Lecture on the Legislative Lecture on the Legislative Department of the Republic of Department of the Republic of
the Philippinesthe Philippines
Justin Martin O. HernandezJustin Martin O. Hernandez
Basic StructuresBasic StructuresThere are There are two basic structures two basic structures for legislative for legislative
branches of government:branches of government:
1.1. UnicameralUnicameral The legislative branch consists of The legislative branch consists of
one chamber/houseone chamber/house
2.2. BicameralBicameral Legislative power is vested in Legislative power is vested in two two
chambers/houseschambers/houses
The Philippine CongressThe Philippine CongressThe The Philippine CongressPhilippine Congress is the country’s is the country’s legislative departmentlegislative department (Art. VI, Sec. 1) (Art. VI, Sec. 1)
Congress is Congress is bicameralbicameralUpper House: Upper House: SenateSenate
Lower House: Lower House: House of RepresentativesHouse of Representatives
N.B.: N.B.: Senators are CongressmenSenators are Congressmen
The Legislative BranchThe Legislative Branch
From the Latin From the Latin lex, legislex, legis meaning meaning lawlaw
The legislative branch broadly The legislative branch broadly deals with the deals with the makingmaking, , deliberation overdeliberation over, , enactmentenactment, , amendment amendment and and repealingrepealing of laws of laws
SenateSenateCompositionComposition
QualificationsQualifications
Term of OfficeTerm of Office
24 24 Senators elected Senators elected at largeat largeNatural-born Natural-born citizencitizen
At least At least 35 years old35 years old on on election dayelection dayLiterateLiterate (can read and write) (can read and write)Registered voterRegistered voterPhilippine Philippine resident resident for for 2 2 years years prior to prior to election dayelection day6 years 6 years Maximum: 2 termsMaximum: 2 terms
House of RepresentativesHouse of Representatives200 district reps, 50 party list200 district reps, 50 party listNatural-born Natural-born citizencitizen
At least At least 25 years old25 years old on on election dayelection dayLiterateLiterate (can read and write) (can read and write)Registered voterRegistered voter of the of the districtdistrictDistrict District resident resident for for 1 year 1 year prior prior to to election dayelection day3 years 3 years Maximum: 3 termsMaximum: 3 terms
Composition
Qualifications
Term of Office
In Case of Vacancy…In Case of Vacancy…
VacancyVacancy can be filled through can be filled through regular regular electionelection
Special elections Special elections can be called for can be called for the purpose of filling the vacancythe purpose of filling the vacancy
In either circumstance, the one In either circumstance, the one elected merely elected merely sitssits for the for the unexpired unexpired termterm
Structure and DynamicsStructure and DynamicsSenate PresidentSenate President and and House Speaker House Speaker elected elected by by majority votemajority voteOther officersOther officers,, procedures procedures and the and the discipline of discipline of its members its members is at the is at the discretion discretion of each houseof each houseQuorum: Quorum: MajorityMajorityEach House maintains a Each House maintains a journaljournal and and recordrecord of of proceedingsproceedingsNeither House can Neither House can adjournadjourn without the other’s without the other’s consentconsent while in session while in session
Officers of the SenateOfficers of the Senate
PresidentPresident
President Pro-temporePresident Pro-tempore
Majority Floor LeaderMajority Floor Leader
Minority Floor LeaderMinority Floor Leader
SecretarySecretary
Sgt. –at-ArmsSgt. –at-Arms
Senate CommitteesSenate Committees
Committee on Accountability of Public Committee on Accountability of Public Officers and InvestigationsOfficers and Investigations
Committee on AccountsCommittee on Accounts
Committee on Agrarian ReformCommittee on Agrarian Reform
Committee on Agriculture and FoodCommittee on Agriculture and Food
Committee on Banks, Financial Institutions Committee on Banks, Financial Institutions and Currenciesand Currencies
Committee on Civil Service and Committee on Civil Service and Government ReorganizationGovernment Reorganization
Committee on Constitutional Committee on Constitutional Amendments, Revision of Codes and Amendments, Revision of Codes and LawsLaws
Committee on CooperativesCommittee on Cooperatives
Committee on Cultural CommunitiesCommittee on Cultural Communities
Committee on Economic AffairsCommittee on Economic Affairs
Committee on Education, Arts and CultureCommittee on Education, Arts and Culture
Committee on EnergyCommittee on Energy
Committee on Environment and Natural Committee on Environment and Natural ResourcesResources
Committee on Ethics and PrivilegesCommittee on Ethics and Privileges
Committee on FinanceCommittee on Finance
Committee on Foreign RelationsCommittee on Foreign Relations
Committee on Games, Amusement and Committee on Games, Amusement and SportsSports
Committee on Government Corporations Committee on Government Corporations and Public Enterprisesand Public Enterprises
Committee on Health and DemographyCommittee on Health and Demography
Committee on Justice and Human RightsCommittee on Justice and Human Rights
Committee on Labor, Employment and Committee on Labor, Employment and Human Resources DevelopmentHuman Resources Development
Committee on Local GovernmentCommittee on Local Government
Committee on National Defense and Committee on National Defense and SecuritySecurity
Committee on Peace, Unification and Committee on Peace, Unification and ReconciliationReconciliation
Committee on Public Information and Committee on Public Information and Mass MediaMass Media
Committee on Public Order and Illegal Committee on Public Order and Illegal DrugsDrugs
Committee on Public ServicesCommittee on Public Services
Committee on Public WorksCommittee on Public Works
Committee on RulesCommittee on Rules
Committee on Science and TechnologyCommittee on Science and Technology
Committee on Social Justice, Welfare and Committee on Social Justice, Welfare and Rural DevelopmentRural Development
Committee on TourismCommittee on Tourism
Committee on Trade and CommerceCommittee on Trade and Commerce
Committee on Urban Planning, Housing Committee on Urban Planning, Housing and Resettlementand Resettlement
Committee on Ways and MeansCommittee on Ways and Means
Committee on Youth, Women and Family Committee on Youth, Women and Family RelationsRelations
Officers of The House of Officers of The House of RepresentativesRepresentatives
SpeakerSpeaker
Deputy SpeakersDeputy Speakers
Majority Floor LeaderMajority Floor Leader
Minority Floor LeaderMinority Floor Leader
House CommitteesHouse Committees (58 House Committees) (58 House Committees)
AccountsAccounts
Cooperatives DevelopmentCooperatives Development
Dangerous DrugsDangerous Drugs
EcologyEcology
Economic AffairsEconomic Affairs
Foreign AffairsForeign Affairs
Games and AmusementsGames and Amusements
HealthHealth
Human RightsHuman Rights
JusticeJustice
Labor and EmploymentLabor and Employment
Local GovernmentLocal Government
Metro Manila DevelopmentMetro Manila Development
Mindanao AffairsMindanao Affairs
Muslim AffairsMuslim Affairs
Population and Family RelationsPopulation and Family Relations
Social ServicesSocial Services
Trade and IndustryTrade and Industry
Veterans Affairs and WelfareVeterans Affairs and Welfare
Women and Gender EqualityWomen and Gender Equality
PARLIAMENTARY IMMUNITIESPARLIAMENTARY IMMUNITIES
Parliamentary PrivilegesParliamentary Privileges
Congressmen have Congressmen have two parliamentary two parliamentary privileges privileges while Congress is while Congress is in sessionin session::
1.1. Privilege from Privilege from arrestarrest Immunity Immunity from from offenses offenses punishable by not punishable by not
more than more than six years imprisonmentsix years imprisonment
2.2. Privilege of Privilege of speech speech and and debatedebate Immunity Immunity from from libel libel and and slanderslander
Its SessionsIts Sessions
Regular SessionRegular Session
Special SessionSpecial Session
Joint SessionJoint Session
Presidents of the SenatePresidents of the Senate
Manuel L. Quezon(1916-1935)
Manuel A. Roxas(1945-1946)
Jose D. Avelino(1946-1949)
Mariano Jesus L. Cuenco(1949-1951)
Quintin B. Paredes(1952)
Camilo O. Osias(1952 & 1953)
Eulogio A. Rodriguez, Sr.(1952-1963)
Jose C. Zulueta(1953)
Ferdinand E. Marcos(1963-1965)
Arturo M. Tolentino(1966-1967)
Gil J. Puyat(1967-1972)
Jovito R. Salonga(1987-1991)
Neptali A. Gonzales(1992-93, 95-96, 98)
Edgardo J. Angara(1993-1995)
Ernesto M. Maceda(1996-1998)
Marcelo B. Fernan(1998-1999)
Blas F. Ople(1999-2000)
Aquilino Q. Pimentel, Jr.(2000-2001)
Franklin M. Drilon(2000, 2001-2006)
Manny Villar(2006-Nov. 2008)
Juan Ponce Enrile(Nov.17, 2008-June 2013)
Franklin M. Drilon(July 2013-Present)
Speakers of the House of Speakers of the House of RepresentativesRepresentatives
Sergio Osmeña(1907-1922)
Manuel A. Roxas(1922-1933)
Quintin Paredes(1933-1935)
Gil Montilla(1935-1938)
José Yulo(1938-1941)
Benigno Aquino, Sr.(1943-1944)
Jose Zulueta(1945)
Eugenio Pérez(1946-1953)
José Laurel, Jr.(1953-1957)
Daniel Romualdez(1957-1962)
Cornelio Villareal(1962-1967)
Querube Makalintal(1978-1984)
Nicanor Yñiguez(1984-1986)
Ramon Mitra, Jr.(1987-1992)
Jose de Venecia(1992-1998)
Manny Villar(1998-2000)
Arnulfo Fuentabella(2000-2001)
Feliciano Belmonte(2001)
Jose de Venecia,(2001-2008)
Prospero Nograles( 2008-2010)
Feliciano Belmonte.(2010-Present)
Powers of CongressPowers of Congress
1.1. AppointmentAppointment of Public Officials of Public Officials
2.2. Legislative Legislative inquiryinquiry and and investigationinvestigation
3.3. DeclareDeclare the existence of a the existence of a state of state of warwar
4.4. RatifyRatify the country’s international the country’s international treaties treaties ((SenateSenate))
5.5. AuthorizeAuthorize limited limited emergency emergency powerspowers for the President for the President
Powers of CongressPowers of Congress6.6. ApproveApprove the government the government budgetbudget
7.7. Undertake Undertake projects projects under the under the CDFCDF
8.8. Propose, review, and adopt Propose, review, and adopt bills bills for for enactment into enactment into lawlaw
9.9. OverturnOverturn a Presidential a Presidential veto veto with respect to with respect to proposed legislationproposed legislation
10.10. Allow for Allow for referendareferenda
11.11. Propose Propose amendmentsamendments to the to the constitution and constitution and call for a call for a constitutional conventionconstitutional convention
Legislative LimitationsLegislative LimitationsCongress may not:Congress may not:
1.1. Increase appropriations Increase appropriations recommended by the recommended by the executive branchexecutive branch
2.2. Pass tax exemptionsPass tax exemptions without the concurrence without the concurrence of a majority of its membersof a majority of its members
3.3. Grant Grant titlestitles of of nobilitynobility
4.4. Pass Pass ex post facto billsex post facto bills
5.5. Pass Pass bills of attainderbills of attainder
How a Bill Becomes How a Bill Becomes LawLaw
~House of Representatives~
1st Reading 2nd Reading 3rd Reading
DebateReferral to Committee
DebateReferral to
Committee
How a Bill Becomes LawHow a Bill Becomes Law
~House of Representatives~
1st Reading 2nd Reading 3rd Reading
~Senate~
1st Reading 2nd Reading 3rd Reading
How a Bill Becomes How a Bill Becomes LawLaw
~House of Representatives~
1st Reading 2nd Reading 3rd Reading
~Senate~
1st Reading 2nd Reading 3rd Reading
BICAMERAL COMMITTEE
How a Bill Becomes LawHow a Bill Becomes Law
~House of Representatives~
1st Reading 2nd Reading 3rd Reading
~Senate~
1st Reading 2nd Reading 3rd Reading
President
How a Bill Becomes LawHow a Bill Becomes Law
~House of Representatives~
1st Reading 2nd Reading 3rd Reading
1st Reading 2nd Reading 3rd Reading
PresidentAPPROVE VETO
30 DAY PERIOD
Sources:Sources:
http://www.senate.gov.ph/senators/http://www.senate.gov.ph/senators/composition.asp#A._The_Officers_of_the_composition.asp#A._The_Officers_of_the_Senate_Senate_
http://www.congress.gov.ph/about/?http://www.congress.gov.ph/about/?about=officialsabout=officials