Alfred H L ToruanM. Fatikh Nanda
Nugroho S. S
∞Kalvaria∞ Meningen ∞ Brain
∞ Spinal cord
BRAIN
The cranium (skull) is divided into two parts ¤ Neurocranium
¤ Viscerocranium . ►The neurocranium (cranial vault) is the
bony covering of the brain and its membranous coverings, the cranial meninges.
► The neurocranium is formed by a series of eight bones:
∂ four singular bones centered on the midline (frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, and occipital).
∂ two sets of bones occurring as bilateral pairs (temporal and parietal).
The viscerocranium (facial skeleton) consists of the bones surrounding the mouth (upper
and lower jaws), nose/nasal cavity, and most of the orbits (eye sockets or orbital cavities). nasal conchae; and zygomatic, palatine, nasal, and lacrimal bones) .
The maxillae contribute the greatest part of the upper facial
skeleton, forming the skeleton of the upper jaw, which is fixed to the cranial base.
The mandible forms the skeleton of the lower jaw, which is movable
because it articulates with the cranial base at the temporomandibular joints (TMJs).
Several bones of the cranium (frontal, temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones) are pneumatized bones, which contain air spaces , presumably to decrease their weight. The total volume of the air spaces in these bones increases with age.
CRANIUM
Dome like roof
Primarily flat bones (frontal, temporal, and parietal) formed by intramembranous ossification .
CRANIAL BASE Primarily irregular
bones with substantial flat portions (sphenoidal, temporal) formed by endochondral ossification of cartilage
CRANIAL BASE
MeningensDuramaterArakhnoidmat
erPiamater
BRAIN a. Serebrum, b. Serebellum c. Batang otak.
Dienchephalon ☻Hiphothalamus
☻Epithalamus
☻Thalamus
Mesenchephalon Metenchepalon Myelechepalon
Ventrikel
Ventrikel LateralVebtrikel IIIAquaductus SilviusVentrikel IV
Cerebrospinal fluid
Ganglia BasalisPutamenNukleus amigdaloidNukleus KaudatusCapsula inter
Ganglia Basalis
PutamenNukleus amigdaloidNukleus KaudatusCapsula interna
VaskularisasiArteri A. Cerebri Anterior A. Cerebri Media A. Cerebri posterior
VENA
Central Nervous System
Spinalcord
Cerebellum
Spinal Cord
TENK KYU