LIGHTING DESIGN OF COMMERCIAL
& RESIDENTIAL SPACES
Student :
Bharat Kumar Jeswani
MSc Interior Designer
Commercial Space Designer
Dezyne E’cole College
Light is a form of energy manifesting itself as electromagnetic
radiation and is closely related to other form of
electromagnetic radiation such as Gamma rays, X-rays, UV
rays, IR rays, Microwave rays and Radio rays.
What is Lighting What is Light
Radiation with a wavelength between 380 and 780
nanometers forms the visible part of the electromagnetic
spectrum and is therefore referred to as light. Visible part is
highlight in above picture.
Light are of two types (1) Natural Light and (2) Artificial Light.
Type of Light
Natural Light Artificial Light
Photometrics
There are four basic photometric units that lighting practitioners use for the quantitative measurement of light like Luminous flux(lm), Light intensity, Illuminance and Luminance.
CANDELA : It is equalent to the illumination of one standard candle.
FOOT CANDELA : It is the amount of illumination on a surface from a light
source of on candela that is a foot away from the surface.
ONE FOOT CANDELA =1 Lumen /Square foot.
ONE LUX : It Is the amount of illumination created by a light source of one
candela which is one meter away from the surface .
1LUX=1 Lumen /Square meter.
Units of Light
Units of Light
Units of Light
Luminous Efficacy
Luminous efficacy is a measure of how well a light source produces visible
light. The luminous efficacy of radiation describes how well a given
quantity of electromagnetic radiation from a source produces visible light.
• COLOUR TEMPERTURE is a characteristic of visible light. In practice, colour
temperature is only meaningful for light sources that do in fact correspond
somewhat closely to the radiation of some black body.
• The colour temperature of the electromagnetic radiation emitted from an ideal
black body is defined as its surface temperature in KELVINS.
• Colour temperatures over 5,000K are called cool colours (blueish white),
while lower colour temperatures (2,700-3,000 K) are called WARM
COLOURS (yellowish white through red).
Colour Temperature Outdoor/Indoor
Colour Temperature :
- Defined as the tone of light or how the light looks in terms of whiteness.
- Higher the colour temperature = whiter/cooler the light source.
- Unit measurement = Kelvin (K)
Colour Temperature Outdoor/Indoor
Colour
Temperature
Luminance Contrast
Glare Restriction
How to Restricate the Glare
• The colour rendering index (CRI), sometimes called colour rendition index, is
a quantitative measure of the ability of a light source to reproduce the colours
of various objects faithfully in comparison with an ideal or natural light source.
• Colour rendering: Effect of an illuminant on the colour appearance of objects
by conscious or subconscious comparison with their colour appearance
under a reference illuminant.
• Finishes should be evaluated under the type of lamp (lamp and/or daylight)
which will actually be used in the interiors.
• Colour rendition depends on lamp colour spectrum, reflective property of
surfaces and context and condition in room.
• Judgment of apparent surface colour depends also on the experience and
expectations of an individual with normal colour vision.
Colour Rendering Index(CRI)
Colour Rendering Index(CRI)
Colour Temperatures in the Kelvin Scale
3000K 5000K 6500K
Colour Temperatures in the Kelvin Scale
Warm light Day light Cool White
Lighting Fixture
Light fixture is integral part of building electrical system,
transforming energy into usable illumination.
Light fixture requires : electrical connection (power supply), lamp
holder, lamp (design to diffuse, reflect, focus light).
Form of lighting fixture, lighting source, light illumination : point
sources, linear sources, planar sources, volumetric sources.
Lighting Luminaire
An assembly used to house one or more light sources.
Also called lighting fixture.
Light socket
Light lamp
Luminaries
Light switch
Classification of Luminaires
Recessed
Ceiling Mounted
Track Mounted
Wall Mounted
Suspended
Architectural
Portable
Pole Mounted
Classification of Luminaires
Bollard
Outdoor
Wall washer
Ceiling washer
Floor washers
Uplighters
Down lighters
Spot light
Classification of Luminaires
Classification of Luminaires
Categories of Luminaires
Direct : 90 – 100% downward
Semi direct : 60 – 90% downward
General diffuse : 40 – 60% both downward and upward
Direct – indirect : little light is emitted in the horizontal plane
Semi – indirect : providing 60 – 90% of its output upward
Indirect : providing 90 – 100 of its luminous output upward.
Point Light Source
Focus on object or area great
brightness contrast highlight,
sparkle or rhythm.
Linear Light Source
Give direction outline shapes
emphasize the edges.
Planner Light Source Planar Light Source
Surface repetead linear
diffused illumination of area.
Volumetric Light Source
Light as volumetric
illumination expanded through
three-dimensional forms of
lamps.
Light Source
Lamp Holder connect to supply
Design of Lamp
Planner Light Source
General Light
Types of Lighting
Planner Light Source
Accent Light
Types of Lighting
Planner Light Source
Decorative Light
Types of Lighting
Planner Light Source Types of Lighting
Task Light
Planner Light Source Types of Lighting
Kinetic Light
Washlights are designed to provide uniform lighting over extensive surfaces,
mainly walls, ceilings, and floors, therefore. They are included in the group
downlights and louvered luminaries although washlights do have there own
luminaire forms.
Types Of Lighting
Wall washers
Ceiling washers
Floor washers
Spot Light
Light Structure
Integral Luminaries
Downlighters
Uplighters
Wash Light
Types of Lighting
Integral luminaires
Vaulted Ceiling
Suspended Ceiling
Types of Lighting
Integral luminaires
Vaulted Ceiling
Movable Luminaires
Planner Light Source Types of Lighting
Floor Wash Light
Planner Light Source Types of Lighting
Ceiling Wash Light
Planner Light Source Types of Lighting
Ceiling Wash Light
Planner Light Source Types of Lighting
Wall Wash Light
Planner Light Source Types of Lighting
Up Light
Planner Light Source Types of Lighting
Down Light
Planner Light Source Types of Lighting
Spot Light
Planner Light Source Beam angle of Spot Light
Artificial Light Source
Incandescent Lamps
Fluorescent Lamp
High-Intensity Discharge Lamps
Mercury Lamps
Metal Halide Lamps
High Pressure Sodium Lamps
Low Pressure Sodium Lamps
Electrodeless Lamps
High-Intensity Discharge Lamps
Compact are xenon & Mercury Lamps
Electroluminescent Lamps
Light Emitting Diodes (LED)
Carbon arc Lamps
Gaslights
Artificial Light Source
Artificial Light Source
Lighting Structure
Planner Light Source
What?
Hot Wire – Filament sealed in a glass
jar (Bulb)
How?
Electric current pass through the wire
heats it to incandescence, and the wire
emits light. Use standard voltage
circuit.
Incandescent Lamp
Planner Light Source
Inside the glass is a gas such as argon
and/or nitrogen. At the center of the
lamp is a tungsten filament. Electricity
heats this filament up to about 2,500
degrees Celsius. Just like any hot
metal, the tungsten gets “white hot” at
that heat and emits a great deal of
visible light in a process called
incandescence.
Incandescent Lamp
Planner Light Source
1. Glass Bulb
2. Vacuum or Gas Filled
3. Wire/Filament
4. 5. Lead-in Wires
6. Support Wires
7. Neck
8. 11. Electric Fuse
9. Base
Incandescent Lamp
Planner Light Source
Advantages:
Less Expensive
Easier to dim with rheostats
Warmer colour than fluorescent and thungsten-halogen lamps
Light output is relatively high
Excellent colour rendering
Can be dimmed
Disadvantages:
Energy Inefficient
Short Lamp Life Time
Warm Source
Incandescent Lamp
Planner Light Source
Shape of Lamps:
Around 100 combinations of glass and quartz bulb shapes and
sizes.
Symbols:
1st Part = One or more letters indicates the share of bulb
2nd Part = Number indicates diameter or the bulb in eights of an inch
Example : A19 = Arbitrary shaped, 19/8 inch diameter
Incandescent Lamp
Planner Light Source Incandescent Lamp
Incandescent Lamp
Planner Light Source
Base Identification:
1 Small Base: Bayonet, Bipin, Candelabra, Intermediate,
Miniature, Mini-Candelabra, Twist-And-Lock, Two-Pin.
2. Medium Base
3. Large Base : Mogul Screw, Mogul Bipost.
Incandescent Lamp
Planner Light Source Incandescent Lamp
Planner Light Source Incandescent Lamp
Planner Light Source Incandescent Lamp
Planner Light Source
Lamp Life Time:
1. Standard-Life Lamp : High temperature for the filament to operates,
emits more light, shorter life time – “burns out”
2. Long-Life Lamp : given wattage produces less light, designed for longer
life
Lamp Efficiency = Light Produced (Lumen, lm)
Electricity Consumed (Watts W)
_______________________
Light Output : Insert gas (Argon, Nitrogen, Krypton) slows bulb blackening
caused by condensation on the bulb wall
Incandescent Lamp
Planner Light Source
Bulbs are sold by WATTS – Measure of Power Consumed
Lumens tells how much light lamp emits
Hours of Operation is produced life-time (750-1000H, up to 2500H
for extended service lamps)
Energy Saving Lamp – reduced wattage, reduced light output
Incandescent Lamp
Planner Light Source
Lamps Types:
Non Directional : (emits light in all directions – A, C, G, P, PS,
S and T shapes, requires additional external elements for
brightness, glare and distribution control)
Semi Directional : (silver bowl or white bowl lamps, coating
on inner side of bulb, reduce filament glare)
Directional : (complete optical systems: source, reflector,
lens or filament shield R, AR, MR, PAR built-in beam control.
Incandescent Lamp
Planner Light Source
White Bowl Lamp Silver Bowl Lamp
Incandescent Lamp
Planner Light Source
PAR Lamp AR Lamp
Incandescent Lamp
Planner Light Source
Semi Directional
Incandescent Lamp
Planner Light Source
Left : R reflector lamp
with soft glass bulb
and ellipsoid reflector
with moderate
focusing power.
Right : PAR reflector
lamp with pressed
glass bulb and
powerful parabolic
reflector
R Lamp PAR Lamp
Incandescent Lamp
Planner Light Source Incandescent Lamp
Planner Light Source
MR 16 Base
Tungsten - Halogen
Planner Light Source
What?
Selected gas of the Halogen Family.
How?
Halogen gas combines with tungsten
molecules that sputter of the filament
deposits tungsten back on the
filament and emitsconstant level of
light.
Tungsten - Halogen
Planner Light Source
A helogen bulb has a filament made of
Tungsten, which glows when electricity
is applied, same as a regular
incandescent bulb.
The helogen gas removes the carbon
deposits on the inside of the bulb,
caused by the burning of the tungsten
filament, and redeposit it back on to the
filament, resulting in a light bulb which
can be bruned at a higher temperature.
Tungsten - Halogen
High operating
temperature (500C),
High colour
temperature
Quartz instead of
glass
Equiped with outer
bulb, glass cover,
mesh screen.
Tungsten - Halogen
Planner Light Source
Advantages :
High colour temperature make them “WHITER” than standard incandescent lamps.
Longer life time
Great efficiency
Compact in share and size
They come in many Shape and Sizes, some directional others not, some quite small others the size or regular bulbs, some fit into normal sockets other require special sockets and voltage to work.
Tungsten - Halogen
Planner Light Source Tungsten - Halogen
There are many different types of (single ended) TH lamp, the most
common ones are the G9 capsule lamp, GU10 spot lamp and linear
halogen lamps which are all domestic mains voltage, and G4 capsule lamp,
(integral reflector) , R16, MR11 spot lamps which are low voltage lamp.
Linear G4 G6.35 G9
Planner Light Source Tungsten - Halogen
GU10 MR11
Planner Light Source Low – Voltage Lamps
Low – Voltage Lamps – incandescent and tungsten helogen lamps that
operate between 6V and 75V.
Standard building current of 115V – 125V must be stepped down by the use
of transformer.
Low-voltage luminaries with integrated transformers are larger in size and
bulkier.
Practical system is line-voltage equipment.
Aluminum Reflection
Planner Light Source Low – Voltage Lamps
LOW VOLTAGE MULTIFACETED MIRROR REFLECTOR
(helogen lamp)
Planner Light Source
LOW VOLTAGE PAR56
(helogen lamp)
Low – Voltage Lamps
Planner Light Source Colored Light Bulbs
COLORED CERAMIC ENAMEL
Planner Light Source Coloured Filters
Hue – quality in red or green
Saturation - strength or depth of colour
Brightness - quantity of light
Planner Light Source Gelatin Filters (“GELS”)
Thin transparent coloured plastic sheet in vide variety of colours, as
well as multicolored and diffused sheets. Short service life – colour
fades rapidly.
Planner Light Source Interference Filters
One or more layers of ultrathin film coating on clear glass that reflects
rather than absorb unwanted wavelength. They transmit one colour, and
reflect the complementary colour.
Reflection and Transmission by Interference Filters
What?
Gas, phosphor, catode,
discharge
How?
Light is produced by passage
of an electric current through a
vapor or gas, rather than
through a tungsten wire as in
incandescent lamp.
Discharge Lamps
Fluorescent Lamp
The classic fluorescent lamp design, which has fallen mostly by
the wayside, used a special starter switch mechanism to light up
the tube.
The conventional starter switch is a small discharge bulb,
containing neon or some other gas. The bulb has two electrodes
positioned right next to each other. When electricity is initially
passed through the bypass circuit, an electrical arc jumps
between these electrodes to make a connection. This arc lights
the bulb in the same way a larger arc lights a fluorescent bulb.
Fluorescent Lamp
Fluorescent Lamp
Fluorescent Lamp
Advantages :
Heat is relatively low
Energy efficient
Range from low grade to high grade
Long lamp life
Usually Cool source
Control gears
Disadvantages :
Colour temperature
Require ballast : preheat, instant-start, rapid-start
Requires controlling elements for glare control
Fluorescent Lamp
Types :
1. Cold Cathode
2. Hot Cathode
Shape :
1. U-Bent Shape
2. Circuline Shape
3. Compact Fluo-Lamp
Shape
Compact Fluorescent Lamps
Equipment required to control the starting and operating voltages of electrical
gas discharge lights.
Ballast/Driver
Integrated
Ballast
(CFL)
Magnetic
Ballast
(Traditional)
Electronic
Ballast
High Intensity Discharge Lamp
Type of electrical gas-discharge lamp which produces light by means of an
electric arc between tungsten electrodes housed inside a translucent or
transparent fused quartz or fused alumina arc tube.
This tube is filled with both gas and metal salts. The gas facilitates the arc’s
initial strike. Once the arc is started, it heats and evaporates the metal salts
forming a plasma, which greatly increases the intensity of light produced by
the arc and reduces its power consumption. High-intensity discharge lamps
are a type of arc lamp.
High Intensity Discharge Lamp
High Intensity Discharge Lamp
High Intensity Discharge Lamp
High Intensity Discharge Lamp
High Intensity Discharge Lamp
High Intensity Discharge Lamp
When energy efficiency and/or light intensity are desired.
These areas include gymnasiums, large public areas, warehouses, movie
theatres, football stadiums, outdoor activity areas, roadways, parking lots, and
pathways.
Ultra-High Performance (UHP)HID lamps are used in LCD or DLP projection
TV sets or projection displays as well.
LED Light
Red and Infrared LEDs are made with gallium arsenide
Bright Blue is made with GN -gallium nitride
White LEDs are made with yttrium aluminium garnet
There are also orange, green, blue, violet, purple, ultraviolet LEDs.
LED Light
Benefits of LED Light
Benefits of LED Lighting 1
LED lights are usually around 3mm -
8mm long. The small size and profile of
the LED lights allow them to be used
where other light bulbs may not fit.
Size of LED
Benefits of LED Lighting
Size of LED
2 Benefits of LED Light Benefits of LED Lighting 2 Where other lights give off more energy by
shinning in different areas, LED lights only shine in
a specific direction becoming more efficient.
Efficiency
2 Benefits of LED Light Benefits of LED Lighting 2 Efficiency
3 Benefits of LED Light 2 Benefits of LED Light Benefits of LED Lighting 3 Life
35,000 to 50,000 hours, compared to 750 to 2,000 hours for an
incandescent bulb, 8,000 to 10,000 hours for a compact
fluorescent and 20,000 to 30,000 hours for a linear florescent bulb.
3 Benefits of LED Light 2 Benefits of LED Light Benefits of LED Lighting 4 LEDs remain cool. In addition, since they contain no glass components, they are not
vulnerable to vibration or breakage like conventional bulbs. LEDs are thus better
suited for use in areas like sports facilities and high-crime locations.
Temperature
3 Benefits of LED Light Benefits of LED Light
Temperature
3 Benefits of LED Light Benefits of LED Light
Temperature
3 Benefits of LED Light 2 Benefits of LED Light Benefits of LED Lighting 5 LED light are available in different colour. We can enhance the aesthetic look of our
House and Building by use of these colourful LEDs.
Colourful
3 Benefits of LED Light Benefits of LED Light
Temperature
3 Benefits of LED Light 2 Benefits of LED Light Benefits of LED Lighting 6 LED light are good as per beam angle. It use maximum efficiency.
Wide Beam angle
LEDs are just tiny light bulbs
that fit easily into an electrical
circuit. But unlike ordinary
incandescent bulbs, they don’t
have a filament that will
burnout, and they don’t get
especially hot. They are
illuminated solely by the
movement of electrons in a
semiconductor material, and
they last just as long as a
standard transistor. The lifespan
of an LED surpasses the short
life of an incandescent bulb by
thousands of hours.
3 Benefits of LED Light LED Lighting
LED Reflector
Uses of LED Light
• For Automobile field
1
Uses of LED Light
• For Commercial Field
2
Uses of LED Light
• For Hosptilarty
3
Uses of LED Light
• For Hosptilarty
• For Retail Area
Uses of LED Light 4
Uses of LED Light
• For Retail Area
Uses of
LED Light
• For Residential Area
5
Uses of LED Light office
• For Office
6
Comparison of LED Light with other light
• LED vs. Fluorescent tube
Comparison of LED Light with other light
• LED vs. CFL
Comparison of LED Light with other light
• LED vs. Incandescent
Lamps
Halogen MR16
GU 5-3
Incandescent
Stan. E27
Halogen OR111
G53
Halogen PAR
E27
Lamps
PLC compact
fluorescent lamp CFL compact
fluorescent lamp
E27
Fluorescent CFL
spiral E27 Fluorescent
megamun liliput
E27
Lamps
Fluorescent TL
T5
LED MR16
GU5-3
LED Tubular
Lamp Fluorescent TL
T8
Lamps
LED
LED Strip
LED Flexi
Light
LED Strips
(Plat)
LED Strip
Lamps
LED
Linesta
LED
LED Tape
Lamps
Fiber Optics
Lamps
Fiber Optics
Lamps
Cold Cathode
Thank You
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