IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME
Workshop on PV End-of-Life Management: Challenges and Opportunities
at the 32nd EU-PVSECApproaches to PV Waste Management
in Japan
Munich, Germany, 21 June 2016
Keiichi KOMOTOMizuho Information & Research Institute, Japan
IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME
PV installation trends and waste projection
Cumulative installation : 34.4 GW by the end of 2015Political target by Gov. : approx. 64 GW by 2030PV module waste projection (lifetime = 25 yrs.)
: 28.5 kt/y in 2030, 62.8 kt/y in 2035, 798 kt/y in 2039
<Waste volume projection>
Ref: METI/MOE, 2016
Wei
ght
[t/y
ear]
20 yrs. 25 yrs. 30 yrs.
Keiichi Komoto, Workshop on PV End-of-Life Management: Challenges and Opportunities, Munich, Germany, 21 June 2016
<Installation trends>
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2030
[MW
/yea
r] (a
nnua
l), [
MW
] (cu
mul
ativ
e) Annual installation Cumulative installation
Political target for 2030
Ref: IEA PVPS Task1, 2015/2016
2
IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME
PV module waste projectionDepending upon the assumptions of estimation.
METI/MOE projection assumes an expected panel lifetime of 25 years and initial failure and/or warranty activation in 0.3% of panels installed each year.
Keiichi Komoto, Workshop on PV End-of-Life Management: Challenges and Opportunities, Munich, Germany, 21 June 2016Ref: IRENA/Task12, End-of-Life Management: Solar Photovoltaic Panels, 2016
3
IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME
Current status of PV recycling in JapanNo statistical data on wasted PV modules
Recently, wasted PV modules are occurred by natural disasters rather than the long-time use.
No specific regulations for wasted PV modulesThe wasted PV modules must be treated under the general regulatory framework for waste management—the Waste Management and Public Cleansing.The act prescribes definitions of wastes, responsibilities of industrial waste generators and handlers, handling of industrial wastes including landfill disposal, and so forth.Some wasted modules are used for the R&D, and ‘reuse’.
Roadmap: Preparation for proper treatment of mass disposalA roadmap for promoting a scheme for collection, recycling, and proper treatment; technology R&D; environmental friendly designs; guidelines for dismantling, transportation, and treatment; and publicity for users, was developed by METI/MOE in 2015.
Keiichi Komoto, Workshop on PV End-of-Life Management: Challenges and Opportunities, Munich, Germany, 21 June 2016 4
IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME
Roadmap for promoting the EOL management
Ref: METI/MOE, 2015
Keiichi Komoto, Workshop on PV End-of-Life Management: Challenges and Opportunities, Munich, Germany, 21 June 2016
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3
Buildup and formulation of system for collection, recycling, and proper treatment
Support for technology R&DPromoting environmental friendly designDevelopment of guideline for dismantlement, transportation and treatment
Publicity for PV owners/users
Considerations on how to continue operation, including reuse, after period of FIT scheme
Follow-up of progresses
5
IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME
Guideline for the EOL treatment1st edition of a guideline published in March 2016, by MOE
Objectiveto show points of concern and roles of relevant players, such as PV owners and related industries
ContentsFundamental information on PV systemsRelative laws and regulations for: Dismantlement: Transportation: Reuse: Recycling and disposal
Keiichi Komoto, Workshop on PV End-of-Life Management: Challenges and Opportunities, Munich, Germany, 21 June 2016 6
IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME
Technology R&D for PV module recycling
R&D projects conducted by NEDO
2010 - 2014 2015 2016 2017 2017Development of the PV recycling technology for various kinds of PV modules(under the Research and Development of High Performance PV Generation System for the Future)
Development project for Photovoltaic (PV) recycling technology
Feasibility study on low-cost recycling technologies
Demonstration of low-cost recycling technologies
R&D of low-cost re-use technologies for EOL PV modules
(Study on trends in PV module recycling and evaluation methodologies)
Keiichi Komoto, Workshop on PV End-of-Life Management: Challenges and Opportunities, Munich, Germany, 21 June 2016 7
IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME
Technology R&D for PV module recyclingDevelopment of the PV recycling technology for various kinds of PV modules (2010-2014)
FAIS, Shinryo, Showa Shell K.K. – Solar Frontier (& Kitakyushu-city, MHIR)
Keiichi Komoto, Workshop on PV End-of-Life Management: Challenges and Opportunities, Munich, Germany, 21 June 2016 8
IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME
Technology R&D for PV module recycling
Demonstration of low-cost recycling technologies (2015-2018)
Theme Organizations
Development of high-performance recycling technology using wet-method for crystalline Si PV modules
Toho Kasei Co., Ltd.
Development of low-cost cover-glass separation techniques for laminated glass-glass PV modules
Solar Frontier K.K.
Development of low-cost recycling technology for various kinds of PV modules
Shinryo Corporation
Development of recycling technology for crystalline Si PV modules
Mitsubishi Materials Corporation
Development of recycling technology using by heated cutting blade for separation
Hamada Corporation,NPC Incorporated
Keiichi Komoto, Workshop on PV End-of-Life Management: Challenges and Opportunities, Munich, Germany, 21 June 2016 9
IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME
Technology R&D for PV module recycling
R&D of low-cost re-use technologies for EOL PV modules (2016-2018)
ObjectiveTo develop low-cost re-use technologies consisted of taking-back, transportation, judgment, repair/restoration
Investigation: Marketing for the EOL (reuse) module (2016)
Keiichi Komoto, Workshop on PV End-of-Life Management: Challenges and Opportunities, Munich, Germany, 21 June 2016 10
IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME
Concluding remarks
Keiichi Komoto, Workshop on PV End-of-Life Management: Challenges and Opportunities, Munich, Germany, 21 June 2016
OutlookThe volumes of EOL modules likely will be small in the near term given, and will achieve significant levels in the medium and long term.Although Japan has no specific regulations for EOL PV modules, several political trends and R&D activities are helping build the groundwork for recycling.
Approaches for proper waste management: 3RReduce : reduction of weight/volume, such as higher efficiency, using light materials, etc.Reuse : possible secondary market under the certification/warranty schemeRecycle : recovering materials as much as possible, and hopefully as high-value resources
PV should be ‘CLEAN’, not a cause of a lot of waste.11