Anlkle joint
D.Rania GabrD.Sama.D.Elsherbiny
Calcaneus
Talus
Navicular
Cuboid
Cuneiform bones
Metatarsals
Phalanges
Tarsal bones
Cuboid Calcaneus
TalusN
C
Sustentaculum tali
Sesamoid bone
Medial tubercle
Lateral tubercle
Ankle joint
Planter-flexion
Dorsi-flexion
Talo-calcaneo-navicular joint
Calcaneo cuboid joint Subtaler joint
Eversion Inversion
ANKLE JOINT
Anterior view Lateral view
Type & Articular Surfaces
ARTICULAR SURFACES:UPPER:A socket formed by: Lateral malleolus. the lower end of tibia & medial malleolus.
LOWER:Body of talus.
TYPE: synovial, hinge joint.
LigamentsMEDIAL (DELTOID) LIGAMENT:A strong triangular ligament.Apex: attached to medial malleolus.Base: subdivided into 4 parts:1. Anterior tibiotalar part.2. Tibionavicular part.3. Tibiocalcaneal part.4. Posterior tibiotalar part.
LATERAL LIGAMENT:Composed of 3 separate ligaments 1. Anterior talofibular ligament.2. Calcaneofibular ligament.3. Posterior talofibular ligament.
1
2
3
12 3 4
Movements
DORSIFLEXION: Performed by muscles of anterior compartment of leg (tibialis
anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus & peroneus tertius).
PLANTERFLEXION: Initiated by soleus. Maintained by gastrocnemius. Assisted by other muscles in posterior compartment of leg (tibialis
posterior, flexor digitorum longus & flexor hallucis longus) + muscles of lateral compartment of leg (peroneus longus & peroneus brevis).
Joints of the Foot
1. Subtalar Joint: Articular surface:
between the talus and calcaneus.
Movement: inversion and eversion of the foot.
2. Talocalcaneonavicular joint Type: synovial ball and socket.
3. Calcaneocuboid Joint:
Type: synovial, plane joint
4. Talocalcanean Joint:Type: Synovial, plane variety.
Inferior extensor
retinaculum
Superior extensor
retinaculum
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Tom……..Has……..Very……Nice….Dog…..&Pig
Extensor Retinaculum
Peroneal Retinacula
P.BP.L
Flexor retinaculumTom……..Dose……..Very……Nice….Hat…..
Arches of the Foot
1. Longitudinal Arch: is divided into two parts:a) Medial arch.b) Lateral arch.
• Medial longitudinal arch: Function: Important in the process of walking and running.• Lateral longitudinal arch: Function: important in supporting the body weight, 2. Transverse Arch:Function: Protection of the soft tissue of the sole of the foot during standing or walking.
Arches of the Foot
Factors maintaining the arches of the foot:1. Shape of the bones. 2. Long tendons of the foot:3. Ligaments of the joints of the foot: 4. Planter aponeurosis:5. Superficial fascia:Flat foot: loss of the arches of the foot.Causes: ??