International Telecommunication Union
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
Basic NGN ArchitectureBasic NGN ArchitecturePrinciples & IssuesPrinciples & Issues
Keith KnightsonRapporteur Q3/13 (Architecture)
Industry Canada
2dates
ITU-T
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
NGN Definition
Next Generation Network (NGN): a packet-based network able to provide telecommunication services and able to make use of multiple broadband, QoS-enabled transport technologies and in which service-related functions are independent from underlying transport-related technologies.
It enables unfettered access for users to networks and to competing service providers and/or services of their choice. It supports generalized mobility which will allow consistent and ubiquitous provision of services to users.
ITU-T Recommendation Y.2001
3dates
ITU-T
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
What’s Old: Vertically-Integrated Networks
TelephoneServices
DataServices (WWW,
e-mail, etc)
Video Services
(TV, movie, etc)
TelephoneServicesNetwork
VideoServicesNetwork
DataServicesNetwork
Pre-NGN
4dates
ITU-T
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
What’s New:Horizontally-integrated Network
NGN Transport
NGN Services
Telephone Services
Data Services (WWW, e-mail, etc)
Video Services (TV, movie, etc)
Point to point, Point to multipoint, Multipoint to multipoint
Point to point, Point to multipoint, Multipoint to multipoint
ITU-T Recommendation Y.2011
5dates
ITU-T
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
Effects of Separation: the good, the bad and the ugly
o Good:• Any service over a single IP transport network
o Bad:• Two different levels of control, authentication,
admission, charging, etc.
o Ugly:• QoS selection, QoS control, transport resource
allocation, monitoring, accounting for usage.
6dates
ITU-T
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
Decoupling Services from Transport Network
ApplicationServices
TransportServices
Retail
Subscriber NAP NSP/ASP
A10U
Service Management
Service infrastructure
Billing AAAResourceManagement
ServiceInstance
Wholesale
Settlement
Service Management
Service infrastructure
Billing AAAResourceManagement
ServiceInstance
7dates
ITU-T
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
Re-distribution of service intelligence
Migration ofService Intelligence
UserDomain
CoreDomain
Access
DomainUser
Domain
Access
Domain
8dates
ITU-T
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
Basic Functional Architecture
Transport stratum
Service stratum
MediaHandlingFunctions
AccessFunctions
Othernetworks
OthernetworksCustomer
Functions
TransportUser
Profile Functions
Application Functions
GatewayFunctions
Transport Control Functions
Control
Media
NNIUNI
EdgeFunctions
Network Attachment
Control Functions
Core Transportfunctions
Core TransportFunctions
AccessTransportfunctions
AccessTransportFunctions
Service and ControlFunctions
ServiceUser
Profile Functions
Man
agem
ent F
unct
ions
9dates
ITU-T
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
End-User Services in NGN R1
o All 3GPP IMS Services delivered to fixed line systems
o PSTN replacement and legacy services
o IMS extensions to accommodate regulatory requirements (emergency, disaster relief, etc.)
o QoS-enabled transport
o Secure IP network
o Mobility (continuous where available, global requirement limited to nomadism for R1)
o Global Interconnect (other NGNs, PSTN/ISDN, Public Internet, etc.)
10dates
ITU-T
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
Release 1 Service & Capabilities
u Service Typesl PSTN/ISDN Emulation servicesl PSTN/ISDN Simulation servicesl Multimedia services l Internet access l Other services (data services etc.)l Public service aspects (LI, ETS/TDR, etc.)
u Service Capabilities l Basic network capabilities l Service support capabilitiesl Open Service Environment l Service Enablersl PSTN/ISDN Emulation support
l Public service support capabilities
11dates
ITU-T
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
Multimedia Services
• Real-time Conversational Voice services • Instant messaging (IM)• Push to talk over NGN (PoN) • Point to Point interactive multimedia services, including interactive real-
time voice, video and other media (videotelephony, whiteboarding, etc.) • Collaborative interactive communication services: support of multimedia
conferencing with file sharing and application sharing, e-learning, gaming.
• Group Messaging • Content delivery services• Push-based services• Broadcast/Multicast Services • Hosted and transit services for enterprises (IP Centrex, etc.) • Information services, such as cinema ticket information, motorway traffic
status, advanced push services, etc.• Presence and general notification services • 3GPP Release 6 and 3GPP2 Release A OSA-based services
12dates
ITU-T
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
Other Services• Data retrieval applications, such as tele-software.• Data communication services, such as data file transfer, electronic
mailbox and web browsing• Online applications (online sales for consumers, e-commerce, online
procurement for commercials) • Sensor Network services• Remote control/tele-action services, such as home applications
control, telemetry, alarms etc.• Over-the-Network Device Management
Public Service Aspects• Lawful Intercept.• Malicious call trace• User identity presentation and privacy• Emergency Communications (ETS/TDR)• Users with disabilities• Carrier selection• Number portability
13dates
ITU-T
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
Component/subsystem viewpoints
Resource and Admission Control Functionality
RACS
Based on3GPP IMS
IP ConnectivityAccess NetworkAnd related functionality
Network AttachmentFunctionality
NASS
Other Multimedia Components …
Streaming Services (RTSP based)
Applications
Core transport Network
3GPP IP-CAN
Access Transport Network
3GPP Terminals
NGN Terminals
CustomerNetworks
UserProfiles
Other N
etworks
LegacyTerminals
GW
PSTN / ISDN Emulation(SIP-I based)
IP Multimedia Component (Core IMS )
(SIP based)
14dates
ITU-T
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
Changing Environment (1)
DHCP, MobilityStatic Addresses
Hackers everywhereTrust
Flow stateNo flow state
User EmpowermentNetwork empowerment
QoS “guarantee”User back-off
Real-time demandsBandwidth demands
Best Effort
MPLSConnectionless
NATs/Firewalls/serversPeer-to-peer
Packet inspection/NATsE2E transparency
New RequirementsOriginal Requirements
15dates
ITU-T
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
Changing Environment (2)
Commercialization, competition, consumer choice
Research/Defense use
Protocol mazeSimple protocol layering
Inter-layer coupling?Layer Independence
Access & Core Domains Flat network
Mass public residential services, multi-terminal multi-QoS
Terminal-to-host, BE
QoS (implies deliberate unfairness)
Fairness
New RequirementsOriginal Requirements
16dates
ITU-T
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
Next Generation Internet: Papers of Interest
• Developing a Next Generation Internet Architecture, Bob Braden, David Clark, et al.
• Role-based Architecture, Bob Braden, Ted Faber.
• A new architecture for an Internet, David Clark, Steve Bellovin, Bob Braden, Noel Chiappa, Ted Faber. Scott Schenker, John Wroclawski, et al.
• RFC 2775, Internet Transparency. Brian Carpenter.
• RFC 3439, Some Internet Architectural Guidelines and Philosophy, R.Bush, D Meyer.
• IAB Concerns Regarding Congestion Control for Voice Traffic in the Internet, Sally Floyd, James Kempf
• Making the world (of communications) a different place, Report of a working session of the End-to-End Research Group, Version 4 3/24/05, David D. Clark, Craig Partridge, Robert T. Braden (chair), et al.
• Rethinking the design of the Internet: The end to end arguments vs. the brave new world, Marjory S. Blumenthal & David D. Clark.
* Just a small sample
17dates
ITU-T
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
A Golden Opportunity for Collaboration
o A recognition in both organizations that some new approaches may be required?
o What kind of changes are required and/or foreseen?
o Could/should the expertise of the ITU-T and the IETF be jointly applied to create the principles and architectural framework for next generation networks?
18dates
ITU-T
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
Obtain Respective Views on Architectural Issues such as: 1
o Role of Edge-based Servers:• E2E violation• Packet inspection• Admission control
o Application selectable QoS:• Lack of adequate classes• Lack of standardized protocol mappings• Explicit bandwidth selection
19dates
ITU-T
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
Obtain Respective Views on Architectural Issues such as: 2
o QoS in Access:• Multiple terminals, multiple QoS• End-user Application selection of QoS• Role of Home Gateway (shaping, limiting)• Home gateway control
o Distributed network control of/for QoS path:• Horizontal means• Vertical means• Monitoring, dynamic allocations, accounting
o Network Control and Management• Protect from attack• Separation from payload paths• Inter-domain co-ordination
20dates
ITU-T
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
No conclusions, only Questions
o Do the ITU-T and IETF have different views on the architecture of next generation networks?
o Can a number of differences (if any) be identified and catalogued for study?
o Can ITU-T and IETF collaborate with a view to eliminating or (at least minimizing) any differences wherever possible?
21dates
ITU-T
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
22dates
ITU-T
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
23dates
ITU-T
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
Y.2011: Basic Functional Architecture
Resources
Services
ServiceControl Functions
TransportControl Functions
ServiceManagement Functions
TransportManagement Functions
Application, Middleware & Baseware services
NGNService
NGNTransport
Transfer Functional Area
24dates
ITU-T
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
Home Gateway Functionality
CustomerPremiseNetwork
HomeRoutingGateway
Set Top Box
Set Top Box
NetworkTerminating
Unit10/100Base-T
Television
Desktop PC Desktop PC
OtherDevices,
Appliances,etc
….….….….IP
phone
Television
QoS per device/terminal
25dates
ITU-T
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
Wireline Access Architecture
Access Network
DSLModem/RG
User 1
User 2
T
A10-ASP
A10-NSP
ASP 1
NSP 2
UCPN
NSP 1
AccessNode
L2Agg
BRAS
A10-NSP
L2TS
RIP
L2TP
IP-QoS
RAN
Regional Network
26dates
ITU-T
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
Mobility Requirements
Network
Device Mobilty Domain
User/ServiceMobilty Domain
27dates
ITU-T
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
Generic Functional Architecture
Management
Transport Adaptation
Transport
Transport Resource / Policy Control Function
TMGF
SGF
Transport Resource &
Enforcement Functions
TrafficMeasurement
Function
PGF
T. Authentication &Authorization
Function
Mobility Support Function
T.Network Access Control Function
AMGF
TerminalFunction
Access Relay Function
Session & C
all Control
Application
S.Authentication & Authorization Function
Application Gateway Function
Application Server Function(may include own Authentication, Authorization and Accounting)
PGCF
Session Control ProxyFunction
All lines of this type attach to the corresponding input line at the CCF within session & call control
Scope of NGN
Netw
ork Border Other NGN
other IP MMNetwork
(e.g. IMS)
PSTN/ISDN
Internet
Connection point
T.Network Access Process Function
Packet Transport Function
MediaResourceProcessingFunction
T-1
T-3T-20
T-7
T-4
LS FunctionUser Profile DB Function
Registration Function
T-6
T-8
T-9
T-13
T-12
T-11
T-15
T-16
T-18
S-1
S-4
S-9
S-10
S-11 S-12
S-13
S-17
S-18
A-1
A-2
MGCFAGCF
Session Control FunctionS-19
Media Resource Control Function
Man
agem
ent F
unct
ion
28dates
ITU-T
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
IMS Architectural Component
MGW
MGCF CSCF
BGCF
CSCF BGCF
SLF
P - CSCF
MRFP
MRCF
Mk
M i Mw
Dx
Cx
Mr
Mg
Mw
Mj
PSTN
Mn
Mp
Mm
Mb Gq Gm
Sh
Dh
ISC
HSS
Other IP Multimedia Networks
PSTN
IP Connectiv ity Access Network
Mb
UE
AS
Mb
Mb
(AAA+DB)
29dates
ITU-T
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
Fixed to Mobile convergence (1)
….….….….
IP AccessNetwork
BaseStation
Controller
UMANetwork
Controller
Radio AccessNetwork
CoreMobile
Network
Dual ModeHandset
WiFi
How to integrate with fixed VoIP service?Cross Architectural impacts?
30dates
ITU-T
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
Fixed to Mobile convergence (2)
IP AccessNetwork
BaseStation
Controller
GANC(UMA)Network
Controller
Radio AccessNetwork
GSM/IMS CoreService
Architecture
UMA-enabledDual Mode
Handset
WiFi
RG
VoIPSIP
Server
TunnelledIMS stack
Native IPStack
SIPFixed/wireless Telephone
IPCore
Transport
….….….….
….….….….
31dates
ITU-T
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
Traffic shaping at user site
PPP Access (BE or AF)
PTA
ASPAccess
Classifier
Data In
Data Out
EFRL
BE
AF1
AF2
AF3
AF4
RL
BE
S
RL
RL
PTA = PPP Termination AggregationRL = Rate LimiterS = Scheduler
EFRL
AF1
AF2
AF3
AF4
RL
32dates
ITU-T
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
Summary of Work in SG13• Y.2001: NGN Overview
• NGN Definition, Characteristics & Subject Areas
• Y.2011: General Reference Model• Identify high-level paradigms• Separation of concerns, services from networks• Identify emerging NGN-generic issues• Architectural principles• OSI model relevance• G.805 relevance
• Y.FRA: Functional Requirements & Architecture • Service control functions• Transport control functions• Mobility management functions• Wireless and Fixed access• IMS positioning• Multi-terminal/multi-QoS Home Gateway