Bio-Controls: Bacterial Bio-Controls: Bacterial Infection FundamentalsInfection Fundamentals
By Ryan MurrayBy Ryan Murray
NeedNeed
Crops decimated by Pythium (Stietsma, 1973)
NeedNeed
Corn Fields killed by Stewarts
Former Methods of ControlFormer Methods of Control DDTDDT
Dioxin (Agent Dioxin (Agent Orange)Orange)
Bio ControlsBio Controls
Garsney (2001)Garsney (2001)
PurposePurpose Finding bio controls- fight off Finding bio controls- fight off
diseases and pestsdiseases and pests
Alternate HypothesesAlternate Hypotheses1.If Soybean Plants exposed to Pythium and Fusarium are treated with P.Putida, Fungal Mycelium, and S. griesevoridis, the infections will decrease
2. If soybean plants exposed to Root Knot Nematodes are treated with Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, the infestation will decrease.
Pythium Root RotPythium Root Rot
Lit ReviewLit Review
(Sietsma,1973) Wall structure and (Sietsma,1973) Wall structure and Growth in Pythium Bacterial Growth in Pythium Bacterial Infection. Cambridge University PressInfection. Cambridge University Press
Fungal Mycelium
FusariumFusarium
(Ajello,1979)
Lit ReviewLit Review
(Tari,1988) Fusarium Wilt Suppression (Tari,1988) Fusarium Wilt Suppression and Agglutinability of Pseudomonas and Agglutinability of Pseudomonas putida. putida.
Appl Environ Microbiol. AugustAppl Environ Microbiol. August
19881988 Leonard KJ, Bushnell WR. 2003. Fusarium Leonard KJ, Bushnell WR. 2003. Fusarium
head blight of wheat and barley. head blight of wheat and barley. American Phytopathological Society American Phytopathological Society Press .Press .
Root Knot Nematodes Root Knot Nematodes Ester (2003) Ester (2003) in cooperation with the
U.S. Department of Agriculture. Stanley R. Johnson, director, Cooperative Extension Service, Iowa State University of Science and Technology,Ames, Iowa.
Rhabditid Nematode attacking root knots
Root- Knot Nematodes
Stewart’s DiseaseStewart’s Disease
Pseudomonas PutidaPseudomonas Putida
(Kachlany, 2002)
S. griseoviridisS. griseoviridis
Against resident levels of Fusarium-Against resident levels of Fusarium-reduced Fusarium infection by 16%reduced Fusarium infection by 16%
Similarity Similarity Distinct similarities between the Distinct similarities between the
three diseases.three diseases.
SOYBEAN PLANTS SOYBEAN PLANTS
Soybean yields are affected quantitatively and qualitatively by fungi, insects, nematodes, and viruses (Domier, 2009)
METHODOLOGY METHODOLOGY N= 50 Soybean Plants
N=10Exposed to Pythium
N=10Exposed to Fusarium
N=10 Exposed to Stewart’s (rootknots)
Treated with P.putida, Fungal Mycelium and S. griseoviridis
Treated with Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita
Time = 30 daysMeasurements taken using Diluting Fluid (measuring volume of bacterial infection) and Leaf health scale
SPPS Statistical Analysis by ANOVA comparing the various bio controls to the control followed by Sheffe Post Hoc Test where p<.05
N=10 ControlN=10 Exposed to Root Knots (No Stewarts)
Protocols for BacteriaProtocols for Bacteria
All strains must be kept isolated from All strains must be kept isolated from one another to avoid contaminationone another to avoid contamination
Plants infected by injection or pin-Plants infected by injection or pin-prick methodprick method
Root Knots exposed to Stewarts by Root Knots exposed to Stewarts by ingestion in mediumingestion in medium
Budget PlanBudget Plan
VendorOrder
Number Quant Description Price
Carolina Online 155265 1 Pseudomonas Putida, Living tube $9.20
Carolina NP-15-6033 1 Fusarium Oxysporum $9.20
Cornell University-Xiaohong Wang 1 Root Knot Nematodes
Carolina Online 593120 1 Walter QZG Zoom Stereomicroscope $519.00
BD CATALOG 442104 1 Diluting fluid- used to count Bacteria
Carolina Online 721169 1 Pyrex® Vista™ Test Tubes 50 count $14.50
Cornell University-Xiaohong Wang 1 Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita
Carolina Online 158443 1 Bean, Soy, Viable Seed, 1 lb $8.75
Still Searching Fungal Mycelium
Do- AbilityDo- Ability1.1. Pythium, Fusarium, and Root Knots Pythium, Fusarium, and Root Knots
obtainable by online and collegiate obtainable by online and collegiate sourcessources
2.2. P.Putida, Mycelium, P.Putida, Mycelium, S. griseoviridis,S. griseoviridis, and and Phasmarhabditis Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita; available online at hermaphrodita; available online at Carolina and at other sourcesCarolina and at other sources
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