Analysis of different approaches to the management of motor sports noise and application to an international racing track
Analysis of different approaches to the management of motor sports
noise and application to an international racing track
Xavier Kaiser and Jean-Jacques Embrechts
University of Liège
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Analysis of different approaches to the management of motor sports noise and application to an international racing track
INTRODUCTION
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Analysis of different approaches to the management of motor sports noise and application to an international racing track
• Need to found a compromise between acoustical comfort of neighborhood, the desire of a community to enjoy their sport and economical impacts
• Implies the need of a objective criteria to characterize the acoustic annoyance
• Limits values must be proposed and compared to the noise emission of the racing track
• Management and control of sound emission to guarantee the respect of the criteria
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Analysis of different approaches to the management of motor sports noise and application to an international racing track
OVERVIEW OF EXISTING LEGISLATIONS
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Analysis of different approaches to the management of motor sports noise and application to an international racing track
• European legislation
• Other rules and legislations
– Other countries
– Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile (FIA)
• World Health Organization (W.H.O.)
• Scientific literature
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Analysis of different approaches to the management of motor sports noise and application to an international racing track
APPLICATION TO AN INTERNATIONAL RACING TRACK
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Analysis of different approaches to the management of motor sports noise and application to an international racing track
Choice of a noise indicator
– LAeq,1h: used for example in the Walloon noise legislation.
– LAeq,8h: mentioned in the standard ISO R1996.
– LAeq,16h: used by the W.H.O. to represent the annoyance in outdoor living area, for the period including the day and the evening.
– LAeq,15': indicator used for some circuits in Australia.
– Lmax: used by the W.H.O. to specify noise levels guaranteeing the quality of sleep.
– Lden: indicator derived from the equivalent levels LAeq, with a minimal reference period of 24 hours, often longer (up to one complete year).
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Analysis of different approaches to the management of motor sports noise and application to an international racing track
Choice of a noise indicator
– LAeq,1h: used for example in the Walloon noise legislation.
– LAeq,8h: mentioned in the standard ISO R1996.
– LAeq,16h: used by the W.H.O. to represent the annoyance in outdoor living area, for the period including the day and the evening.
– LAeq,15': indicator used for some circuits in Australia.
– Lmax: used by the W.H.O. to specify noise levels guaranteeing the quality of sleep.
– Lden: indicator derived from the equivalent levels LAeq, with a minimal reference period of 24 hours, often longer (up to one complete year).
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Analysis of different approaches to the management of motor sports noise and application to an international racing track
Noise limits in the immission zone
– Industrial noise regulation in Wallonia: LAeq,1h limited to 55
dB(A) during daytime in residential areas.
– W.H.O.: LAeq,16h is limited outdoor to 55 dB(A), during the
day and evening period, in residential area.
– in Germany and Austria, the noise emitted by sporting installations is limited to a maximum level, comprised between 50 dB(A) and 60 dB(A) during daytime. Otherwise, the activities are limited in number of days.
– Various studies estimate that the acoustical annoyance starts at an Lden value of 55 dB(A).
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Analysis of different approaches to the management of motor sports noise and application to an international racing track
– LAeq,1h limited to 55 dB(A) during daytime
– Lden,1year limited to 55 dB(A)
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Analysis of different approaches to the management of motor sports noise and application to an international racing track
“In situ” measurements
– Objective: determine the relation between the maximum noise levels measured near the track and the equivalent noise levels in the immission zone
– measurements carried out on a great number of different vehicles (cars and motorbikes)
– during races (with multiples vehicles) or training (with one vehicle)
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Analysis of different approaches to the management of motor sports noise and application to an international racing track
Formule 1 Leq 20ms A dB SEL dBSAM 24/02/07 12h12m18s000 92,5 0:04:08:000 116,4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
12h13 12h14 12h15 12h16
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Analysis of different approaches to the management of motor sports noise and application to an international racing track
Picture Indicator Up 1 Down 1 Up 2 Down 2 Maximum
Leq(20ms) 94,8 103,4 94,6 104,7 104,7
Leq(1s) 90,6 98,4 91,1 98,2 98,4
Leq(120ms) 94,2 102,7 93,8 103,1 103,1
Lp,fast max 93,6 102,2 93,4 102,6 102,6
SEL 91,4 99,7 92,0 100,7 100,7
Leq(20ms) 110,4 106,5 109,7 107,0 110,4
Leq(1s) 106,8 103,4 105,0 102,7 106,8
Leq(120ms) 109,6 105,8 108,3 105,9 109,6
Lp,fast max 109,4 105,5 107,8 105,6 109,4
SEL 108,6 105,0 106,4 104,0 108,6
Leq(20ms) 103,5 117,2 109,2 117,1 117,2
Leq(1s) 99,8 111,6 100,7 113,1 113,1
Leq(120ms) 102,4 116,3 104,5 116,4 116,4
Lp,fast max 102,0 115,6 104,2 116,1 116,1
SEL 101,9 112,5 103,7 113,6 113,6
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Analysis of different approaches to the management of motor sports noise and application to an international racing track
Control of individual noise emissions of the vehicles
– “on track” measurements (15 meters from track axis)
– one or more sonometers, synchronized with the transponders of the vehicles
– measurements in Lmax,fast or Leq,125ms
– must ensure to respect the immission criteria (LAeq,1h and
Lden,1year) ≤ 55 dBA
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Analysis of different approaches to the management of motor sports noise and application to an international racing track
Categories of motor sports activities
– Category A:
• no noise limit would be imposed for these
competitions.
• the annual number of days of this type of competitions
would be limited to respect Lden,1year ≤ 55 dB(A).
A first estimation for our circuit results in limiting these
events to 12 days per year.
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Analysis of different approaches to the management of motor sports noise and application to an international racing track
– Category B:
• Lmax (measured at 15m from the track) is limited to 100
dB(A), for all vehicles running during this activity.
• the annual number of days of this type of competitions
should be limited to respect Lden,1year ≤ 55 dB(A).
A first estimation for our circuit results in limiting these
events to 50 days per year.
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Analysis of different approaches to the management of motor sports noise and application to an international racing track
– Category C:
• Lmax(15m) is limited to 90 dB(A), for all vehicles
running during this activity.
• The annual number of days would not be limited, for
the events in this category.
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Analysis of different approaches to the management of motor sports noise and application to an international racing track
• The suggested limit value of 90 dB(A) is based on a simplified approach which enabled us to estimate that if the vehicles respect this limit, LAeq,1h ≤ 55 dB(A) in the residential zones near the circuit.
• The suggested limit value of 100 dB(A) results from the distribution of the competitions in the categories A and B, to ensure the respect of the Lden,1year of 55 dB(A) in the residential area close to the circuit.
• The relevance of these limit values and the number of days authorized in the categories A and B need of course to be confirmed by more detailed study and/or the measurements carried during the exploitation of the circuit.
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Analysis of different approaches to the management of motor sports noise and application to an international racing track
CONCLUSIONS• After having realized a survey of existing rules, legislation
and scientific studies concerning the acoustical impact of motor sports activities on the surrounding residential area, we have proposed a noise management procedure that can be applied to an international racing track.
• A temporary period of at least one year of exploitation of the circuit has been suggested, during which noise measurements and analysis will be performed, in order to verify the practical application of the restrictions which have been defined in the management procedure.