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Chapter 3
Settling the Northern Colonies
1619-1700
AMERICAN PAGEANT
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MARTIN LUTHER & ENGLISH
REFORMATION
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JOHN CALVIN
Calvinism--dominant
theology for N.E. Puritans &
other settlers
Doctrine of
Predestination: The electhad
already been determined
Conversion & Visible
Saints
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PURITANS & SEPARATISTS
Puritans
Purify Church of
England of all Catholic
influence
Separatists
Completely wanted to
break free from Churchof England
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JAMES I
1603-1625
Scotsman
Harassed Separatists
because they threatened his
leadership of the Church ofEngland
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PLYMOUTH BAY
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MAYFLOWER COMPACT
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MAP OF THE 13 COLONIES
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PLYMOUTH
Military leaderMyles
Standish
Winter 1620-21 44 of 102
survived
Helped by Squanto &
Chief Massasoit
Epidemic killed of
tribe before Pilgrims arrived
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WILLIAM BRADFORD
Chosen governor 30
times in annual elections
Wrote Plymouth
Plantation
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PLYMOUTH PLANTATION--
SURVIVAL
Economics Fur, Fish, Lumber
Beaver
Bible
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FIRST THANKSGIVING
Autumn, 1621
Celebrated with
Wampanoag Indians
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CHARLES I
Moderate Puritans
some support in
Parliament
Charles I-- Parliament
dismissed 1629
Sanctioned Puritan
persecution by archbishop
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MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY
1629--Puritans (non-
Separatists) formed
Massachusetts Bay CompanyUsed charter as constitution
163011 vessels, well
equipped
Part of Great Migration
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GREAT MIGRATION 1630-1642
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JOHN WINTHROP & CITY UPON
A HILL
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SUCCESS OF MASSACHUSETTS
BAY
Fur trade, fishing, shipbuilding
Largest/influential of all NewEngland Colonies
Protestant Ethicseriouscommitment to work including
worldly pursuits
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SUCCESS OF MASSACHUSETTS
BAY
Vote FreemenPuritan congregation adult males or
Visible Saints 2/5 of all males votemore than in England
All property owners could discuss issues as townmeetings
General Courtrepresentative assembly, but onlyfreemen participate
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JOHN COTTON & THE POWER
OF CLERGY
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ANNE HUTCHINSON
Bright, outspoken
Antinomianism Extreme Predestination
doctrine
Truly saved need notabide Gods or mans laws
Trial 1638 Out-reasoned inquisitors
Downfall--Belief in direct
revelation from God BanishedRhode Island
Died in NY from Indianattack
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ROGER WILLIAMS
Extreme separatist,
popular Salem minister
Radical Ideas:
Compensate Indiansfairly for land
Complete separation ofchurch and state
1635 Banished
Local Indians helpedhim survive
Founded Rhode Island
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RHODE ISLAND
1636
Complete religious freedom
Separation of church & state
No taxes to support church No compulsory attendance or
oaths
Universal manhood suffrage(property requirement came
later)Liberal, individualistic,Sewer
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THOMAS HOOKER
Connecticut River
Hartfordsettlement
Established byDutch &English
Hooker led large
group of Boston
puritans to Hartford
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FUNDAMENTAL ORDERS OF
CONNECTICUT
1639
ground breaking
A modern constitution
Established democratic
government
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CONNECTICUT COLONY
New Haven
1638
Close linkChurch & state
Disfavor with Charles II
1662Charter united
Connecticut river
settlements with New Haven
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MAINE & NEW HAMPSHIRE
Maine
1623--Sir Fernando Gorges
unsuccessful colonization
1677--absorbed by Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Fishing & trading community
1641 Absorbed by Massachusetts 1679 Made separate royal colony
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PEQUOT WAR
1637--Tension
ConnecticutRiver Valley
Militiamen &Narragansettallies
Wigwams
burned, survivorsshot
Pequotnearlyall destroyed
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KING PHILIPS WAR
16751676King Philip (or Metacom)Massasoits son
Coordinated assaults on villages
52 Puritan towns attacked, 12 completely destroyed
Slowed westward movement; tribes dispirited & reduced
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CHARLES II & THE
RESTORATION
1643 New England Confederation
Puritan club
1ststep to colonial unity
1660--Charles II restored to crown
Englands focus back on colonies
Found royal orders not followed
Land grant to Conn. & new charter to
Rhode Island 1684Bay Colony Charter revoked
Ends New England Confederation
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DOMINION OF NEW ENGLAND
& SIR EDMUND ANDROS
1686Dominion imposed by London
Enforce English Navigation Laws
Sir Edmund AndrosGovernor
Militaristic &Stopped town meetings
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GLORIOUS REVOLUTION:
WILLIAM & MARY
Bloodless Revolution James II deposed &
replaced with William& Mary
Ended Dominion ofNew England
Boston MobAndrostries to escape in adress
1691 Massachusettsroyal colony
Salutary Neglect
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NEW AMSTERDAM AND NEW
YORK
New AmsterdamManhattanIsland
Company town
Patroonships
Cosmopolitan population
New York--1664 Charles II--Granted to Duke of
York
Took from Dutch bloodlessly Aristocratic & autocratic colony
Lasting Dutch influence
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PETER STUYVESANT VS.
NEW SWEDEN
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PENNSYLVANIA & QUAKERS
William PennQuaker
Granted land by king to pay debt
to Penns deceased father--1681
Colony named after father
Best advertized colony
Bought land from Indians
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Quaker toleranceRepresentative assemblyNo tax supported statechurch, freedom of
worship (Jews & Catholicscould not vote or holdoffice)Ethnic diversity
Shrewd business peopleIn 19 yearssurpassedpopulation of all coloniesexcept MA
PENNSYLVANIA & QUAKERS
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NEW JERSEY
Small Quaker settlement
1664Duke of York granted land
to two noblemen
New Englanders flocked o new soil
West & East New Jersey sold to
Quakers
1702Crown unified and made it
a royal colony
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DELAWAREOnly 3 counties
Named after Lord De La Warr
Some Quakersassociatedwith Pennsylvania
Own assembly--1703
Controlled by PN until after
Amer. Revolution
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CONTRASTING COLONIES
Middle Colonies Fertile soil, bread colonies
Riversbackcountry not mills
Industry
Harbors
Middle size farmers (except NY)
Ethnically mixed
Religiously toleration & democratic
Southmore aristocracy & lessurban development
NorthUrban development, Townmeetings.