C1 Revision cards
C1 Revision Questions
C1 Revision cards
Question 1
• What are the 3 different fossil fuels?
• Why are fossil fuels non-renewable?
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Answer 1 of 50
• Coal, oil, gas.
• They are used up quicker than they are being replaced
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Question 2
• What is cracking?
• Why do we do it?
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Answer 2
• A process that converts long chained alkanesinto a shorter chained alkanes and alkenes.
• We use it to make more petrol
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Question 3
• LIST THE GASES IN THE AIR
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Answer 3
• NITROGEN, OXYGEN, CARBON DIOXIDE, WATER VAPOUR, NOBLE GASES (ARGON, NEON, KRYPTON, XENON)
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Question 4
WHICH PROCESSES AFFECT THE LEVEL OF GASES IN THE AIR?
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Answer 4
• COMBUSTION MORE CO₂ LESS O₂, RESPIRATION MORE CO₂ LESS O₂, PHOTOSYNTHESIS LESS CO₂ MORE O₂
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Question 5
• WHAT % OF THE AIR DO THE DIFFERENT GASES MAKE UP?
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Answer 5
• NITROGEN 78%, OXYGEN 21%, CARBON DIOXIDE 0.O4%
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Question 6
• HOW OLD IS THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE?
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Answer 6
• FOUR AND A HALF THOUSAND MILLION YEARS
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Question 7
• WHERE AND WHAT WAS THE PROCESS OF MAKING THE EARLY ATMOSPHERE?
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Answer 7
• THE GASES CAME FROM THE CENTRE OF THE EARTH VIA VOLCANOES IN A PROCESS CALLED DEGASSING
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Question 8
• WHICH GASES WERE IN THE EARLY ATMOSPHERE?
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Answer 8
• AMMONIA AND LATER CARBON DIOXIDE
• DEGASSING OF EARLY VOLCANOES PRODUCED AN ATMOSPHERE RICH IN WATER AND CARBON DIOXIDE
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Question 9
• HOW WERE OCEANS FORMED?
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Answer 9
• CHEMICAL REACTIONS BETWEEN AMMONIA AND ROCKS PRODUCED NITROGEN AND WATER VAPOUR.
• THE WATER VAPOUR IN THE EARLY ATMOSPHERE CONDENSED
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Question 10
• WHERE DID NITROGEN COME FROM?
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Answer 10
• CHEMICAL REACTIONS BETWEEN AMMONIA AND ROCKS MADE NITROGEN AND WATER
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Question 11
• WHY DID NITROGEN LEVELS INCREASE?
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Answer 11
• NITROGEN LEVELS INCREASED BECAUSE IT IS NOT VERY REACTIVE
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Question 12
• WHY DID OXYGEN INCREASE AND CARBON DIOXIDE LEVELS DECREASE IN THE EARLY ATMOSPHERE?
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Answer 12
• PLANTS EVOLVED AND BEGAN TO PHOTOSYNTHESISE
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Question 13
• CAR EXHAUSTS MAKE OXIDES OF NITROGEN, HOW DOES THIS AFFECT THE ENVIRONMENT?
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Answer 13
• PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG
• ACID RAIN
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Question 14
• SULFUR DIOXIDE IS RELEASED WHEN COAL AND OIL IS BURNT, HOW DOES THIS AFFECT THE ENVIRONMENT?
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Answer 14
• SULFUR DIOXIDE FROM IMPURITIES IS FORMED WHEN FOSSIL FUELS ARE BURNT. THIS MAKES ACID RAIN.
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Question 15
• WHAT IS A CATALYTIC CONVERTER?
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Answer 15
• CONVERTS THE EXHAUST GASES CARBON MONOXIDE AND OXIDES OF NITROGEN INTO LESS HARMFUL CARBON DIOXIDE AND NITROGEN GASES
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Question 16
• WHAT IS THE AFFECT OF CARBON MONOXIDE ON THE BODY?
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Answer 16
• CARBON MONOXIDE PREVENTS RED BLOOD CELLS FROM CARRYING OXYGEN
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Question 17
• WHAT ELEMENT IS THE CATALYST IN THE CATALYTIC CONVERTER MADE FROM?
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Answer 17
• RHODIUM
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Question 18
• WHY DOES RELATIVELY UNREACTIVE NITROGEN FORM OXIDES IN A CAR ENGINE?
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Answer 18
• VERY HIGH TEMPERATURES ALLOW THE STRONG BONDS BETWEEN THE NITROGEN ATOMS TO BE BROKEN
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Question 19
• WHAT IS THE WORD EQUATION FOR THE REACTIONS IN A CATALYTIC CONVERTER?
• WHAT IS THE SYMBOL EQUATION FOR THE REACTIONS IN A CATALYTIC CONVERTER?
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Answer 19
• CARBON MONOXIDE + NITROGEN MONOXIDE NITROGEN + CARBON DIOXIDE
• 2CO + 2NO→ 2CO₂ + N₂
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Question 20
• HOW DOES DEFORESTATION AND INCREASE IN POPULATION AFFECT THE ATMOSPHERE?
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Answer 20
• LESS PHOTOSYNTHESIS THEREFORE MORE CARBON DIOXIDE,
MORE CARS THEREFORE MORE CARBON OXIDES AND OXIDES OF NITROGEN,
MORE BURNING OF FOSSIL FUELS THEREFORE MORE SULFUR DIOXIDE AND CARBON DIOXIDE
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Question 21
• WHAT ARE THE MOLECULES IN PLASTICS CALLED?
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Answer 21
• POLYMERS
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Question 22
• WHAT IS A POLYMER?
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Answer 22
• A MOLECULE MADE FROM MANY SMALL MOLECULES CALLED MONOMERS LINKED IN A LONG CHAIN DURING POLYMERISATION
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Question 23
• How do engines make nitrogen oxides?
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Answer 23
• High temperatures react oxygen and nitrogen from the air together
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Question 24
• What is the formula for methane?
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Answer 24
• CH4
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Question 25
• What is the formula for propene?
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Answer 25
• C3H6
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Question 26
• What is made when you add bromine to an alkene?
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Answer 26
• Dibromo alkane
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Question 27
• State 3 ways that polymers can be disposed of
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Answer 27
• Burnt, landfill, recycled
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Question 28
• What new types of polymers are scientists developing to reduce disposal problems?
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Answer 28
• Polymers that dissolve, biodegradable polymers
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Question 29
• What is hydrocarbon?
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Answer 29
• A compound that only contains hydrogen and carbon
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Question 30
• What is a monomer?
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Answer 30
• They are the repeat units that are joined together to make a polymer, they are alkenes which contain double bonds.
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Question 31
• What is a polymer?
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Answer 31
• A long chain of monomers chemically bondedto each other.
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Question 32
• How do you make a polymer?
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Answer 32
• High pressure and catalyst breaks an alkene’sdouble bond, lots of these join together to make a long molecule (a polymer)
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Question 33
• What colour is bromine?
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Answer 33
• Orange
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Question 34
• What is an alkane?
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Answer 34
• A hydrocarbon with single bonds
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Question 35
• What is an alkene?
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Answer 35
• A hydrocarbon with at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
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Question 36
• State 3 properties of Goretex.
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Answer 36
• Waterproof,
• windproof,
• breathable,
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Question 37
• What is a saturated compound?
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Answer 37
• A compound that only had single bonds (no double bonds).
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Question 38
• Explain how Goretex is breathable, yet waterproof.
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Answer 38
• Has small holes (from expanded PTFE), that water droplets cannot pass through but water vapour can.
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Question 39
• What type of forces hold hydrocarbonmolecules together?
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Answer 39
• Intermolecular forces
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Question 40
• What type of bonds hold atoms in hydrocarbon molecules together?
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Answer 40
• Covalent bonds.
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Question 41
• What is the test for an alkene?
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Answer 41
• Add Bromine water. An alkene will turn bromine water from an orange solution to a colourless solution.
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Question 42
• What is the general formula for an alkane and for an alkene?
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Answer 42
• Alkane = CnH2n+2
• Alkene = CnH2n
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Question 43
• State 3 reasons why we cook food
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Answer 43
• Improve taste,
• Improve texture,
• easier to digest,
• kills bacteria.
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Question 44
• State 2 reasons why cooking is a chemical reaction
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Answer 44
• Change in colour,
• energy changes,
• non-reversible reaction.
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Question 45
• Name 4 different food additives and explain what they each do
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Answer 45
• Emulsifiers- stops a mixture of oil and water from separating,
• Antioxidants- stops food reacting with oxygen,
• Flavour enhancers- to improve flavour,
• Colourants- to give an improved colour
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Question46
• Explain how baking powder makes cakes rise
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Answer 46
• Baking powder is sodium hydrogencarbonate,
• It breaks down with heat (thermal decomposition) and makes carbon dioxide.
• Carbon dioxide makes the cakes rise
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Question 47
• What is nylon used for?
• State 3 properties of nylon?
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Answer 47
• Clothes,
• Tough,
• light,
• flexible,
• non-breathable
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Question 48
• What does biodegradable mean?
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Answer 48
• It can be broken down by bacteria
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Question 49
• What is Goretex made out of?
• Why?
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Answer 49
• Made from nylon laminated with PTFE/polyurethane membrane. The inner layer is made from expanded PTFE (had air put in it to expand it).
• PTFE is too fragile on its own so is combined with nylon.
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Question 50
• What is additional polymerisation?
• Give 2 examples
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Answer 50
• Where many identical alkene monomers react together (under high pressure and a catalyst) to give a polymer.
• Poly(ethene), poly(propene), poly(butene).
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