Public Attitudes Toward Wind Energy in Western
North CarolinaA Presentation to the 2002 NC Wind Summit
December 9, 2002
Appalachian State University
Boone NC
Dennis O. Grady
Purpose of Survey
• Assess the attitudes of citizens in western North Carolina on energy issues
• Determine attitudes of citizens on developing wind energy in the Appalachian Mountains
• Identify barriers people perceive in developing wind energy in the NC mountains
Sampling Procedures
Population: • All residential telephone numbers in 24 western North Carolina
Counties with potential class 3-5 wind – approximately 1 million
Data Source:• InfoUSA Telephone database
Sample: • Drawn proportionately across all 24 counties – approximately 2,300
residential telephone numbers drawn
Respondents: • 400 completed telephone surveys, Mid-September-October, 2002
95% confidence level, +/- 4% margin of error
Profile of Respondents
• Average Age = 51• Average NC
Residency = 30 years
• 53% Female• 85% Registered NC
Voters• 62% with Less
Than College Degree
• 82% Home Owners• 49% with Family
Incomes Less Than $40,000
• 94% Year Round Residents
• 14% Had Heard of Recent TVA Effort
• 29% Had Seen a Utility Scale Turbine Operate
Interest in Energy Issues
Level of InterestNone Some Great
Fossil Fuel Pollution 18.5% 48.0% 33.5%
Cost of electricity 3.8 23.8 72.5
Reliability of electricity 7.6 23.5 69.0
Importation of foreign oil 12.8 32.5 54.8
Nuclear Safety/fuel disposal 11.3 24.3 64.5
Attitudes Toward Fuels
• Should we be getting more, the same, or less of our future electricity from:– Coal– Nuclear – Natural gas– Hydroelectric– Solar– Wind
Comparison of Fuel Sources
• Percentage wanting more electricity from– Solar 85.3%– Wind 75.4– Hydroelectric 72.8– Natural Gas 50.5– Nuclear 32.5– Coal 22.4
Desirability of CoalAmount of future electricity from coal
Don't knowMoreSameLess
Pe
rce
nt
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
12
23
13
53
Desirability of Nuclear PowerAmount of future electricity from nuclear
Don't knowMoreSameLess
Pe
rce
nt
40
30
20
10
0
14
33
20
34
Desirability of HydroAmount of future electricity from hydroelectric
Don't knowMoreSameLess
Pe
rce
nt
80
60
40
20
0
9
73
12
6
Desirability of Natural Gas Amount of future electricity from natural gas
Don't knowMoreSameLess
Pe
rce
nt
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
11
51
23
16
Desirability of SolarAmount of future electricity from solar
Don't knowMoreSameLess
Pe
rce
nt
100
80
60
40
20
0
85
6
Desirability of WindAmount of future electricity from wind
Don't knowMoreSameLess
Pe
rce
nt
80
60
40
20
0
10
75
96
Turbine Placement Issues
• Ridge tops• National forests• Near one’s home• Clustered• With preexisting towers• On personal property for personal
use
Turbines on Ridge Tops63.5% Approval
Placing turbines on ridge tops should be
prohibited or not prohibited
Don't knowNot prohibitedYes, prohibited
Pe
rce
nt
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
17
64
20
Turbines on National Forests50.5% Approval
Placing turbines on national forests should
be prohibited or not prohibited
Don't knowNot prohibitedYes, prohibited
Pe
rce
nt
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
14
51
36
Turbines Near Your Home66% Approval
Would you approve of wind turbines
near your home
Don't know
No, I w ould not appr
Yes, I w ould approve
Pe
rce
nt
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
13
22
66
Clustered Turbines on Ridges57.4% Approval
Would you approve of wind turbines on ridge tops
if they are clustered
Don't know
No, I w ould not appr
Yes, I w ould approve
Pe
rce
nt
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
15
28
57
Turbines on Cluttered Ridges74.5% Approval
Would you approve of wind turbines if there were
already other towers on ridge
Don't knowNo, not approveYes, I w ould approve
Pe
rce
nt
80
60
40
20
0
10
16
75
Turbines for Personal Use79% Approval
Should a person be prohibited from erecting
a single turbine on own land
No opinionDependsNOYES
Pe
rce
nt
100
80
60
40
20
09
79
9
Awareness and Turbine Placement
24 23.8% 60 59.4% 17 16.8%
36 17.3% 139 66.8% 33 15.9%
13 19.1% 40 58.8% 15 22.1%
5 22.7% 15 68.2% 2 9.1%
Follow VeryClosely
Sometimes Follow
Rarely Follow
Never Follow
Count Row %
Yes, prohibited
Count Row %
Not prohibited
Count Row %
Don't know
Placing turbines on ridge tops should be prohibited or not
Experience and Turbine Placement
27 22.9% 69 58.5% 22 18.6%
51 18.1% 185 65.6% 46 16.3%
Yes
No
Count Row %
Yes, prohibited
Count Row %
Not prohibited
Count Row %
Don't know
Placing turbines on ridge tops should be prohibited or not
Income and Turbine Placement
10 17.5% 36 63.2% 11 19.3%
16 14.5% 83 75.5% 11 10.0%
20 24.1% 47 56.6% 16 19.3%
10 20.8% 29 60.4% 9 18.8%
8 18.2% 28 63.6% 8 18.2%
Under$20,000
$20,000 to$40,000
$41,000 to$60,000
$61,000 to$80,000
Over $80,000
Count Row %
Yes, prohibited
Count Row %
Not prohibited
Count Row %
Don't know
Placing turbines on ridge tops should be prohibited or not
Ridge Top Placement by Education
6 20.7% 19 65.5% 4 13.8%
20 20.2% 60 60.6% 19 19.2%
21 17.6% 83 69.7% 15 12.6%
21 20.6% 60 58.8% 21 20.6%
2 22.2% 5 55.6% 2 22.2%
8 19.5% 26 63.4% 7 17.1%
Less than highschool
High school diploma
Some college
College degree
Some graduate work
Graduate degree
What isyourhighestlevel ofeducation
Count Row %
Yes, prohibited
Count Row %
Not prohibited
Count Row %
Don't know
Placing turbines on ridge tops should be prohibited or not
Gender and Turbine Placement
44 23.5% 120 64.2% 23 12.3%
34 16.0% 133 62.7% 45 21.2%
Male
Female
Count Row %
Yes, prohibited
Count Row %
Not prohibited
Count Row %
Don't know
Placing turbines on ridge tops should be prohibited or not
Summary
• Western North Carolinians are supportive of developing a renewable energy industry in the Appalachian Mountains
• By a margin of 2 to 1, western North Carolinians do not think that ridge top placement of turbines should be prohibited.
• By a margin of 3 to 1, western North Carolinians believe that placing a turbine with other existing towers should be allowed.
• Attitudes toward turbine placement is unaffected by income, education, previous experience with utility scale turbines, or knowledge of energy issues.
• The greatest barrier to developing a wind industry in the mountains is aesthetic – especially how it could affect tourism and property values near the turbines.
Further Information
• A report on the survey results may be obtained by contacting
• Dr. Dennis Grady, Department of Political Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, or
• [email protected], or
• www.wind.appstate.edu where the report is posted.