Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye
Medical Terminology 120Latoyska Howard
Emmetropia (EM)
State of normal vision No need for contact lenses
or glasses Occurs when cornea
curvature, shape of the lens and their distance from each other and retina are working together perfectly
Cornea and lens focus the rays of light from the object evenly on the retina, creating a sharp image
Ophthalmology (Ophth)
Branch of medicine specializing in the anatomy, function and diseases of the eye.
Ophthalmologist – Specialize in eye and vision care – Prescribe glasses and contact lenses and eye surgery
Specialties – Glaucoma – Neuro – Ophthalmology – Pediatric – Ophthalmic – And many more…
Astigmatism (Astigm)
A condition where light rays are not focused evenly on the retina. This causes a person to have distorted image– In other words a person doesn’t see as
clearly as they should
Esotropia (ST)
Condition where an eye is turned inward– Known as cross eyed– Example, of strabismus
Muscle weakness of the eye Conditions begins in early child hood Adults can form this condition
– loss of vision– Grave’s disease – Brain or head tumor or trauma
Can run in the family
Visual Acuity (VA)
Measures the sharpness of a patients vision
A chart is used called a Snellen Chart – Patient identifies
letters from a distance of 20 feet
Laser –Assisted in – situ Keratomileusis (LASIK)
Laser –Assisted in – situ Keratomileusis (LASIK)
Common surgery correcting nearsightedness– Astigmatism– Myopia
Removes tissue from the cornea w/o damaging any tissue surrounding it
It’s a cosmetic surgery and may or may not be covered by insurance
Exotropia (XT)
Outward turning of the eye – Example of strabismus – Called wall-eyed
Each Eye/ Both Eye (OU)
OU – Means dealing with both eyes – Usually seen for prescriptions for glasses
or contact lenses
Rapid Eye Movement (REM)
Occurs when enters the sleep stage REM
– 90 minutes after the body has entered the sleep stage
– Intense dreams may occur
Eye, Ears, Nose, and Throat (EENT)
A brunch of medicine specializing in the, eye, ears, nose and throat
Bone Conduction (BC)
Conduction of sound through the bones of the skull
High pitched sounds– Causes vibrations – Compresses the bony case of the inner ear– Stimulates the sensory cells
Perceives sound waves in the air Low pitched sounds (inertial bone)
– Vibrate the entire skull