BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans
David B. MacFarlanefor PEP-II MAC Meeting
December 13, 2004
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 2
BABAR CollaborationGathering at SLAC, July 2004
11 Countries80 Institutions593 Physicists
Sep 2004
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 3
BABAR & Belle physics results
BABAR Belle
Publications 118 102
Papers submitted to ICHEP
72 70
Parallel session talks at ICHEP
22 21
A hundred flowers blossoming at ICHEP04 from both Collaborations: far too many
results to cover here!
Link to ICHEP04 talks and conference papers from BABAR
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 4
Initial goals for B Factories
Apex at
,
0 0B - B mixing
)B and ( b c
( )b u
0,1 0,0
*arg ; arg ; ubtdV V
2 2 iubud
cbcd
V Ve
V V
2 2(1 ) itbtd
cbcd
V Ve
V V
1
2
3
Exploring CKM picture or alternative origins for CP
violation
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 5
sin2 results from charmonium modes
BABAR PUB-04/038Update for ICHEP04
sin 2 0 722 0.040 0.023/ 0.950 0.031 0.013
.A A
0( ) (CP odd) modesScc K
1205 on peak or 227 pairs7730 CP events (tagged signal)fb M BB 1140 on peak or 152 pairs
4347 CP events (tagged signal)fb M BBLimit on
direct CPV
sin 2 0 728 0.056 0.023/ 1.007 0.041 0.033
.A A
BBelleelle20032003BBelleelle20032003
BBAABBARARBBAABBARAR
0
0
( ) +( )
S
L
cc Kcc K
Belle CONF-0436
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 6
Summary of constraints on
Mirror solutions
disfavored
o
From combined
, , results:
9100 10
o
indirect constraint fi t: 98 16
CKM
BABAR & BABAR & Belle Belle
combinedcombined
BABAR & BABAR & Belle Belle
combinedcombined
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 7
Combined GLW and ADS constraint on
o
indirect constraint
8fi t: 58 7
CKM
o
From combined
GLW and ADS fi t:
2051 34
BABAR & BABAR & Belle Belle
combinedcombined
BABAR & BABAR & Belle Belle
combinedcombined
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 8
B Factories have been very successful! First precise test for CKM picture of CPV sin2 = 0.726±0.037, precision measurement
(5%) Progress on other angles
from S and Dalitz
o 2 from from (w/ D Daltiz)
And on sideso Paradigm change!
Now: looking for New Physics as
correction to CKM
(*)B D B DK
, ,cb cb dV V m
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 9
Possible New Physics addition: SUSY MSSM parameters > 100! squark/slepton mass matrix
o Sensitive to SUSY breaking mechanism. o New sources of flavor mixing
2q ijm
211m
212m
213m
221m
222m
223m
231m
232m
233m
[masses + mixing angles + phases]
iq jqiq jq
2q 23(13)(m )
Off-diagonal termsFlavor Physics atluminosity frontierDiagonal terms:LHC/ILC atenergy frontier
b and are both 3rd generation:probe both 32, 31 transitions
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 10
Potential New Physics contributions
0B
b ss
sd
d
W
g
, ,u c t
“Internal Penguin”
0SK
0B
0SK
0 0 B K
0 0 B K
0SK
0B
b
s
s
sd d
0SK
0B
b
s
s
sd d
SUSY contribution with new phases
New physics in loops?
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 11
Averages for sin2 and s-penguin modes
3.6s from s-penguin to sin2b
(cc)
No sign of Direct CP in averages
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 12
2004
PEP II Luminosity Projections
2006 1.8 x 1034
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
Year
Inte
gra
ted
Lu
min
os
ity
( f
b-1
)
0
5
10
15
20
25
Pe
ak
Lu
min
os
ity
[1
0**
33
]
Yearly Integrated Luminosity [fb-1]
Cumulative Integrated Luminosity [fb-1]
Peak Luminosity [10**33]
Yearly Integrated Luminosity [fb-1] 3 23 41 39 62.6 107.3 109.6 187.8 298.6 331.3 339.5
Cumulative Integrated Luminosity [fb-1] 3 26 67 106 168.6 275.9 385.5 573.3 871.9 1203.2 1542.7
Peak Luminosity [10**33] 1 2 4.4 5 7.5 10 13 18 21 23 23
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
0.5 ab-1
Original run plan from Sep
2004
Calendar Year
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 13
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40Ja
n-03
Jul-
03
Jan-
04
Jul-
04
Jan-
05
Jul-
05
Jan-
06
Jul-
06
Jan-
07
Jul-
07
Jan-
08
Jul-
08
Jan-
09
Jul-
09
Err
or
on
sin
e am
pli
tud
eProjections for Penguin Modes
K*
5 discovery region if non-SM physics is 0.30 effect
2004=240 fb-1
2009=1.5 ab-1
Similar projections for Belle as
well
Projections are statistical errors only; but systematic errors at few percent
level
Luminosity expectation
s:
20092004
( ) 0.30S f0KS
KS0
KS
’KS
KKKS
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 14
BABAR Detector
DIRC PID)144 quartz
bars11000 PMs
1.5T solenoid
EMC6580 CsI(Tl) crystals
Drift Chamber40 layers
Instrumented Flux Return
iron / RPCs or LSTs (muon / neutral hadrons)
Silicon Vertex Tracker
5 layers, double sided strips
e
(3.1GeV)
e (9GeV)
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 15
RPC replacement & DCH readout upgrade Replacing barrel RPCs with Limited-Streamer
Tubeso Major collaboration effort involving SLAC and other west coast
institutions, Princeton, OSU, and Italian institutionso Fast tracked: 1/3rd for installation in summer 2004, 2/3rd in
summer 2005
DCH readout modificationso Potential DAQ bottleneck (deadtime source) in 2005 &
beyond• FADC decimation implemented this summer• Hardware upgrade planned for summer 2005, which could
be implemented in 1 month down
Major hardware intervention: involves significant number of people and resources, originally planned on the basis of
summer 04 & 05 installation
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 16
IFR upgrades
o 6 layers: filled with brass
o 12 layers: LSTs replace RPCs
o 2 sectors completed in summer 2004
o 4 more in future
Barrel: in progress
Fwd Endcap: complete
o 6 layers: filled with brass
o 12 layers: RPCs replaced
o New outer RPC, corner coverage
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 17
Barrel RPC average efficiency
Overall efficiency trend for barrel has stabilized since 2002 shutdown
But looking in more detail…reduced negative trend is still there
With the current slope, average barrel RPC efficiency could drop to ~20% by summer 2006
Concurrently, the fraction of dead modules is steadily increasing
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Dead module fraction
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 18
Muon identification efficiency
— 2000 NN — 2003 NN— 2001 NN — 2004 NN— 2002 NN 2000 cut-based
Improvements in the muon selectors have significantly alleviated the
effect of decreasing RPC efficiency
~90% ~70%
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 19
QC & selection of LST modules
CEH assembly area
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 20
LST bottom sextant installation
Backward side
Before: Aug 15
After: Sep 4
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 21
LST top sextant installation
Brass
z-strips
LST Modules
Installation:Sep 16-29
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 22
Cosmic ray muon in new BABAR IFRRecorded Sept 30, 2004
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 23
DCH electronics upgrade Motivation:
o Reduce deadtime due to serialization and shipping of data from DIOM to ROM
Upgrade in two steps:o Phase 1 (2004):
Ship only half the waveform information (3216 bytes) firmware change
o Phase 2 (2005): Modify FPGA to do feature extraction before transmission hardware change
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 24
DCH electronics upgrade Phase I successful:
o Firmware modifications (new PROMS) tested on Proto-II
o All FEAs taken off the chamber, modified and mounted again
o Cosmics taken at IR2 (EMC trig, no B-field) and put through OPR
o FastMon plots show no problems
Plans for Phase II:o Design review Dec 7o Install one FEA-2 board after
X-mas shutdowno Full system ready for
installation summer 2005
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 25
Future shutdown requirements
Installation taskso Open barrel to allow LST installation in remaining 4
sextants (4 months)o Remove and modify DCH front-end assemblies (few weeks
in parallel)o Remove support tube, install new diamond sensors for SVT
radiation monitoring, but not SVT modules (3 months, mostly in parallel)
In process of optimizing timing of shutdown, with constraint of maintaining competitiveness
Have concluded that replacement of horizontal modules in SVT is not
warranted
Long-standing BABAR goal: 500 fb-1 of 4S data by summer 2006 = double present data
sample
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 26
SVT L1-Signal/Noise vs dose
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
0 5 10 15 20 25Dose (Mrad)
No
ise
(ele
ctro
ns)
0
5
10
15
20
25
Sig
nal
/No
iseDetector Leakage
Electronics noiseTotal NoiselS/N
5Mrad limit: Soft S/N deterioration
S/N = 10 at 5 Mrads, S/N = 6 at 10 Mrads
Radiation damage limits of SVT
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 27
o Resolutionis degraded
o Roughly6µm/10%
o Double at 20% occupancy
20%
20%
HOT RMS Residuals
Occupancy affects performance both in terms of resolution and efficiency
20% occupancy limit is our working hypothesis
Hit efficiency
Hit efficiency vs. occupancy studied using data collectedduring vacuum leak
SVT occupancy limits
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 28
Non-midplane modules: not a problem
Midplane modules: starts to be a problem in 2006
Petersen
4 Mrad
Radiation dose extrapolations
5 Mrad
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 29
Studies on the impact of physics results have been performed for a number of scenarios where we lose the functionality of a different number of chips in the mid-plane
35.3%
34.5%
B J/s
Example from most sensitive modes: soft from B D*
56%51%
Set E = 2 midplanechips off inL1& 2 (32 ICs)
Scenarios with mid-plane L1-2modules off:(UNREALISTIC)
Mazur
Impact of middle plane loss
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 30
Use fitted background parametrization from present experience to extrapolate to future running conditions
PetersenYEAR 2004
YEAR 2007 For many chips, occupancy
could be the real limiting
factor independent of radiation damage
Extrapolated occupancy
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 31
Shutdown length for LSTs and support tube Open detector, clear slots, install LSTs, close
detectoro 11 rigging shifts/week; 6x10 hour LST installation shifts/weeko 3.5 days for brass, 8 days for z-strips + modules, both per
sextanto Total of about 4 months calendar time
Remove and install support tube (not yet integrated)o About 3 weeks in each direction based on previous
experienceo Assume 1+1 week in calendar time can be saved by work in
parallelo Open SVT to allow access to Be bellows, but not module
replacement
Total of 5 months for both tasks
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 32
Readiness for LST installation
Modules and brasso LST modules will be
complete in early Januaryo Brass will be on site by
March
Toolingo Requires design load
transfer tooling for EMCo Requires design, testing &
approval of installation platforms
Lateral support arms
EMC installation fixtures
Expect all preparations
complete by July, 2005
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 33
Run options under consideration
“Early 2006 shutdown” o Ensure Run 5 is long enough to allow PEP-II to
demonstrate 1.3x1034, accumulate data for Winter 06 before LST shutdown
o Run 5 extends until Dec 2005; shutdown from Jan-May 2006; Run 6 starts Jun 2006
o Advantage: Earliest LST insertion, smaller pressure on FY06 budget, long 06 run
o Disadvantage: Only 400 fb-1 4S data for summer 06, PEP-II runs over summer 06-07 run
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 34
Run options under consideration
“Late 2006 shutdown”o Run 5 extends over 19 months from Jan 05 to Aug 06, with
Dec 05 off for PPS, rf installation; LST shutdown from Sep 06 to Jan 07
o Advantage: Over 530 fb-1 4S data for summer 06o Disadvantage: Very late LST installation, pressure on FY05
and FY06 budgets; PEP-II running in summers of 05, 06, long-term loss of ~60-75 fb-1, short 06 run
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 35
Run options under consideration
“Mid 2006 shutdown”o Run 5 extends until we hit 500 fb-1 goal in April 06;
shutdown from May-Sep 06 (extended summer down); Run 6 starts in Oct 06
o Advantage: ~500 fb-1 4S data for summer 06, PEP-II does not run over summer months, smaller pressure on FY06 budget, summer installation and manpower, more time for PEP-II upgrade components
o Disadvantage: Later LST installation
1. Have not reconciled luminosity predictions with PEP-II; nor have we factored in the detailed PEP-II upgrade schedule
2. Shutdown start dates are flexible and illustrative
Caveats
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 36
Delivered Luminosity Comparison
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Oct
-04
Fe
b-0
5
Jun
-05
Oct
-05
Fe
b-0
6
Jun
-06
Oct
-06
Fe
b-0
7
Jun
-07
Oct
-07
Fe
b-0
8
Jun
-08
Belle
Early 06
Late 06
Mid 06
Options for 5 month down period
o Early 06 shutdown = 5 months, Jan-May
o Mid 06 shutdown = 5 months, May-Sep
o Late 06 shutdown = 5 months, Sep-Jan
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 37
4S Sample Comparison
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Oct
-04
De
c-0
4
Fe
b-0
5
Ap
r-0
5
Jun
-05
Au
g-0
5
Oct
-05
De
c-0
5
Fe
b-0
6
Ap
r-0
6
Jun
-06
Au
g-0
6
Belle
Early 06
Late 06
Mid 06
Closeup with summer 2006 outlook
o Early 06 shutdown = 5 months, Jan-May
o Mid 06 shutdown = 5 months, May-Sep
o Late 06 shutdown = 5 months, Sep-Jan
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 38
Penguin Sum Comparison
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12O
ct-0
4
Ap
r-0
5
Oct
-05
Ap
r-0
6
Oct
-06
Ap
r-0
7
Oct
-07
Ap
r-0
8
Penguin performance comparison
Penguin
modesCharmoni
um modes
BABAR late 06BABAR mid 06
Belle estimate
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 39
Impact on muon physics performance
Run 1-4 Run 1-6: 19
month run
Run 1-6: 2005 shutdo
wn
Luminosity 208 530 460
Assume constant RPC efficiency
K+ 18 49 44
K*0 18 51 45
Assume declining RPC efficiency
K+ 18 44 43
K*0 18 46 45
RPC efficiency: 69% (potentially declining to 20%)LST efficiency: 92%
MAC - Dec 13, 2004 BABAR Status and Upgrade Plans 40
Conclusion
Mid-2006 shutdown looks like best option
Corollary: Run 5 should extend continuously through at least Dec
2005o Allows SLAC, BABAR, PEP-II, DOE and other funding agencies to
plan for calendar 2005 on this basiso Decisions on 2006 run optimization needs further discussion &
studyo May well depend on factors that will not be clear for some time
yet, including budget requirements, LCLS, and success of Run 5
o Advantage: ~500 fb-1 4S data for summer 06, PEP-II does not run over summer months, smaller pressure on FY06 budget, summer installation and manpower, more time for PEP-II upgrade components
o Disadvantage: Later LST installation