What is Biometrics?
Multi-Factor Authentication What you know (Password) What you have (ID) What you are (Biometrics)
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Why Biometrics?
Prevent fraudulent acts- Accessing confidential information- Faking an identity
Stolen Badge Compromised Password
Safety and Security- Keep information safe
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Two Characteristics
Physiological Related to the human body
Ex: Fingerprint, Face Recognition, Hand Geometry, etc.
Behavioral Related to the patterns of an individuals behavior
Ex: Voice Recognition, Signature, Keyboard Dynamics
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Physiological
Fingerprint Three patterns
Arch: starts on one side, arches up, then ends on other side
Loop: starts on one side, loops around, ends on same side Whirl: circles around center of finger
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Arch Loop Whirl
Fingerprint Disadvantages
Damaged fingerprintsHygieneCut off finger
Accuracy Ease of Use User Acceptance
High Medium Low
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Physiological
Face Recognition Verify individual using a digital image from a video
source Analyzes position, size, and shape
- Nose, eyes, cheekbones, and jaw
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Face Recognition Disadvantages
Facial SurgeryFacial ExpressionsPoor Lighting
Accuracy Ease of Use User Acceptance
Low High High
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Physiological
Retinal Scanner Camera technology with infrared light to obtain
unique retina pattern Examines the pattern of blood vessels at the back of
the eye Mathematical algorithm converts pattern into
computer code and stores it in database
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Retinal Scanner Disadvantages
Accurate measurement affected by cataracts or severe astigmatism
Not user friendlyNeed to be close to cameraCan reveal eye cancer (Insurance reasons)
Accuracy Ease of Use User Acceptance
High Low Low
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Behavioral
Voice Recognition Speaker’s voice is recorded and a voice print is
created Individual’s voice pattern used to compare with the
print, in order for authentication Frequency estimation Pattern matching algorithms
Disadvantage Sick (Voice Gone)
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Accuracy Ease of Use User Acceptance
Medium High High
Behavioral
Signature Users write signature on a digital tablet Recognizes signature pattern
Spatial coordinates Pressure Pen up/down Time Angular Measurements Inclination
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Signature Disadvantages
Broken hand/finger affecting signatureChanges to signature
Accuracy Ease of Use User Acceptance
Medium Medium High
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Behavioral
Keyboard Dynamics The manner and rhythm that an individual types on a
keyboard Dwell Time – Time in which a key is pressed Flight Time – Time between when a key is released and
the next key is pushed down Which shift key was used? Etc.
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Keyboard Dynamics Disadvantages
Disadvantages Legal Issues Broken Hand/Finger
Accuracy Ease of Use User Acceptance
Medium Medium High
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Applications
Bank vaultsGovernment AgenciesDriver’s License signatureWriting checksAccessing confidential informationPersonal laptops
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Concerns / Issues
Costly PrivacyGood for Verification, Bad for IdentificationSpeed Recognition
False Positives (i.e. Non authorized user granted access) - should be at 0.001%
False Negatives (i.e. Authorized user denied access) - should be at 1%
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