Outline
Objective Historical Background Methology Output Cause and Effect Conclusion
Objective
To assess the existing forest areas in each periods by using satellite imagery
To study and monitor forest cover areas in Thailand
To analyze the cause and effect of forest cover changes
Historical background
Department of national park wildlife and plant conservation ( former the Royal Forest Department ) start to use Land satellite-LANDSAT of Nation Aerospace Administrative –NASA since 1973
The Application of Satellite data to assess the existing forest cover of Thailand by visual interpretationin19731976,1978,1982,1985,1988,1991,1993,1995,1998,2000 and 2004
Historical background
Satellite Data : LANDSAT 1,2,3,4,5,7 Classification: Visual Interpretation Map Scale : 1 : 250000 /1 : 50000 Data source : Hard Copy Out source : Hard Copy Time Peroids : 2 – 4 years
Historical background
The Result : The result of the existing forest area of Thailand by using LANDSAT interpretation in Thailand. There are the existing forest areas as follow;
-----------Based map on scale 1 : 250,000-----------
In 1973 the existing forest areas are 221,725 square kilometers or 43.21 % of the countryIn 1976 the existing forest areas are 198,417 square kilometers or 38.67 % of the countryIn 1978 the existing forest areas are 175,224 square kilometers or 34.15 % of the countryIn 1982 the existing forest areas are 156,600 square kilometers or 30.52 % of the countryIn 1985 the existing forest areas are 150,866 square kilometers or 29.40 % of the country
In 1988 the existing forest areas are 143,803 square kilometers or 28.03 % of the countryIn 1989 the existing forest areas are 143,417 square kilometers or 27.95 % of the countryIn 1991 the existing forest areas are 136,698 square kilometers or 26.64 % of the countryIn 1993 the existing forest areas are 135,554 square kilometers or 26.03 % of the countryIn 1995 the existing forest areas are 131,485 square kilometers or 25.62 % of the countryIn 1998 the existing forest areas are 129,722 square kilometers or 25.28 % of the country
-----------Based map on scale 1 : 50,000-----------
In 2000 the existing forest areas are 172,050 square kilometers or 33.40 % of the countryIn 2004 the existing forest areas are 167,692 square kilometers or 32.67 % of the country
Methology
Classification categories
Upland forest Mangrove forest Shrimp farm Water Body Other land
Field survey
Topographic map Satellite imagery Ground photograph Crown cover and plant profile
Profile of Dry Dipterocarp Forest
Percent of Crown Cover = 52.21Percent of Crown Cover = 52.21 %%
Profile of Mixed Deciduous Forest
Percent of Crown Cover = 81.10Percent of Crown Cover = 81.10 %%
Profile of Dry Evergreen ForestProfile of Dry Evergreen Forest
Percent of Crown Cover = 87.41Percent of Crown Cover = 87.41 %%
Profile of Swamp Forest
Percent of Crown Cover = 80.04Percent of Crown Cover = 80.04 %%
Output
Forest Cover Map 2008 Forest Cover Change 2006 – 2008 Forest Cover in Conservation Area
Cause of Forest Changes
Land Demand for Agriculture ( main problem )
Land Demand for Resouvoir Land Demand for Residential Areas Land Demand for Commercial areas Land Demand for Recreation Areas Forest Fire
Effect of Forest Changes
Global Warming and Climate Changes * Long-term Working Group * Kyoto-Potocal Working Group
Water Supply decreasing * Drought
Natural disaster * Flood and Landslide
Sampling Area of Flood and landslide
6 Watershed area in Uttaradit province
Forest cover changes in Watershed 1
Forest cover change= 7.42 Km2 (7.07%)
Forest cover changes in Watershed 2
Forest cover change = 1.66 Km2 (2.30%)
Forest cover changes in Watershed 3
Forest cover changes= 2.20 Km2 (1.50%)
Forest cover changes in Watershed 4
Forest cover changes= 11.34 Km2 (5.58%)
Forest cover changes in Watershed 5
Forest cover changes= 1.45 กม2 (2.79%)
Forest cover changes in Watershed 6
Forest cover changes= 0.76 Km2 (0.73%)
The result of Forest cover monitoring
Remark : Watershed 1 and 4 have been landslide and flood in 23 May 2006
GIS Analysi
s
Slope Classes
Forest cover changes with Slope classes
Cause to landslide and flood in this area
Compare of forest cover change in 6 watershed
7.07 % (7.42 Km2 ) 5.58 % (11.34 Km2)
2.79% (1.45 Km2 )
2.30% (1.66 Km2 ) 1.50 %(2.20 Km2 )
0.73 % (0.76 Km2)
Field survey at the second time of flood and landslide in this area occur in May,18, 2009 after it heavy rain at the night time of May,17, 2009 to the morning of May,18, 2009
Timber Logging
Early warning system
Distinguish into 4 land cover categories Forest cover changes Slope map Drainage pattern Village position Drainage buffer zone
Natural ForestNatural Forest
Reforestation AreaReforestation Area
Forest area with OrchardForest area with Orchard
It happened landslide only in orchard area
Forest area with Field CropForest area with Field Crop
1
2
3
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Early warning system
Conclusion
Satellite data is very useful for forest cover monitoring and land use classification in Thailand
Geographic Information System is suitable for database and data analysis
Global Positioning system is convenience for navigation and survey