Anatomy and Physiology Review Jennifer Hayes-Klosteridis
University of Maryland, Baltimore
Slide 2
Key Point for Nursing school Homeostasis
Slide 3
Review of Key Topics Nervous System Endocrine System Cardiac
Cycle Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS)
Slide 4
The Nervous System
Slide 5
Autonomic Nervous System First neurons are within the CNS and
extend axons to the second neuron (outside CNS) Synapse of first
and second = ganglion Ganglion can be near or far away from
CNS
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Autonomic Nervous System Sympathetic Nervous System First
neurons from cranial nerves (II, VII, IX, X) and sacral region (S2,
S3, S4) of CNS (craniosacral outflow) First neuron axons =
parasympathetic preganglionic nerves Second neuron axons =
parasympathetic post ganglionic nerves parasympathetic
preganglionic nerves secrete Acetylcholine (ACH) parasympathetic
postganglionic nerves secrete Acetylcholine (ACH) Acetylcholine
binds to nicotinic (ANS ganglia and neuromuscular junction) and
muscarinic receptors (heart, smooth muscle, glands) Inhibitory
(rest and digest) Parasympathetic Nervous System First neurons from
thoracic and lumbar regions of CNS (Thoracolumbar outflow) First
neuron axons = sympathetic preganglionic nerves Second neuron axons
= sympathetic post ganglionic nerves sympathetic preganglionic
nerves secrete Acetylcholine (ACH) Sympathetic postganglionic
nerves secrete noradrenaline and adrenaline Noradrenaline binds to
( 1 ) and ( 1 ) adrenergic receptors Adrenaline binds to ( 1 ) and
( 2 and 1 ) adrenergic receptors Excitatory (fight or flight)
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Autonomic Nervous System- Important Point Pharmaceutical agents
work by blocking (antagonist) or stimulating (agonist) ANS
receptors
Endocrine System: Overview Network of glands that release
hormones into the bloodstream
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Endocrine System: Major Organs and Hormones
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Endocrine System: Feedback Loops
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Endocrine and Nervous System: working together
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Autonomic Nervous System Electrical signal Fast response Short
duration Endocrine System Chemical signal Slower response Longer
duration Endocrine and Nervous System: working together