COPYRIGHT & CREATIVITY: GETTING BALANCE BACK
HOW DO COPYRIGHT POLICIES INHIBIT
THE GROWTH
OF DIGITAL
CULTURE?
“Standing on the shoulders of
giants.”
Collapse of business models (incumbents’ problem)
Copyright imbalance (emergent users’ problem)
TWO CHALLENGES:
BUSINESS MODELS COLLAPSING P2P, Piracy, Downloading, Etc.
NEW YORK, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 4, 2012
THE IMBALANCE PROBLEM
• It’s hard to license
• It’s hard to find out who owns it
• We’re locked out and punished if we break the locks
• We’re not sure what the balancing features of our laws are
WHEN WE TRY TO USE EXISTING CULTURE TO MAKE NEW CULTURE:
LICENSING • Usually time-limited • Too many layers • Too many regions
SOLUTION:
WAIT…
+
BUILD AN ARTIFICIAL PUBLIC DOMAIN BY TWEAKING LICENSES • GPL (free software license) &
Creative Commons licenses …enabling new pools of content
• Open source software
• Open CourseWare
“ORPHAN WORKS”
TECH/LEGAL PRE-EMPTION OF BALANCING RIGHTS • DMCA (US)
• EU Copyright Directive
PATCHES: • Citizen participation in legislation (NZ; France)
• Press on exemptions (U.S.)
BALANCING RIGHTS USING
THE LIST APPROACH
AMERICAN UNIVERSITY’S FAIR USE PROJECT centerforsocialmedia.org/fairuse
Fair Use Project
JUDGES LOVE FAIR USE
INDIVIDUALS FEAR… • Will I get it wrong?
• Will I get sued? $125K+ per infringement!!)
• Will my boss/librarian/client get angry?
BEST PRACTICES
• Knowledge of the law
• Awareness of problem
• Define interpretation of fair use
• Documentary filmmakers
• Film scholars
• Media literacy teachers
• More
DOCUMENTARY FILMMAKERS
RESULTS • Broadcasters program films • Cablecasters program films • Filmmakers develop new
kinds of projects • Television/web companies
expand their plans • All insurers of errors and
omissions insurance now accept fair use claims
ENGLISH TEACHERS
MEDIA LITERACY CATEGORIES
• Teaching with copyrighted material
• Using copyrighted material in curriculum materials
• Circulating curriculum materials with copyrighted material in them
• Student use of copyrighted materials in their work
• Circulating student work
ONLINE VIDEO
ONLINE VIDEO CODE • Comment/critique
• Illustration/example
• Accidentally/incidentally
• Preserve/recall
• Discuss
• Collage
U.S. MOVEMENT • Film scholars • Archivists • Open Courseware • Int’l Communication Ass’n • Business (“we wouldn’t
even be talking if…”)
FIRST STEPS OF INTERNATIONAL MOVEMENT TO USE EXEMPTIONS
• Canadian filmmakers • Mexican filmmakers • EU filmmakers • South African filmmakers
TO JOIN THE MOVEMENT • Document the problem • Research the reality • Define the opportunity
Please feel free to share this presentation in its entirety. For excerpting, kindly employ the principles of fair use.
CONTACT INFO Pat Aufderheide Center for Social Media School of Communication American University Washington, DC [email protected] 202-885-2069
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