StudyGuide–THEBio2LECTUREFinal–Youwillneedascantron884.ThefinalwillbeallT/F,Matching,MultipleChoice.Therewillbenofillinorshortanswers.Youwillhavetobeabletorecognizeplantsandanimals(andothers)fromcolorpictures.Youwillalsoneedtoknowthesounds(calls)oftheanimalslisted.TheLectureFinalwithhavelecturequestions,labquestions,andfieldtripquestions!TheLectutrefinalwillcountasaLectureFinalANDasathirdexam(andIwilltakethebesttwoofyourthreeexams!)1)Knowthesepeople,dates,andevents/worksA)CarlousLinneaus–“FatherofTaxonomy”–SystemaNaturae(1735)B)PeterDuesbergC)CharlesDarwin–OriginofSpecies-(1859)2)KnowtheseOxygenRequirements:3)Knowthese5groupsofbacteriaandtheexamplesweusedofeach:A)ProteobacteriaB)Gram+BacteriaC)ChlamydiasD)SpirochetesE)Cyanobacteria.Fortheexamples,makesureyouknowthediseasetheycause(ifany).Youdonotneedtoknowtheiroxygenrequirements,shapes,orwhattypeoftoxintheyhave.4)Knowthefoursupergroupsandthecladesanddiseasethatarecausedbythefollowingorganisms:Giardia,Trichimonas,Trypanosoma,Plasmodium,Saproglenia(WaterMold),Entameoba.KnowthevectorsforTrypanosomaandPlasmodium.Also,knowthecladesDiatomsandForamsandwhattypesoftests(orshells)theyhave.5)KnowthegeneralcharacteristicsofFungi:Aseptateandseptatehyphae,cellwallwithchitin,heterotropicandstoresugarasglycogen.KnowthatRhizopuscausesBlackBreadMoldandbelongsinthedivisionZygomycota(orZygomycetes).KnowthatChytridiomycotahaveflagellawhichisrareinFungi.KnowthatGlomeromycotaformimportantmutualisticrelationshipswithplantroots.KnowthatDutchElmDisease,truffles,andthedrugPencillinallcomefromFungithatbelonginthedivisionAscomycota(orAscomycetes).Knowwhatalichenisandwhata“pioneer”speciesis.

6)WhattypeofcellsmakeupthedomainArchaea?WhatarethethreegroupswithintheArchaeae?7)Besuretoknowthefollowingviruses,thebasicsymptomsofthediseasestheycause,howtheyaretransmitted:HIV,Polio,HepatitisA,HepatitisC,Rabies,Influenza.KnowthatmadcowdiseaseiscausedbyaPrion.8)Inthenon-vascularseedlessplants(suchasmosses),makesureyouknowthedifferencebetweenasporophyteandagametophyte.Alsomakesureyouknowthatthegametophyteishaploidandcontainseithermalestructures(antheridia)orfemalestructures(archegonia).9)Themicroandmacronutrientsfromhydroponicstudies.10)Beabletothedifferencebetweenamonocotroot,adicotroot,amonocotstem,andadicotstem.

11)knowthebasicstructuresofsecondarygrowthofastem:

12)Knowthebasicdifferencesbetweenmonocotsanddicots:

13)Knowthefollowingmodifiedstems:stolons(strawberries), Rhizomes(irises),tubers(potatoes),bulbs&corms(onions), Cladophylls(cactus) 14)Knowthefollowingmodifiedleaves:tendrils(climbingvines), bracts(poinsettia),spines(cactus),storageleaves(succulents)

15)Knowthefollowingmodifiedroots:foodstorage(carrots,sweetpotatoes),waterstorage(pumpkins),propagativeroots(cherries,pears),Pnematophores(Mangrovetrees),Aerialroots(orchids).

16)Knowwhichnutrients(byname)aremicronutrientsandwhicharemacronutrients(youdonotneedtoknowamountsoffunctionsonchemicalsymbols.17)Knowtheeffectivesofredandfarredlightonthefloweringoflongandshortdayplants.18)Knowthegeologicaltimescale.19)Knowthegenerallocationsofbiomesontheearth:20)Knowwhichanimalsareprotostomesandwhicharedeuterostomes21)Knowthecladogramofthebasicanimalphyla:22)Knowwhichorganismsarediploblasticandwhicharetriploblastic23)Knowthefollowingparasiticwormsandtheirmodeofinfection:Schistosoma,Clonorchis,Taenia,Enchinococcus,Ancylostoma,Enterobius,Ascaris,Trichinella,Wuchereria,Dracunuclus.24)Knowthecharacteristics,generalfeatures,andclassesofthephylumMollusca:Monoplacophora,Polyplacophora,Gastropoda,Scaphophoda,Bivalvia,Cephalopoda.25)Knowthefollowingordersandcharacteristicsofinsects:Coleoptera,Diptera,Hemiptera,Hymenoptera,Lepidoptera,Odontata.26)KnowthefollowingclassesandcharacteristicsofthephylumEchinodermata:Asteroidea,Opiuroidea,Echinoidea,Crinoidea,Holothuroidea.27)Knowwhatphylumandsubphylumtunicatesareinaswellasthelancelates.

28)Knowthedifferenttypesofreproductionseeninsharks(viviparity,oviparity,ovoviviparity)andtheexamplesgivenforeach.29)Knowtheseordersoffish,characteristics,andexamples:Coelocantiformes,Acipenseriformes,Cypriniformes,Synganthiformes,&Scombriformes.30)Knowthebasiccharacteristicsofthethreeordersofamphibians:urodela,anurans,apodans.31)Knowthestructuresandfunctionsoftheamnioticegg32)Knowthebasiccharacteristicsoftheclassesofreptiles:Testudines(orChelonia)(Noteeth,plastron,carapace,temperaturedependentsex(lowmales,highfemales)),Sphenodontia(Tuataras,NewZealand,notatruelizard,noexternalears,welldevelopedeyeunderskin),Squamata(snakesandLizards,temperaturedependentsex(lowfemales,middlemales,highfemales)(typeII).Crocodilia(crocodilesandalligators,switchable3-4chamberedheart).33)Knowthegeneralcharacteristicsofbirds(hollowbones,endothermic,reducedorgans,noteeth).Knowthefollowingorders,characteristicsandexample:Passeriformes,Anseriformes,Columbiformes,Apodiformes,Falconiformes,Piciformes,34)Knowthebasiccharacteristicsofmammals:Hair,Endothermic,MammaryGlands,Livebirth(withtwoexceptions),teethdifferentiation,jawmodifiedtoincorporatebonesintoinnerear.Besuretoknowthefollowingorders,examples,andcharacteristics:Monotremata,Marsupialia,Proboscidea,Sirenia,Lagomorpha,Rodentia,Primates,Carnivora,Artiodacyla,Perissodactyla.35)ComparativePhysiology–Knowthestructuresofthefourchamberedheart.Knowwhathappensduringsystoleanddiastoleandwhatcausesthe“lubdub”soundofaheartbeat.Whatisnormalbloodpressure.Whatisastrokevolumeandcardiacoutput.36)Whatisconduction,convection,radiation,andevaporativecooling.Whatisthedifferencebetweenanectothermandendotherm.37)Whatisthedifferencebetweenandopenandclosedcirculatorysystemandwhichanimalshavewhich?38)Whatisinnateimmunityvs.acquiredimmunity.39)HowdoClass1MHC’sdifferfromClass2MHC’s?WhatbindstoaCD4receptorvs.aCD8receptor.Explainthedifferencebetweenactiveandpassiveimmunity.40)Understandhowarestingpotentialisgeneratedinaneuron.Understandhowanactionpotentialisgeneratedandhowneuronscommunicate.Knowtheneurotransmitterswe

discussedinclassandthefunctionsandspecifictargetsofthesympatheticandparasympatheticnervoussystem.41)Knowthestructuresandfunctionsofthefollowingpartsofthevertebratebrain:pons,medullaoblongata,thalamus,hypothalamus,pituitarygland,pinealgland,cerebellum,cerebrum.Knowthefollowingfishfromthelabpictures:GreatWhiteShark(4,200lbs,ovoviviparous)HammerheadShark(1,000lbs,viviparous,10xmorelikelytodetectprey)WhaleShark(47,000lbs,largestfishintheocean)Coelacanth(rostalorgan)Arowana(mouthbrooder)Piranha(abilitytodetectblood)Knifefish(cangenerateelectricalfieldsforprotection&communication)Pike(20%ofdietincludeotherpike)Dragonfish(canproduce&perceiveredandblue-greenlight,5000-7000ftdeep)Hatchetfish(usesphotophoresforcounterillumination,200to2000ftdeep)Lanternfish(photophoresforbioluminescence,1000to5000ftdeep).Californiagrunion(spawninsandyshores)Flyingfish(usespectoralfinstoguide160-1,300feet).Seahorses(maleshaveabroodpouch)Garibaldi(StateMarineFish)Clownfish(symbioticwithseaanemone)Marlin(canswim80mph)Porcupinefish(havetetrodoxin)KnowthefollowingReptiles&Amphibiansandinfofromthelabpictures:CaliforniaNewt(Juvenilecalledaneft,tarichatoxin)CaliforniaSlenderSalamander(lungless)AmericanBullfrog(call)PacificTreeFrog(call)GreenSeaTurtleDesertTortoise(95%oftheirlifespentinburrows)MataMata(FoundinSouthAmerica)Tuatara(NewZealand,notalizard,noexternalear)Chameleons(Changecolorsocialsignaling)Chuckwalla(inflatewithairbetweenrocks)DesertIguana(withstandhighbodytemps42C)GreenIguana(disposablepet)WesternFenceLizard(locallycommon,bluebelly)SideBlotchedLizard(locallycommon,darkspotonside)

HornedLizard(myrmecophagous,somecansquirtbloodfromtheeye)GilaMonster(oneofthreevenomouslizards)KingCobra(world’slargestvenomoussnake–18.8feet)CaliforniaKingSnake(non-venomous–eatothersnakes)WesternRattlesnake(recognizerattlesound,foundlocally)Gavial(longsnout)Alligator(widerushapedsnout)Crocodile(vshapedsnout,4thtoothonlowerjawsticksupwhenmouthisclosed)KnowthefollowingBirdsandinfofromthelabpictures:Archaeopteryx(Oneoftheoldestbirds,hasteeth,feathers,longclawandtail)Cardinal(redcolorduetocarotenoidsinberriesfromdogwoodtree)Red-WingedBlackbird(call,polygyny)SageGrouse(lekking)BrownHeadedCowbird(BroodParasite)GreatBlueHeronHarpyEaglePeregrineFalcon(220MPH)EuropeanStarling(IntroducedincentralparkbecauseofShakespeareanplays)Roadrunner(torpor)CactusWren(call,multiplenestfortemperatureregulation)Gambel’sQuail(BodyTempof104,canlose50%ofbodyweightinwater)BlackPhoebe(flycatcher,pumpstailupanddownwhenperched)WesternBluebird(lastyearoftenhelpsatnest)BarnOwl(call)GreatHornedOwl(call)Mockingbird(call)Bushtit(call)KnowthefollowingMammalsandinfofromthelabpictures:SpinyEchnida(Australia,appearsinthecretaceous)Duck-BilledPlatypus(Australia,appearsinthecretaceous)Koala(Australia,sleep20hoursaday,eateucalyptus)Aardvark(eatsants,fromsouthamerica)Capybara(fromSouthAmerica,largestrodentintheworld).FlyingLemur(haveaglidingmembranecalledapatagium)Gorillas(foundinforestsincentralAfrica,afolivorous(eatleavesandstems).Australopithecusafarensis(Lucy,easternAfrica,bipedalhominidwithasmallbrain).Australopithecusafricanus(largerbrainandmorehumanlike)MountainLion(largestofthesmallcats–theypurr,canweigh220lbs).Bobcat(mostcommonwildcatintheUS,canweigh20lbs).AfricanLion(oneofthefourlargecats,canweigh550lbs,social–unusualforcats)

Tiger(largestlivingcatspecies,670lbs)Leopard(smallestofthefour“bigcats”,abletoclimbtreeswithcarcass).Coyote(canrun25-40mph,plantsoftenmakeup40%ofdiet)Fox(malescalledreynards,femalescalledvixens)PolarBear(largestbearandweighsupto1500lbs)GiantPanda(nativetoChina,99%ofdietisbamboo,thumbismodifiedsesamoidbone)RedPanda(nativetoChina,eatsbambooandeggs,birds,insects,andsmallmammals).Wolverine(NorthernBorealForestsofCanada,Alaska,Russia–fierceandstrong)ElephantSeal(malescanweigh4,500lbs,spend80%oftheirlivesatsea).Zebras(abletosweatlikehumans)Rhinoceros(hornmadeofkeratin,prehensilelipwhichactslikeafinger)Hippopotamus(namemeansriverhorse)Caribou(alsoknownasreindeer,eatlichens)Eland(possessadewlapwhichisbelievedtohelploseheat).Blesbok(notgoodrunners)Lechwe(canruninfastinkneedeepwater).DikDik(typeofdwarfantelope,feeding-concentrateselectors).KnowthefollowingplantsandinfofromthelabphotosAshTree(usedtomakebaseballbats)CasterBean(sourceofricin–bioterrorism)Eucalyptus(fromAustralia)Flannelbush(trichomhairs–somepeopleareallergicto)Ginko(onlymalesplanted,femalesstink,fromChina)Toyon(Flowersinwinter,Hollyberry)WesternSycamore(Palmatelyveinedleaf)IndianHawthorn(droughttolerant,fromChina,plantedallover)CatalinaIronwood(ribbonbark,doubly-compoundleaves)FieldTripinfo:Beabletorecognizethefollowingfromourdesertandbeachtripandknowtheinformationwelearnedaboutthem:CreosoteBush,Periwinkle,OwlLimpet,Blue-BandedHermitCrab,StripedShoreCrab,NorrisTopShell,DeadMan’sFingers,TurbanSnail,WavyTurbanSnail,RedAlgae,FeatherBoaKelp,Willet,CactusWren,MockingBird,BlackPhoebe,Meerkat,Badger,Coati,Bobcat,MountainLion,AfricanWildDog,Hyena,Coyote,MexicanWolf,Black-CrownedNightHeron,GreatEgret,SnowyEgret,GreenHeron,GreatBlueHeron,AmericanKestrel,ArabianOryx,Camel,Cheetah,BarnOwl,GreatHornedOwl,GilaMonster,Leopard,Ring-tailedcat,andDesertIguana!!!

Bio2LabFinalStudyGuide:FORALLORGANISMS,beabletorecognizethemfromapicture/specimenormicroscopeslideand(ifyouhadtoknowthemonpreviouspracticals)knowwhatdiseaseorenvironmentalproblemthecause,howtheyaretransmitted,and/orhowtheyareused.Also,knowthebasictaxonomy(Kingdom,Phylum/Division,Class,Order,Family)foreachlistedIFwelearnedinclass(forexample,youdoneedtoknowthefamiliesofcertainplants,butnotthefamiliesofinsects).Fortheprotozoa,knowwhatsupergroupeachbelongstobutthatisit.Also,forallthevertebrateslisted,youneedtoknowthespecificthingswementionedinlabthatyouneededtoknow(howbigtheyare,wheretheyarefound,whattheyareusedfor,etcBUT,mostquestionswillbe“whatisittype”.).Forthetaxonomicgroupsthatwehad“choices”for,youwillnowneedtomemorize(ie,youwillneedtoknowtheordersofinsects…therewillbenosheet!).Thisstudyguidecovers99%ofthelabfinal.Bacteria,Archeae,Viruses1)Beabletorecognizethefollowingbacterialshapes:Cocci,Bacillus,Spirilium2)BeabletodistinguishbetweenGram+andGram–bacteria3)Knowthefollowingbacteria:Clostridium,E.Coli,Treponema,ChlamydiaProtozoa4)KnowTrypanosoma,Plasmodium,Giardia,Entamoeba,Dinoflagellates,Diatoms,Foramineferans.Fungi8)KnowRhizopus,Aspergillus,Chytrids.9)Knowthefollowingstructures:Conidia,asci,ascospores,Stipe,Cap,annulus,Gills,basidia,basidiospores)9)Knowwhataliverwortandmosslooklike.,makesureyouknowasporophytefromagametophyteKnowthefollowingplantsandwhatwelearnedaboutthem:BlackSage,CaliforniaBuckwheat,CaliforniaRedbud,CaliforniaSagebrush,CatalinaCherry,Cattails,CoastLiveOak,Coffeeberry,Encelia,Ginkgo,CaliforniaFanPalm,MexicanFanpalm,PineTrees,Manzanita,SouthernMagnolia,FremontCottonwood,Toyon,WesternSycamore,WalnutTree,WhiteAlder,WhiteSage,SugarBush,LemonadeBerry,Bulrush,CatalinaIronwood,FringeTree.Knowtherank(intermsofnumbersofspecies),theapproximatenumberofspecies,andbeabletoidentifythefollowingplantfamilies:Asteraceae,Orchidaceae,Fabaceae,Poaceae,Cactaceae,Crassulaceae,Apocynaceae,Lamiaceae.PlantStructureandFunction–Knowthestructuresanddifferencesbetweenamonocot/dicotroot/stem.Beabletoidentifyheartwood,sapwood,pith,vascularrays,secondaryphloem,vascularcambiumandcork.Beabletotellhowoldatreeis.

InvertebratesandStructures–Knowthefollowinganimalsandtheircorrespondingtaxonomy:Sponges,SeaJellies,Coral,Earthworms,Ascaris,BeefTapeworms(includingeachparasites),Trichnella,Nematodaworms(includingeachparasite),Lobsters/Crabs/Crayfish,Spiders,Scorpions,Ticks,Fleas,Coleoptera,Hymenoptera,Diptera,Lepidoptera,Orthropetra.Beabletorecognizethefollowingstructuresradula,pedicellaria,tubefeet,scolex,,polyp,medusa,cheliped,telson,uropod,Cervicalgroove,Aristotle’slantern,mandilbe,gills,labialpalps,AnteriorandPosteriorfootretractor,anteriorandposterioradductormuscles,pallialline,right/left/top/bottomshells,mantel,foot,openvs.closedambulacralgrooves.Alsothemakesureyouknowthetestis,ovary,shellgland,andyolkglandontheLiverfluke.Makesureyouknowthedifferentfinsfoundinfish:Heterocercalcaudalfin,Homocercalcaudalfin,pectoralfin,pelvicfin,analfins,anddorsalfins.Parotidglandsonatoad.Carapaceandplastronofaturtle.Myrmecophagousbehaviorofhornedlizards.Parthenogenesisofwhiptails.Zygodactylicfeetofchameleons.Protostomesvs.Deuterostomes,Diploblasticvs.Triploblasticanimals.Gastrovascularcavityvs.Alimentarycanal.Openvs.ClosedCirculatorySystems.Fish,Amphibians,&Reptiles–lamprey,hagfish,Greatwhiteshark,Mantaray,HammerheadShark,Coelacanth,gar,morayeel,hatchetfish,Loach,Sardine,catfish,salmon,grunion,seahorse,Sculpin,Garibaldi,Calif.Sheephead,Clownfish,MosquitoFish,Pike,Knifefish,Dragonfish,LanternFish,FlyingFish,Clingfish,Cowfish,OceanSunfish,Mullet,Halibut,Californianewt,Bullfrog,WesternToad,PacificTreeFrog,CaliforniaTreeFrog,RedspottedToad,Westernfencelizard,DesertHornedLizard,Southernalligatorlizard,SideBlotchedLizard,WesternRattlesnake,MojaveRattlesnake,Sidewinder,GopherSnake,CommonKingsnake,Gartersnake,DesertTortoise,Red-EaredSlider,DesertIguana,Matamata,InlandTaipanSnake,Alligator,Crocodile,GavialBirds–Knowthefollowingbirds:BlackPhoebe,EuropeanStarling,BrewersBlackbird,NorthernMockingBird,HouseFinch,HouseSparrow,GreatBlueHeron,SnowyEgret,GreatEgret,BlackCrownedNightHeron,GreenEgret,AcornWoodpecker,Bushtit,YellowRumped-Wabler,WesternBluebird,RoadRunner,Crow,TurkeyVulture,Mallard.Mammals–Knowthefollowingmammals:Opossum,elephants(both),pronghornantelope,bighornsheep,mt.lion,bobcat,bluewhale,orca,white-sideddolphin,zebra,coyote,redfox,brownbear,blackbear,grizzly,raccoon,otter,skunk,Calif.Sealion,HarborSeal,bat,beaver,groundsquirrel,desertcottontail,jackrabbit,Primateskulls(Gorilla,Orangutan,Chimp,Bonobo,Austraopithicus,Homo).SableAntelope,DefassaWaterbuck,Mouse,Oryx,CapeBuffalo,Lion,Leopard,WhiteRhino.OtherItems:Knowthefollowingorgansonanydissectionwedid:Liver,Kidney,Heart,Stomach,Gizzard,Pancreas,Trachea.MakesureyouknowwhatcityandcountytheDesert

andBeachtripswerein.Makesureyouknowwhatcausestidesandthedifferencesbetweenspringandneaptidesandthefourzonesfoundintheintertidalzoneandtheanimalsyouwouldfindinthere.Knowthefollowingsounds/calls:Bullfrog,PacificTreeFrog,GreatHornedOwl,BarnOwl,AcornWoodpecker,Cicada,Rattlesnake,BabyAlligator,Bushtit,MockingBird,FromourFieldtrips,makesureyouknow:CreosoteBush,Periwinkle,OwlLimpet,Blue-BandedHermitCrab,StripedShoreCrab,NorrisTopShell,DeadMan’sFingers,TurbanSnail,WavyTurbanSnail,RedAlgae,FeatherBoaKelp,Willet,CactusWren,MockingBird,BlackPhoebe,Meerkat,Badger,Coati,Bobcat,MountainLion,AfricanWildDog,Hyena,Coyote,MexicanWolf,Black-CrownedNightHeron,GreatEgret,SnowyEgret,GreenHeron,GreatBlueHeron,AmericanKestrel,ArabianOryx,Camel,Cheetah,BarnOwl,GreatHornedOwl,GilaMonster,Leopard,Ring-tailedcat,andDesertIguana!!!HowItwillplayout:Lecturefinalwillbeworth:200points.Also,Iwilltakeyourpercentoutofthat200andcountthatasathirdlectureexam.Iwillthencountthetop2outof3lectureexams.Sothefinalcountsasafinalandas3rdlectureexam.Thelabfinal/5thpracticum:Therewillbetwoexamsonthisday.First,BirdsandMammalswillberegular100pointlabpracticum.Thisscorewillcountasyour5thpracticum.Thesecondexamwillbeamultiple-choicecomprehensivepracticum.Thiswillcountasyourlabfinalworth100points.Thiswillalsocountasa6thpracticumandIwilltakethebest5ofthe6.Tomakesureyoudonotblowthislabfinal,itwillbemultiplechoiceandthestudyguideabovewillcover99%ofthelabfinalpracticum.