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BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT-
REGULATORY COMPLAINCE &MANAGEMENT OF BMW FACILITIES
Dr LAKSHMI RAGHUPATHYFormer Director, MoE&F
Adviser, Environment Managment
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FAQ BIOMEDICAL WASTES
What is biomedical waste? Is bio-medical was infectious?
Need for mgt of bio-medical wastes
Why segregate?
What does the color code signify? Why use separate containers?
What is the safe method for Sharps disposal?
What is the maximum storage time for BMW?
What is Treatment & Disposal facility?
What are the advantages of Common facility?
How and where to locate facility ?
How to transport BMW to common facility?
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WHAT IS BIOMEDICAL WASTE?
BIOMEDICAL WASTES are wastes, whichare generated during the diagnosis,treatment or immunization of human beings
or animals or in research activitiespertaining thereto or in the production ortesting of biologicals and including
categories mentioned in Schedule 1u Bio-medical wastes are infectious andhazardous - need to be managed carefully
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BIOMEDICAL WASTES
REGULATIONS BIOMEDICAL WASTES (M&H) RULES 1998 - E(P)
ACT 1986 as amended in 2000, 2003
MOE&F- NODAL AGENCY
PRESCRIBED AUTHORITY-IMPLEMENTATIONThese rules provide a system for regulating handling BMW whichincludes collection, segregation at source, norms for packaginglabeling and options for treatment and disposal along with thestandard for treatment technologies.
For proper management & Handling of Bio-Medical Waste.
Applicable to all persons who generate, collect, receive,store, transport, treat, dispose or handle bio-medical wastein any form.
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BIOMEDICAL WASTE HANDLING
(CRADLE TO GRAVE) CHARACTERIZATION
QUANTIFICATION
SEGREGATION
STORAGE
TRANSPORTATION TREATMENT
DISPOSAL
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BIOMEDICAL WASTE CATEGORIES
10 WASTE CATEGORIES CAT1 HUMAN ANATOMICAL
CAT2 ANIMAL
CAT3 MICROBIOLOGY &BIOTECHNOLOGY
CAT4 WASTE SHARPS CAT5 CYTOTOXICDRUGS & DISCARDED MEDICINES
CAT6 SOILDWASTE
CAT7 SOLID WASTE
CAT8 LIQUID WASTE CAT9 INCINERATIONASH
CAT10 CHEMICAL
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SEGREGATION , PACKAGINGTREATMENT & DISPOSAL
CATEGORY WASTE TYPE CONTAINER TREATMENT & DISPOSAL
1. HUMAN ANATOMICAL (Y P) INCINERATION/DEEP BURIAL
2. ANIMAL WASTE (Y,P) INCINEARTION/DEEP BURIAL
3. MICROBIOLOGY (Y,R) AUTOCLAVING/MICROWAVING
& BIOTECH /INCINERATION
4. WASTE SHARPS [B,W] DISINFECTION(CHEM)/AUTOCL/MICRO/SHREDDING
5. DISCARDED MED INCINERATION/DESTRUCTION
& CYTO-Drugs [BLUE] /SECURED LANDFILL
6. SOILED (YELLOW) INCINERATION/AUTOCL/MICROWAVING
7. SOLID [R,B,W] CHEM.DISINFEC/AUTOCL/MICROWAV/
(DISPOSABLES) SHREDDING
8. LIQUID CHEM DISINFEC & DISCHARGE INTODRAINS
9. INCINERATION ASH [Bl] MUNICIPAL LAND FILLS
10. CHEMICAL [Bl] CHEM TREATMENT DRAINS/ LANDFILL
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BIOMEDICAL WASTES
REGULATIONS WASTE CAT 1,2,3 & 6 - YELLOW - PLASTIC BAGS
INCINERATION & BURIEL
WASTE CAT 3,6 & 7 - RED-DISINFEC CONT &
PLASTIC BAGS
- CHEMICAL DIS. AUTOCL, MICRO.
CAT4 & 7 - BLUE /WHITE/TRANS-PLASTIC BAGS- -
- CHEMCIAL ,SHREDDING, AUTOCL,
MICRO,
CAT5,9 &10 - BLACK-PLASTIC BAG
- SECURED LANDFILL
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COMPLIANCE STATUS
Comprehensive Rules but poor compliancethere are many aspects in the rules thatrequired to be complied with
u Authorisation not completed in many statesu Storage provisions have not provided in most of
the heath care institutions
u Dedicated vehicles for transportation of
biomedical wastes are not provided in manystates
u Treatment disposal facilities have been set upbut not achieving prescribed Standards
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BIO-MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
Steps taken by the States/UTs: Inventorization of all bio-medical waste
generators - hospitals, nursing homes, clinics etc. Ensure that hospitals seek authorisation.
Action against violation of the rules
Facilitate Creation of Common Treatment and
Disposal Facilities for Biomedical Waste.
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Bio-Medical Waste (Management& Handling) Rules,1998
As per Rule 8 , Every Occupier of an institutiongenerating, collecting, receiving, storing,transporting, treating, disposing and /or
handling bio-medical waste in any other manner,except such occupier of clinics, dispensaries,pathological laboratories, blood banks providingtreatment / service to less than 1000 (onethousand) patients per month, shall make an
application in Form I to the prescribedauthority (DPCC) for grant of authorization.
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DEADLINES FOR SETTING UPBIOMEDICAL WASTE TREATMENT
FACILITIESu According to BMW Rules 1998 deadline for
setting up of treatment facilities:
Metros with population >30 lakhs -30.06.2000
Cities with population < 30 lakhs Hospitals and Nursing Homes >500 beds -30.06.2000
Hospitals and Nursing Homes 200-500 beds -31.12.2000
Hospitals and Nursing Homes 50-200 beds -31.12.2001
Hospitals and Nursing Homes
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Operators of Common BMWTreatment Facilities in Delhi
(CBMWTF) DPCC has authorized 2 Operators to create
Common BMW Treatment Facilities in Delhi 1. M/s Metro Bio- Care Waste Management
Pvt. Ltd., 55, Railway Road, SamaipurIndustrial Area, Delhi -42. 2. M/s Synergy Waste Management Pvt. Ltd,
Near Okhla STP, Sukhdev Vihar, Okhla, Delhi -20.
Both the Operators have been authorized forcollection of BMW from the Health Care Unitsin Delhi, for transportation of collected wasteto the Common treatment site & for thetreatment as per BMW Rules.
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COMMON BMW FACILITIES
Facilties : Total - 157- Operation- 149STATE FACILITIES STATE FACILITIES
AP 11 KARNATK 11
ASSAM 2 KERALA 1
BIHAR 3 MAHARSTR 34
CHANDGRH 1 MP 17
CHTTSGRH 5 MEGHALYA 1
DDNH 1 ORISSA 2
DELHI 2 PUNJAB 4
GUJARAT 12 RAJAST 6
HARYANA 3 TN 11
HP 2 UTTRACHL 2
J&K 2 UP 20
JHARKND 1 WB 4
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OPTIMIZATION OF BIO-MEDICALWASTE MANAGEMENT
Large health care units to have a treatmentdisposal facility of their own
Large units with spare capacity in their to beshared with smaller units
Treatment facilities to accept waste form smallwaste generators .
Common Treatment Disposal Facilities under PPP.
Local medical association to assist in cooperative
ventures. State Govts. & municipal bodies to join hands
Sites allotted for common incineration facilities
Treated bio-medical wastes to be picked up by municipalbodies.
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NEWER APPROACHES FOR BMWMANAGEMENT
Effective collection system to be putin place within and outside healthcare units
Ensure proper segregation andpackaging
Pollution prevention thru EST
Waste reduction
Use of safe substitutes forhazardous subs in use
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NEWER TECHNOLOGIES
NEWER TECHNOLOGIES TO BEADOPTED FOR BMW
NON INCINERATION TECHNOLOGY[AUTOCLAVING & HYDROCLAVING &MICROWAVING]
USE OF REUSABLES WHERE POSSIBLE
INSTEAD OF DISPOSABLESSAFE SUBSTITUTES FOR MERCURY
MODERNIZATION OF THE OPERATING
PLANTS
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REQUIEMENTS FOR BIOMEDICALWASTES MGT
Facilitating the process of BMW Mgt
Precautionary principles & preventive approach
Training & awareness programmes Appropriate qualification & training
Allocation of responsibilities
Providing infrastructure and equipments
Budget allocation Co-ordination and cooperation with other
institutions
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ISSUES ON BIOMEDICAL WASTESMANAGEMENT
ISSUES Adequate attention not given
Indiscriminate Disposal
Segregation Lacking
Unscruplus Recycling
No Treatment & Disposal Facility
No Training Awareness
Monitoring Mechanisms Lacking
Lack of infrastructure in hospitals to tackle the problem
of bio-medical wastes. Inadequate/NIL allocation of funds.
Lack of training for nurses and other para-medical staff.
Absence of personal protective gears like gloves etc.,while segregating and transporting wastes.
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ACTION POINTS
SOLUTIONS Follow regulations Use re-usables Prescribe safe recycling Waste minimization
Integral part of hospital management system Awareness & education Management monitoring mechanisms Penalty & punishments Utilisation of spare capacity of existing incinerators and
other facilities in the hospitals by small units. Also
utilisation of incinerators in the private sector industriesfor treatment of Hospitals Wastes.. Inclusion of Biomedical waste management as a part of
medical curriculum
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Thank You