waste

Lean is about doing more with less: less time, inventory, space, labor, and money. "Lean manufacturing", shorthand for a commitment to eliminating waste, simplifying procedures and speeding up production.

Lean Manufacturing (also known as the Toyota production System is, in its most basic form, the systematic elimination of waste – overproduction, waiting, transportation, inventory, motion, over-processing, defective units –and the implementation of the concepts of continuous flow and customer pull.

Five areas drive lean manufacturing/production:

1. cost

2. quality

3. delivery

4. safety, and

5. Morale.

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Just as mass production is recognized as the production system of the 20th century, lean production is viewed as the production system of the 21st century.

Benefits of Lean Production

Establishment and mastering of a lean production system would allow you to achieve the following benefits:

Waste reduction by 80%

Production cost reduction by 50%

Manufacturing cycle times decreased by 50%

Labor reduction by 50% while maintaining or increasing throughput

Inventory reduction by 80% while increasing customer service levels

Capacity in current facilities increase by 50%

Higher quality

Higher profits

Higher system flexibility in reacting to changes in requirements improved

More strategic focus

Improved cash flow through increasing shipping and billing frequencies

However, by continually focusing on waste reduction, there are truly no end to the benefits that can be achieved.

Characteristics of a Lean Enterprise

Integrated single piece continuous workflow

Close integration of the whole Value Chain from raw material to finished product through partnership oriented relations with suppliers and distributors

JIT (Just in Time) Processing: a part moves to a production operation, is processed immediately, and moves immediately to the next operation

Short order-to-ship cycles times; small batch production capability that is synchronized to shipping schedules

Production is based on orders rather than forecasts; production planning is driven by customer demand or "pull" and not to suit machine loading or inflexible work flows on the shop floor.

Minimal inventories at each stage of the production process

Quick changeovers of machines and equipment allow different products to be produced with one-piece flow in small batches

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Layout is based on product flow

(TQM)Total Quality Control -Active involvement by workers in trouble shooting and problem solving to improve quality and eliminate wastes.

Defect prevention rather than inspection and rework by building quality in the process and implementing real time quality feedback procedures.

Goals of lean manufacturing

Improve quality: To stay competitive in

today‘s marketplace, a company must

understand its customers' wants and needs

and design processes to meet their

expectations and requirements.

Eliminate waste: Waste is any activity that

consumes time, resources, or space but does

not add any value to the product or service.

There are seven types of waste:

1. Transport (unnecessary movement of

materials)

2. Inventory (excess inventory not directly required for current orders)

3. Motion (extra steps taken by employees because of inefficient layout)

4. Waiting (periods of inactivity)

5. Overproduction (occurs when production should have stopped)

6. Over Processing (rework and reprocessing)

7. Defects (do not conform to specifications or expectations)

Reduce time: Reducing the time it takes to finish an activity from start to finish is one

of the most effective ways to eliminate waste and lower costs.

Reduce total costs: To minimize cost, a company must produce only to customer

demand. Overproduction increases a company‘s inventory costs because of storage

needs

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Flexible manufacturing with lean strategy

o Bmw‘s is betting that flexible manufacturing, not lean is the next big thing in auto manufacturing. The article quotes rich Morris, a vice president at bmw‘s U.S. operations as noting that ―everyone has to become more flexible.―

o flexibility was defined as both the ability to shift production of different models

among different plants as demand shifts among different global markets. it can also manifest itself as building different models of autos within the same plant. this is somewhat different than designing overall manufacturing capability on the basis of pure lean methodologies,

o where complete efficiency becomes the overriding goal. there is also a hybrid

combination model, similar to toyota that attempts to build and distribute vehicles in the leanest plants, but in the fastest cycle-time to customer orders.

o this type of argument comes up frequently and can sometimes take many views,

depending on a supply chain professional‘s built-in bias or training. in the case of bmw, the context is defined as the overall need of customers. morris indicates that ―in 2008, 70 percent of (bmw‘s)

o production was built to customer order.‖ the alternative, which many other auto

manufacturers practice is to schedule production based on dealers‘ orders, which is their best forecast as to what customers may buy, or i might add, which options can be the most profitable for dealers. the disadvantage is duly noted, that being that the customer has to often compromise his or her needs to what may be available for sale.

o my view is similar to bmw in that any production or supply chain model has to

have its first priority focused on the needs of the overall customer. because bmw is a premium brand that differentiates on performance and features of its vehicles, flexibility makes sense.

o bmw vehicles are very expensive, hence having many unsold finished vehicles in

inventory is not efficient.

o contrast this approach with the recent market introduction by tata of the nano automobile in india. here, the vehicle has been designed with very limited options and marketed to a very cost-sensitive, entry-level consumer.

o tata elected to go with a highly lean and efficient manufacturing process focused

on vehicle sub-assembles, which are shipped to actual dealers who assemble the final car configuration based on a consumer order

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Flexibility as Morris means it is defined in a couple of ways. One is the ability to

shift production of different models among different plants, as demand shifts in different global markets.

BMW has made a specialty of offering a very wide array of factory-installed

options that can be ordered individually, while mass-market brands are cutting back on variety.

―Sometimes it takes two years (for us) to build the exact same vehicle twice,‖

Morris said in a recent press briefing at BMW of North America headquarters in Woodcliff Lake, N.

BMW builds most of its vehicles with specific colors, features and options the

way individual customers order them via a dealer. ―In 2008, 70 percent of the production was built to customer order,‖

The alternative, and the way most other brands do it, is to build most cars the

way dealers order them, to be retailed out of dealer inventory. That represents the dealers‘ best guess at what customers will buy. The advantage is that most U.S. customers want to take delivery right away. That‘s only possible when the car is already on the lot. The factory also saves manufacturing costs and complexity by reducing variations

BMW customers can change their orders within five days of when their car is

built. That‘s much later in the process than other brands That kind of flexibility isn‘t perfect, because the most flexible plants aren‘t the

most ―lean,‖ for instance in terms of the inventory of parts the plant has to keep handy. On the other hand, the leanest plants that can build cars the fastest also need to become more flexible

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WHAT IS JIT

The philosophy of JIT is simple: inventory is waste. JIT inventory systems expose hidden causes of inventory keeping, and are therefore not a simple solution for a company to adopt. The company must follow an array of new methods to manage the consequences of the change. The ideas in this way of working come from many different disciplines including statistics, industrial engineering, production management, and behavioral science. The JIT inventory philosophy defines how inventory is viewed and how it relates to management.

Just-in-time (JIT) is an inventory strategy that strives to improve a business's

return on investment by reducing in-process inventory and associated carrying costs

JIT can improve a manufacturing organization's return on investment, quality, and efficiency.

Quick notice that stock depletion requires personnel to order new stock is critical to the inventory reduction at the center of JIT. This saves warehouse space and costs. However, the complete mechanism for making this work is often misunderstood

Main benefits of JIT include:

Reduced setup time.

Cutting setup time allows the company to reduce or eliminate inventory for "changeover" time. The tool used here is SMED (single-minute exchange of dies).

The flow of goods from warehouse to shelves improves

Small or individual piece lot sizes reduce lot delay inventories, which simplifies inventory flow and its management.

Employees with multiple skills are used more efficiently.

Having employees trained to work on different parts of the process allows companies to move workers where they are needed.

Production scheduling and work hour consistency synchronized with demand.

If there is no demand for a product at the time, it is not made. This saves the company money, either by not having to pay workers overtime or by having them focus on other work or participate in training.

Increased emphasis on supplier relationships.

A company without inventory does not want a supply system problem that creates a part shortage. This makes supplier relationships extremely important.

Supplies come in at regular intervals throughout the production day.

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HOW BMW HAS USED THE JIT and Lean Production

Now after understanding the JIT and Lean Production

How BMW was Incorporated the same in their functionality The fundamental usages by the BMW US factory have moved on what they describe all about. And they term it Post (JIT) The basic emphasis is given to suppliers. Effort is made not to underestimate the role of suppliers Vehicular delivery on time (day of ordering to delivery date) Flexibility - $300 million capital (overhauling the 8 year old body shop) Following changes are under way

Redesigning the vehicles for variation in metal sheets Upcoming 3 series will have 2 variations instead of 16 Z3 model will have 8 body variations instead of 12

VIN number modification (LEAN Production concept used)

o Will be assigning the VIN number later as to give customer chance of making changes in the design (customer centric approach)

o Will give BMW more time for scheduling

Computerized system for the dealers Computer ordering system for giving customer the date of delivery, integrating all the workshops and data banking in the Munich center.

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Scheduling glitches (LEAN Production used) The Spartanburg Plant (doubling the vehicular stacking capacity) Mechanism to

1. Temporary shelve half shifts worth of cars at once 2. Solving scheduling glitches caused by vehicles out of sync 3. More parts to stand along the assembly line 4. Reducing load on worker

Supplier Side -------- (JIT concept used)

Computer system that tracks orders from the dealerships around the world to the part

makers in South Carolina and Germany.

Production change from supplier side few hours prior to the parts Are needed in BMW line.

Now --

Suppliers are accustomed locking the production line weeks before the delivery

Challenge starts with the production forecasting

Normally manufacturer would be able to forecast the production needs and notify

suppliers 6months in advance, With 60 % accuracy

If (6 weeks prior ---- will give 80% accuracy)

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Plans to attain (JIT concept used)

If (done 4 days ahead ---- will give 100 % results) For the same (steps have to be taken) 1. Lock 100% percent accurate production plan 2. Advantage of suppliers to liberate suppliers to make last minute changes 3. Sales orders processed nightly and communicated to the factory planning

department Cross-functioning (JIT concept used)

Indicator champion

Job post champion

sorting issues in various department to solve schedule problems ex ( one departments functions impacting other) Brand identity ( LEAN Manufacturing )

Customized manufacturing -- customization is less in US then in Germany, Customers should get what exactly they want but (will not go the way of 20 day car) Precise schedule will result in the more stable supplier base, by reducing product complexity that will allow the production of new products.

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BMW supplier network

New initiatives by the company in Lean and JIT principles That is BMW will bring about changes that will (Every last minute change will

bring about any desired output from the Customer will be handled minutely). MINI production strategy adopted by the BMW Group, with special emphasis on

the MINI Production Triangle set up in 2006. The department managers, engineers and computer software developers at

BMW AG's U.S. factory are about to drop-kick the auto plant into a new era. Call it the ``post-just-in-time'' era

`Don't forget the suppliers,'' says Helmut Leube, president of BMW

Manufacturing Corp. in Spartanburg County, S.C. ``Please don't underestimate the role of our suppliers in this effort.''

As Leube explains it, ``this effort'' is a shift from the lean, just-in-time production

that automakers have championed since the 1980s to delivery-on-demand.

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The South Carolina plant and other BMW plants worldwide are attempting to make ordering a vehicle from a BMW factory and getting that vehicle on the day it is promised as easy as possible.

BMW is making major changes, including a $300 million capital expense program

that just completed an overhaul of its nearly 8-year-old body shop. The manufacturing changes are as diverse as procedures.

In 1998 BMW management launched another damaging restructuring package — which involved the banking of hours, new shift patterns and redundancies.

Noteworthy is BMW‘s network which has 20% of its suppliers located within a 100 miles.

BMW suspended some production because their supply of parts was disrupted by the volcanic ash.BMW has said that three plants in Germany had already cut production ... The moves come as the spread of volcanic ash from Iceland continues to disrupt European airspace."

BMW the car buyers are allowed to select or modify options, such as changing the color of leather seats, in the vehicles they order until just one week before that vehicle starts.

BMW‘s ‗custom-driven‘ selling philosophy, having already undermined the marketing platform which first attracted BMW to the site.

People who are buying BMW are paying for the engineering and the quality, not for the breakdown on the plant floor. To achieve such maintenance and reliability excellence. It‘s all about the driver. (James kron – Manufacturing planning Exe)

BMW plant in Spartanburg SC utilizes a myriad of methods (root causes focus, design for maintainability, TPM, Condition Monitoring, Standardization, Etc.(Herman Adams – maintenance planning Exe)

BMW has used these process in a sufficient manner for the manufacturing other process in the best manner possible.

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MY LEARNING and understanding

About the company

BMW is an automobile manufacturing company that is base in Germany and is know world over for its best automobiles running on the road.

It has its global presence in motto GP and F1 racing circuits plus manufactures automobiles for general purpose, SUV and MUV vehicles.

BMW believes in outclass product outreach and amazing the customer with the

best practices to collaborate the engineering expertise and the modulated

changes that are brought by the best methods adopted by them in terms of

vehicles every quarter being inspected to the maintenance of customer relation

and augmented experience being provided to the customer using various

methods and technologies being adopted.

BMW has got expertise in the fields of commitment, identification and knowhow

of the employees, they also use a 300+ work scheduling techniques for the

company, they also prefer the usage of recycling and using the best practices for

the betterment of the ecology and company needs

BMW believes in the customer centric approach where in the modifications and

changes are allowed to be done in the vehicle till the last minute. Plus a lot of

flexibility is being given to the employee and dealers with online booking system

for the raw material and modification system for the color, chassis and other

transformation.

About the process and TQM techniques used

VIN number being given to the customers for the customers for making changes

in the vehicles, many models were modified in accordance to the 8 body

variations and redesigning the metal sheets for the manufacturing purpose.

BMW has introduced the computer aided ordering system for the dealers for

integrating the workshops and thus the fact remains that they have considered all

options for the vehicular stocking has been done so that the overload on the

workers is reduced and it also minimizes the scheduling glitches and thus

promote more parts for the replacement and spare parts to stand alone in the

shelf‘s thus making more flexibility and ensuring less damage and making the

task less difficult for the employee.

BMW has used the JIT concept in the supplier side of the manufacturing. locking

the inventory and planning the inventory weeks before the production, plus they

forecast the production so as to make sure that the 6 weeks prior they inform to

bring in the 80% accuracy in manufacturing and changes thus can be achieved.

BMW has introduced a plan which is 100% lock proof, plus they get the chance

of liberating the supplier and change them as per the requirements of the

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company and the specifications thus are maintained by customer by the

company.

BMW also uses a peculiar methodology in which they have generated a concept

of employee champion in which the key job for the process is being identified and

thus this makes a employee the champion of that certain task later making the

job post champion. Thus BMW understand the fact that one department functions

impact the workings of other for the same they have made this mandate and thus

every department tries to work in the minimum error level.

Supplier network is also very stout and focused and it is thus maintained that the

manufacturers are located in the location that is near to the production center for

which many distributors of same spares and inventory are being used. various

other tools are used like standardization and quality focus, root cause analysis is

done to make sure that the products are out of defect the best example that they

have given to the world is the suspension some production because their supply

of parts was disrupted by the volcanic ash

Thanking you

Pratik K.S Negi ISBE (SS 09-11/HR)