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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.1
ATLAS Detector – status and plans
David LissauerBrookhaven National Lab.
ATLAS Technical Coordination
APS meeting
April 14th , 2007
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.2
ALICE : heavy ions
ATLAS and CMS :pp, general purposeATLAS and CMS :pp, general purpose
Physics Runs expected to start in 2008
LHC Complex • s = 14 TeV (7 times higher than Tevatron/FNAL)
• Ldesign = 1034 cm-2 s-1
(>102 higher than Tevatron/FNAL)
LHCb : pp, B-physics
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.3
25
ns
Event rate in ATLAS :
N = L x (pp) 109 interactions/s
25 n-sec Beam Crossing 40 MHz
~ 25 Pile up events / CrossingInteresting events are rare (high-pT )
The Experimental Challenge
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.4
Cross Sections and Production Rates
• Inelastic proton-proton reactions: 109 / s • bb pairs 5 106 / s • tt pairs 8 / s
• W e 150 / s• Z e e 15 / s
• Higgs (150 GeV) 0.2 / s• Gluino, Squarks (1 TeV) 0.03 / s
Rates for L = 1034 cm-2 s-1: (LHC)
LHC is a factory for: top-quarks, b-quarks, W, Z
The Challenge:
Select the right events
Measure event properties
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.5
ATLAS Physics Goals
Search for:Standard Model Higgs boson over ~ 115 < mH < 1000 GeV
Physics beyond the SM up to the TeV-rangeSupersymmetry, q/ compositeness, leptoquarks, W’/Z’, Extra-dimensions ….
Precise measurements : W mass top mass, couplings and decay properties Higgs mass, spin, couplings (if Higgs found) B-physics: CP violation, rare decays, B0 oscillations QCD jet cross-section and s
….
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.6
LHC schedule
Official schedule: Beam Pipe closed September ’07
Beam Injection October ’07
1st collisions December ’07 (450x450)
1st collisions (Physics) ~June ’08 (14 TEV)
CERN DG is committed to the schedule.
Magnets commissioning is a challenge.
Effect of Triplet catastrophic failure test still unknown.
An official update to the schedule is expected in May/June.
(450 GeV run will probably be delayed or merged with start up – NOT official)
June ’08: 7 x 7 TeV Start up (43 Bunches )
~August ’08: 7 x 7 TeV (75 n-sec)
~October ’08: 7 x 7 TeV (25 n-sec)
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.7
Staged commissioning plan for protonsStaged commissioning plan for protons
25ns ops IInstall Phase II and MKB
25ns ops II
75ns ops
43 bunch operation
Beam commissioning
Machine checkout
Hardware commissioning
Stage I II III
No beam Beam
IV
I.I. Pilot physics runPilot physics runnn First collisionsFirst collisionsnn 43 bunches, no crossing angle, no squeeze, moderate intensities43 bunches, no crossing angle, no squeeze, moderate intensitiesnn Push performance (156 bunches, partial squeeze in 1 and 5, push Push performance (156 bunches, partial squeeze in 1 and 5, push intensity)intensity)nn Performance limit 10Performance limit 103232 cmcm--22 ss--11 (event pileup)(event pileup)
II.II. 75ns operation75ns operationnn Establish multiEstablish multi--bunch operation, moderate intensitiesbunch operation, moderate intensitiesnn Relaxed machine parameters (squeeze and crossing angle)Relaxed machine parameters (squeeze and crossing angle)nn Push squeeze and crossing angle Push squeeze and crossing angle nn Performance limit 10Performance limit 103333 cmcm--22 ss--11 (event pileup)(event pileup)
III.III. 25ns operation I25ns operation Inn Nominal crossing angleNominal crossing anglenn Push squeezePush squeezenn Increase intensity to 50% nominalIncrease intensity to 50% nominalnn Performance limit 2 10Performance limit 2 103333 cmcm--22 ss--11
IV.IV. 25ns operation II25ns operation IInn Push towards nominal performancePush towards nominal performance
End of ’08/’09 1033
~June ’08 1030
Fall ’08 1032
Gradual Luminosity ramp up
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.8
The ATLAS Collaboration
International ATLAS 35 Countries
164 Institutions 1800 Scientific Authors
US ATLAS:40 Institutions
> 400 Scientific Authors
Albany, Alberta, NIKHEF Amsterdam, Ankara, LAPP Annecy, Argonne NL, Arizona, UT Arlington, Athens, NTU Athens, Baku, IFAE Barcelona, Belgrade, Bergen, Berkeley LBL and UC, HU Berlin, Bern, Birmingham, Bologna, Bonn, Boston, Brandeis,
Bratislava/SAS Kosice, Brookhaven NL, Buenos Aires, Bucharest, Cambridge, Carleton, Casablanca/Rabat, CERN, Chinese Cluster, Chicago, Clermont-Ferrand, Columbia, NBI Copenhagen, Cosenza, AGH UST Cracow, IFJ PAN Cracow, DESY, Dortmund,
TU Dresden, JINR Dubna, Duke, Frascati, Freiburg, Geneva, Genoa, Giessen, Glasgow, LPSC Grenoble, Technion Haifa, Hampton, Harvard, Heidelberg, Hiroshima, Hiroshima IT, Indiana, Innsbruck, Iowa SU, Irvine UC, Istanbul Bogazici, KEK, Kobe, Kyoto,
Kyoto UE, Lancaster, UN La Plata, Lecce, Lisbon LIP, Liverpool, Ljubljana, QMW London, RHBNC London, UC London, Lund, UA Madrid, Mainz, Manchester, Mannheim, CPPM Marseille, Massachusetts, MIT, Melbourne, Michigan, Michigan SU, Milano,
Minsk NAS, Minsk NCPHEP, Montreal, McGill Montreal, FIAN Moscow, ITEP Moscow, MEPhI Moscow, MSU Moscow, Munich LMU, MPI Munich, Nagasaki IAS, Nagoya, Naples, New Mexico, New York, Nijmegen, BINP Novosibirsk, Ohio SU, Okayama, Oklahoma, Oklahoma SU,
Oregon, LAL Orsay, Osaka, Oslo, Oxford, Paris VI and VII, Pavia, Pennsylvania, Pisa, Pittsburgh, CAS Prague, CU Prague, TU Prague, IHEP Protvino, Regina, Ritsumeikan, UFRJ Rio de Janeiro, Rome I, Rome II, Rome III,
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, DAPNIA Saclay, Santa Cruz UC, Sheffield, Shinshu, Siegen, Simon Fraser Burnaby, SLAC, Southern Methodist Dallas, NPI Petersburg, Stockholm, KTH Stockholm, Stony Brook, Sydney, AS Taipei, Tbilisi, Tel Aviv, Thessaloniki, Tokyo
ICEPP, Tokyo MU, Toronto, TRIUMF, Tsukuba, Tufts, Udine, Uppsala, Urbana UI, Valencia, UBC Vancouver, Victoria, Washington, Weizmann Rehovot, FH Wiener Neustadt, Wisconsin, Wuppertal, Yale, Yerevan
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.9
The ATLAS Detector
~50m
~25 m
~26 m
Overall Weight 7000 Tons - “light”
“Ship in a bottle”
Muon System Toroid System
Calorimeter System
Tracking System
~100 m Underground.
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.10
Magnet System
End-Cap Toroid:8 coils in a common cryostat
Barrel Toroid:8 separate coils
•Central Solenoid Solenoid Field in Inner Tracking Volume
•Air Core Toroid System
•Barrel Toroid
•EC Toroids Toroid Field for Muon system.
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.11
Central Solenoid - Installation
2T field with a stored energy of 38 MJ
Solenoid Integrated with the barrel LAr Vacuum vessel.
Integrated with the vacuum vessel February 2004.
Tested at full current (8 kA) July 2004 (On Surface)
Installed in the Pit end of ’05.
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.12
July – August 2006:
Fully commissioned in-situ up to 8.0 kA
The operation current is 7.73 kA for a field of 2.0 T
1st August 2006: the solenoid is fully operational
Field mapping machine in the Cryostat bore
Central Solenoid Commissioning
250,000 points measured
Agreement with calculation better than 10 Gauss
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.13
Barrel Toroid
Last coil
Installed.
Jacks released
Sept. 29 2005
Mechanical Assembly completed end of ’05.
Assembly completed well within tolerance !!!
25 m
5 m
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.14
Barrel Toroid Construction
Due to its size the Barrel Toroid had to come down in parts. Each Coil (25x5x1 m) had to be manipulated in to place.
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.15
Commissioning of Barrel Toroid
Complicated field due to:
coils aspect ratio
Fe in the Tile Calorimeter and
HS structure around the magnet.
Cool down & Tests in Situ
July/Sept ’06 ~2.5 month
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.16
Color scale max = 300 GColor scale max = 300 G
Magnetic Field Mapping
Barrel Field measured
Diff. of up to 50 Gauss in
outer chambers due to Fe distribution uncertainty
Perturbation to the filed due to the Fe in the HS structure.
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.17
EC Toroid Moving to Cool down station
EC Toroid moved to Cooling Station.
Cooled down to LN2
temperature on Surface.
Ready for Installation in a few weeks.
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.18
2nd End Cap Toroid integration
Cold Mass Insertion in the Cryostat.
Cool down to start in May.
Cryostat
Cold Mass
Cover
Turret assembly in preparation
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.19
Magnets Summary
• Central Solenoid - Commissioned
• Barrel Toroid - Commissioned
ECT-A: Cool Down to LN2 completed on Surface
Ready for installation End of April ‘07
Installation June ‘07
ECT-C: Integration in B191 well advanced
Cool down May/June ’07
Installation July ‘07
Full Toroid (Barrel +EC) test expected end of ‘07
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.20
• Barrel Muon System (3 Layers)
• Forward Muon System•Small wheel Assembly•Big Wheels Assembly•EO Chambers
Muon System
II < 2.7
Air-Core Toroid system
High resolution:
Monitored Drift tube
CSC (Very Forward)
Trigger Chambers:
RPC and TGC
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.21
Barrel: precision and trigger chambers in 3
layers (588 stations): I (inner) -
M (middle) - O(outer)
The Barrel Muon System
O
M
I
MDT - Monitored Drift Tubes (layers: I,O,M)
RPC - Resistive Plate Chambers (trigger) (layers M+M,O)
Trigger chambers (RPC) rate capability required ~ 1 kHz/cm2
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.22
Barrel Chamber Installation
99% of Chambers installed. Chamber cables & Gas connections in progress Commissioning ongoing.
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.23
Big Wheel –TGC1 assembly
Building 40/TGC-1
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.24
Installation of MDT Wheel
TGC1 – “Park Position”
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.25
Cosmic data taken with RPC,MDT,LV1 +Tile
Commissioning Using Cosmic Rays.
Muons recorded in sector 13
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.26
Muon System Summary Barrel Muon:
Installation Completed > 99% Chambers installed.
Services installation (cables/gas) well under way.
Chamber commissioning underway.Data taking with Cosmic Ray started in selected regions.
EC Muons:
BW Side C: TGC/MDT Wheels completed - TGC2 on going
BW Side A: TGC1 on going
JD/SW (Side A&C): Surface Assembly.
Installation of the Muon System will be completed before the end of the year.
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.27
• Barrel Calorimeter:•LAr Barrel EM•Tile Barrel Hadronic
•EC Calorimeters:•LAr EC Calorimeter
•EM Calorimeter•Hadronic Calorimeter•Forward Calorimeter
•Extended Barrel (Tile) Calorimeter
Calorimeter System
Tile barrelTile extended barrel
LAr forward cal. (FCAL)
LAr hadronic endcap (HEC)
LAr EM endcap (EMEC)
LAr EM barrel
Hermetic calorimeter
Total Coverage: II < 5
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.28
The Calorimeters
trigger and measure the ,e and hadron energies by total absorption in sampling mode.
operate in a integrated dose of and n, ranging up to few Mrad.
maintain the energy scale precision at the 1% level.
allow particle identification
(, e, jets, ,..) --> longitudinal and transverse segmentation, preshower in the first X0s.
Fine Granularity & Longitudinal Segmentation
Barrel EM accordion, 0.025 x 0.025
Barrel HAD tiles, 0.10 x 0.10
a = 10% , b = 0.5%, c ~ 0.2 GeV
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.29
Lowering Barrel EM Calorimeter
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.30 November 4th 2005: Barrel Calorimeter in run position
Barrel Calorimeter Installation
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.31
LAr Cool-down
Barrel Cool- down Temperature
80,00
100,00
120,00
140,00
160,00
180,00
200,00
220,00
240,00
260,00
280,00
300,00
12.04.2006 19.04.2006 26.04.2006 03.05.2006 10.05.2006 17.05.2006 24.05.2006
Date
Temperature (K)
Minimum detector temperature read on the cryo system
Maximum detector temperature read on the cryo system
Last updated 23-05-2006
gaseous N2cooling
liquid N2cooling
condensing Ar
The barrel calorimeter has been cooled down and filled with 45Kl of liquid argon.
Stable temperature Tmin = 88,2 K Tmax = 88,6 K
Isolation Vacuum < 5x10-7
Purity O2 < 2 ppm (lower limit of the measurement)
expansion vessel pressure
1,2
1,22
1,24
1,26
1,28
1,3
8.6.06 0:00 10.6.060:00
12.6.060:00
14.6.060:00
16.6.060:00
18.6.060:00
20.6.060:00
22.6.060:00
date
argon pressure (bara)
The calorimeter will now be kept cold for the duration of the experiment. (~ 20 Years)
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.32
EC-A in Open Position
EC – A :cold and full of LAr.
EC – C : Cooling down
HV tests & front end electronics commissioning on going.
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LAr Barrel Commissioning APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
Commissioning - Noise Studies
Coherent noise observed was generated by Tile calorimeter.
Solution: add filters for the feedthrough heater connectors
Tiles LVPS OFF Tiles LVPS ON
17 MHz peak
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LAr Barrel Commissioning APS meeting April 14h, 2007.
Comic Ray Event:
Trigger on Tile Cal.
Combine run for Tile + LAr.
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.35
• Barrel Calorimeter:• Installation completed• Services installation completed• LAr Cool down completed – calorimeter kept cold• Commissioning Tile & LAr using cosmic ray & Calibration Ongoing
• EC Calorimeters: • Mechanical Installation completed • Services installation on going• LAr- Side A Cold, Side C cooling down• Commissioning Started•Cosmic Ray – starting now.
Calorimeter System Summary
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.36
• Barrel ID (SCT/TRT):• Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT) (e/p Sep) ( 4 105 channels)• Silicon Strip Detector (SCT) ( 6x106 channels)•Pixel Detector ( 108 channels)
• EC ID (Side C and Side A):•Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT) •Silicon Strip Detector (SCT)•Pixel Detector
• Beryllium beampipe:
Tracking System
II < 2.5
B=2 Tesla
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.37
Barrel SCT/TRT integration on surface
Insertion - February 17, 2006
Combined tests on surface in: April - June 2006
TRT
SCT
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.38
Barrel SCT/TRT installation
Installation 23-24th Aug. 2006.
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.39
Barrel SCT/TRT Connected
Feb 19th ‘07
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.40
Barrel TRT Threshold scanThreshold distribution over the channels at which noise counting rate reaches level 300 kHz. Each picture shows 50,000 channels
SR1 Pit
Performance in the Pit as good as in the Lab
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.41
Pixel Layer 2 – half shell
Pixel Layer 2, once clamped, inside
Pixels assembly on the surface.
Pixel ECs at CERN
Pixel Package is close to being ready for installation.
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.42
ID System Summary
Services installation nearly complete.
Barrel SCT/TRT installation completed.
EC SCT/TRT ready for installation on the surface (May/June).
Pixel + Beryllium beam pipe installation in June.
Barrel commissioning ongoing.
Commissioning of full system July-October ’07.
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.43
High-Level Trigger
LEVEL-1 TRIGGER•Coarse granularity from calorimeter & muon systems
•2 s latency (2.5 s pipelines)
TRIGGER : THREE LEVELS
LEVEL-2 TRIGGER•Regions-of-Interest “seeds”•Full granularity for all subdetector systems•O(10 ms) target CPU time
EVENT FILTER •“Seeded” by Level 2 result•Full event access•Offline-like Algorithms•O(1 s) target CPU time
FIRST PART OF ATLAS RECONSTRUCTION AND PHYSICS EVENT SELECTION
40 MHz
~75 kHz
~2 kHz
200 Hz
Rates
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.44
Counting Room Electronics
Phase 1 commissioning has really started
Readout Electronics installation on going.
DCS (Slow control) operational (Part of the system).
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.45
SDX1
USA15
UX15
ATLAS – Counting & Control rooms
ATLASdetector
Read-Out
Drivers(RODs) First-
leveltrigger
Read-OutSubsystems
(ROSs)
UX15
USA15
Dedicated links
Timing Trigger Control (TTC)
1600Read-OutLinks
Gig
abit
Eth
erne
t
RoIBuilder
pROSR
egio
ns O
f Int
eres
t
VME~150PCs
Data of events acceptedby first-level trigger
Eve
nt d
ata
requ
ests
Del
ete
com
man
ds
Req
uest
ed e
vent
dat
a
stores LVL2output
Event data pushed @ ≤ 100 kHz, 1600 fragments of ~ 1 kByte each
Second-leveltrigger
LVL2Super-visor
SDX1
DataFlowManager
EventFilter(EF)
pROS
~ 500 ~1600
stores LVL2output
dual-CPU nodes
~100 ~30
Network switches
Event data pulled:partial events @ ≤ 100 kHz, full events @ ~ 3 kHz
Event rate ~ 200 HzData
storage
LocalStorage
SubFarmOutputs
(SFOs)
LVL2 farm
Network switches
EventBuilderSubFarm
Inputs
(SFIs)
Control Room
CERN computer center
Skeleton system is all counting and control rooms are operational.
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.46
TDAQ networks - Installation & commissioning
Incremental installation started in 2006.
Full system will be completed in 2009 (deferred). Strategy::
Lay down the complete cabling infrastructure
Incrementally add devices (switches) when needed
In the early stage, redundancy is not considered a priority
Full redundancy is introduced in 2008
First usage in a “production” environment of monitoring tools
DataFlow Network
BackEnd Network
L2PUs
EFPs EFPs EFPs
SFIs
SFOs
Massstorage
SVs
ROS PC
ROB
ROB
ROBROB
ROB
ROB
ROS PC
ROB
ROB
ROBROB
ROB
ROB
Network root(to ATCN)
Control Network
ManagementNetwork
SFO
Switch
Online Racks
ManagementServers
Control LinksData LinksManagement links
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.47
DAQ/HLT – InstallationFull ROS systemAssociated networking (data and control switches)Associated infrastructure (file and boot servers, online and monitoring machines,…)
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.48
DAQ/HLT CommissioningIntegrated tests to verify sub-
system’s Functionality Stability Performance
Technical Runs Integrated tests in the control
room environment “shift-like” operations
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.49
Commissioning Conclusions
Counting rooms infrastructure near completion.
Installation and commissioning of readout electronics – in progress.
System commissioning using the final chain – ongoing.
Multi-system commissioning started.
Technical runs using the main control room round the clock for Cosmic ray data, calibration data has started.
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.50
SummaryThe detector installation is now well advanced and progressing well. Infrastructure: Essentially complete and commissioned. Magnets System: BT and Solenoid – commissioned , ECT installation, full test by end of ‘07. Calorimeters: Being commissioned (Barrel) EC to follow soon. Tracking: SCT/TRT Barrel being commissioned. EC and Pixel May/June ’07 Muons: Barrel Muon being commissioned. BW assembly in progress. SW integration
on surface – Installation toward end of ’07. Trigger/DAQ: Trigger and DAQ commissioning started. Control room operational – combined
“Data Taking” mode to start. (Cosmic Rays) Software / Physics (not covered here) Preparation for Data analysis is in full swing with
computing data challenges, Physics working groups etc
The coming year is critical to make sure that the detector will be ready for Data. A large effort is ongoing at CERN to accomplish this
challenge.
What was presented is a result of >20 years of R&D, Design and Construction of the ATLAS detector. The installation and commissioning is the “end of the
beginning” once the installation is complete the challenge will shift to operation and getting the Physics out.
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APS meeting April 14h, 2007.51
First Physics Run Middle of ’08.
The ATLAS Detector should be fully operational and ready for
Physics.