Disclaimer: This ‘Sindh Coast: A marvel of nature –
An Ecotourism Guidebook’ was made possible with
support from the American people delivered through
the United States Agency for International
Development (USAID). The contents are the
responsibility of IUCN Pakistan and do not necessarily
reflect the opinion of USAID or the U.S. Government.
Published by
IUCN Pakistan
Copyright
© 2017 International Union for Conservation of Nature.
Citation is encouraged. Reproduction and/or
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written permission from IUCN Pakistan, provided the
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publication for resale or other commercial purposes is
prohibited without prior written permission from IUCN
Pakistan.
Author
Nadir Ali Shah
Co-Author and Technical Review
Naveed Ali Soomro
Review and Editing
Ruxshin Dinshaw, IUCN Pakistan
Danish Rashdi, IUCN Pakistan
Photographs
IUCN, Zahoor Salmi
Naveed Ali Soomro, IUCN Pakistan
Designe
Azhar Saeed, IUCN Pakistan
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Table of ContentsChapter-1: Overview of Ecotourism and
Sindh Coast .................................................... 02
1.1 Understanding ecotourism...................... 02
1.2 Key principles of ecotourism................... 03
1.3 Main concepts in ecotourism .................. 04
1.4 Identifying ecotourism
opportunities along Sindh coast ............. 06
Chapter-2: Ecotourism at Sandspit.............. 08
2.1 Overview of Sandspit .............................. 08
2.2 Accessibility and key ecotourism
destinations ............................................. 09
2.3 Ecotourism activities ............................... 09
2.4 Key stakeholders..................................... 11
2.5 Ecotourism packages.............................. 11
Chapter-3: Ecotourism at Rehri.................... 14
3.1 Overview of Rehri .................................... 14
3.2 Accessibility and key ecotourism
destinations ............................................. 14
3.3 Ecotourism activities ............................... 15
3.4 Key stakeholders..................................... 17
3.5 Ecotourism packages.............................. 17
Chapter-4: Ecotourism at Cape Monze ....... 18
4.1 Overview of Cape Monze ........................ 18
4.2 Accessibility and key ecotourism
destinations ............................................. 18
4.3 Ecotourism activities ............................... 19
4.4 Key stakeholders..................................... 21
4.5 Ecotourism packages.............................. 21
Chapter-5: Ecotourism at Keti Bunder ........ 24
5.1 Overview of Keti Bunder.......................... 24
5.2 Accessibility and key
eco-destinations...................................... 25
5.3 Ecotourism activities ............................... 25
5.4 Key stakeholders..................................... 28
5.5 Ecotourism packages.............................. 28
Chapter-6: Ecotourism guidelines and
visitor satisfaction ......................................... 30
6.1 Ecotourism experience............................ 30
6.2 Nature tour guidelines ............................. 31
6.3 Legal requirements and procedures........ 34
6.4 Operations and safety ............................. 34
6.5 Achieving visitor satisfaction ................... 35
2
1.1 Understanding
ecotourismEcotourism is an ethical and
responsible form of tourism
which provides an opportunity for
healthy recreational activities and
adventure. It explores the
ecological, cultural, historical and
archaeological treasures of a
natural area while preserving its
integrity and enhancing economic
development opportunities for
local communities.
Ecotourism means different
things to different people. To
some, it is the general term that
encompasses nature‐based
adventure, soft adventure, and
cultural tourism. We’ll explore
those terms below. To others, the
term ecotourism means
ecologically sustainable, low
impact, culturally sensitive,
learning‐oriented, and
community supporting tourism. In
other words, ecotourism is
small‐scale, compatible with the
environment, educational, and
provides benefits to the
communities in or close to which
it occurs. It is often contrasted
with mass tourism.
Chapter-1
Overview of Ecotourism and Sindh Coast
responsible business, which
works cooperatively with
local authorities and people
to meet local needs and
deliver conservation
benefits.
- Direct revenues to the
conservation and
management of natural and
protected areas.
- Emphasize the need for
regional tourism zoning and
for visitor management
plans designed for either
regions or natural areas that
are slated to become eco-
destinations.
- Emphasize use of
environmental and social
base-line studies, as well as
long-term monitoring
programmes, to assess and
minimize impacts.
- Strive to maximize
economic benefit for the
host country, local business
and communities,
particularly people living in
and adjacent to natural and
protected areas.
- Seek to ensure that tourism
development does not
exceed the social and
environmental limits of
acceptable change as
determined by researchers
in cooperation with local
residents.
- Rely on infrastructure that
has been developed in
harmony with the
environment, minimizing use
of fossil fuels, conserving
3
Sustainablility is defined as
“meeting the needs of the
present without compromising
the ability of future generations
to meet their needs.” Another
view holds that sustainable
tourism is “travel to natural
areas that is beneficial to local
economies, respectful of the
environment, and sensitive to
indigenous cultures.”
1.2 Key principles of
ecotourismBecause ecotourism was
originally just an idea, not a
discipline, many businesses and
governments promoted it
without an understanding of its
most basic principles. Each
region engaging in ecotourism
should develop its own
principles, guidelines and
certification procedures based
on the materials already
available internationally. This
process of creating international
certification guidelines is far
from being completed.
Main features of ecotourism:
- Minimize the negative
impacts on nature and
culture that can damage a
destination.
- Educate the traveller on the
importance of conservation.
- Stress the importance of
local plants and wildlife, and blending with the
natural and cultural environment.
1.3 Main concepts in ecotourism
- Ecotour
By definition, an ecotour is a visit to a scenic or
ecologically important area while attempting to
minimize the negative impacts on the environment
and on the local habitat or inhabitants. It also
entails a visit to an area that either contributes to
the protection of the environment or minimizes
damage to it. Ecotours, therefore, require
adequate planning and accessibility to resources
so that there are no barriers in arranging travel to
the desired destination. Globally, ecotours are
created in a well-planned manner with an
interactive learning experience. It introduces small
groups of travellers to unique environments and
cultures while minimizing environmental impacts
and supporting conservation efforts. Ecotours are
now arranged by local or international operators,
may have a seasonal run, and are organised by
family and medium scale operators alike, as well
as highly organised groups. The business
generated through these ecotours can run into
millions of dollars and in some cases maybe a
source of revenue for countries.
For a well-planned ecotour, adequate planning is
required and the traveller must have prior
information about the culture, biodiversity and
environment of the area to be visited. Such
travellers should be informed about dress code to
be followed and properly briefed on arrival at the
destinations on the dos and don’ts. Well-trained
nature guides are necessarily required in a well-
designed ecotour, which may involve interaction
with communities as well.
In the case of Sindh, adequate planning is
required for arranging any ecotours to the
selected sites. This may include a visit to a
mangrove ecosystem, which requires special
shoes and gear to visit the mudflats and walk
among pneumatophores. A similar visit to Cape
Monze in Karachi requires trekking gear and
equipment for study of underwater biodiversity.
- Eco-destination
In general, plans for ecotours are made for areas
whose ecological, historical or archaeological
significance is well established and must have
adequate arrangements and facilities for tourists
to visit key attractions. For example, if an ecotour
destination has a particular iconic animal, then
ecotourists may be able to see that animal in the
wild or witnesses some evidence of the presence
of that animal. If this doesn’t happen, then the
eco-destination may not serve the purpose of
satisfying the need of the eco-tourists who
typically look for experiences that provide a sense
of closeness to nature. Such destinations will
attract more ecotourists where there is an
appropriate interaction with the local
communities, as it gives ecotourists a sense of
integration with local communities. Large
ecotourism setups are planned with built up,
walled-in complexes, golf courses, clubs and
other similar arrangements which possibly make
these eco-destinations appropriate. Although no
guideline of a typical eco-destination is available,
the basic principle is that such a site attracts
ecotourists because of the diversity of habitat, its
historical importance or because of significant
archaeological remains.
It is essential that an eco-destination should have
natural features conserved within a protected
landscape and if any development is made, it
should not impact negatively on it. It must also
be ensured that eco-tourism is not harming
natural systems such as creek areas, mudflats
and wildlife hotspots. However, the eco-
destination must have facilities for tourists, such
as public showers and toilets as well as
restaurants and eateries. Along the Sindh coast, a
few sites have been proposed as eco-
destinations where such infrastructure needs to
placed, otherwise, the eco-destinations will not
be attractive to a large number of travellers.
- Eco-lodge
Lodging facilities are required at eco-destinations,
if these are located far from any major population
centre. A Eco-lodge needs to be constructed and
5
managed with the aim that it conserves the
surrounding environment, both natural as well as
cultural. It should be ensured that during the
construction, completion and operational phases,
there is minimal or no impact on the natural
surroundings. Eco-lodges should be developed to
enhance aesthetic value, and fit into the physical
and cultural context with proper landscaping and
colour selection. Preferably locally architecture
needs to be adopted. These eco-lodges should
not be a burden on the environment in terms of
water use, water extraction and sewage and solid
waste disposal. Eco-lodges must contribute to
sustainable local development and endeavour to
involve local communities in the form of local eco-
guides.
In the case of Sindh, no adequate eco-lodges are
available at any of the proposed sites. However,
the eco-lodges should be established as per the
requirement and flow of travellers and visitors to
the site. This will not only enhance ecotourism,
but will also be a good source of income
generation for the local population.
1.4 Identifying ecotourism
opportunities along the
Sindh coastThere are a great number of ecotourism
opportunities along the Sindh coast which are
described under the following three categories.
6
- Nature based attractions
Nature‐based tourism consists of taking visitors
to see, photograph and experience natural
features or wildlife along the coast. It is
sometimes called wildlife viewing wildlife tourism,
or geo‐tourism. Examples are dolphin viewing,
bird watching, and mangroves watching.
Visitor surveys show that tourists come to the
Sindh coast to see wildlife. Pristine lagoons,
creeks and coastlines can also serve as the basis
for a nature‐based tourism business in Sindh.
- Adventure based attractions
Adventure tourism usually means activities that
include an element of danger but are generally
safe and do not require special training on the
part of clients. These activities are not considered
to be so difficult that most visitors would be
unable to participate. Extreme adventure includes
more demanding and hazardous activities such as
SCUBA diving, and boat riding, among others.
- Cultural attractions
Cultural tourism is another form of ecotourism,
and has great potential along the Sindh coast. It
can also be called heritage tourism. it includes
experiencing the arts, heritage, and special
character of a place. Heritage or cultural tourism
showcases material culture, such as handicrafts,
and intangible culture such as subsistence
activities, traditional cuisine and native dancing.
Examples of cultural attractions include bon fires,
traditional cuisine, artwork and handicrafts,
among others.
7
8
2.1 Overview of SandspitIn Pakistan, the most important
nesting beach for marine turtles is
located at Sandspit (Hawkes Bay)
near Karachi. The beach lies
about 15km southwest of
Karachi. It is estimated that about
6,000 green turtles nest at
Hawksbay–Sandspit annually1. In
addition, about 200 olive Ridley
turtle used to nest this beach but
unfortunately, no nesting of olive
Ridley turtle has been reported
from Sandspit or any other beach
along Pakistan for the last 12
years. In addition, about 200
Olive Ridley turtles used on this
beach in the past; however, no
such nesting has been reported
from Sandspit or any other beach
along the Pakistan coast over the
last 12 years.
The backwaters of Sandspit are
located at the extreme end of
Manora Channel on which
Karachi Port is located. These
backwaters are well known for
their mudflats and mangroves.
Only one species of mangroves
Chapter-2
Ecotourism at Sandspit
1. Firdous F. Sea turtle education and conservation in Karachi, Pakistan. ASEAN
Reviews of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation (ARBEC) 2001.
9
Younasbad, turns west at
Kakapir village, and connects to
Hawksbay Drive along Sandspit
beach. Alternatively, driving on
Mauripur Road after crossing
Mauripur, it turns west and
continue till Hawksbay Drive.
Turning left from Edi Chowk, if
one takes a left turn on
Hawksbay Drive, it will reach
Sandspit beach.
Important destinations along
Sandspit are limited, but include
the turtle beach, Kakapir, rocky
ledge at Kakapir, Manora
approaches and Sandspit-
Hawksbay sandy shore. Since
Sandspit beach is limited to a
small stretch of about 10 km, it
is considered a package of the
above-mentioned destinations.
2.3 Ecotourism activitiesDespite immense potential,
ecotourism activities at
Sandspit are limited to a few
such excursions in a year. The
need for organizing regular
ecotourism activities in the
Sandspit area cannot be over
emphasized. The following
important activities could be
conducted. A brief description
of each activity is given below.
- Beach Leisure and Turtle
Watch
Sandspit beach is a marvellous
place where hundreds of Green
and Olive Ridley turtles come
ashore every year for nesting.
Visitors can watch the turtle
coming ashore, digging pits and
laying its eggs; and if they are
lucky enough, they may see the
baby turtles hatch and travel
back to the sea with magical
movements.
Season: August through January
(Avicennia marina) grows
profusely in the area. In
addition, a large variety of
marine birds use the mudflat for
feeding and breeding.
Flamingos, pelicans, terns, gull
and waders can be seen in large
numbers in the area. About 114
species of birds have been
reported from the area, among
which the majority are
migratory, and 66 are winter
visitors, which includs
vulnerable species. Sandspit is
an important beach along
Karachi which is frequented by
picnickers, sport fishermen and
nature lovers. Because of the
proximity with Karachi and
diversity of habitats (sandy and
rocky shores, mangroves,
mudflats, turtle beach) it is the
second most visited beach
along the Pakistan coast.
2.2 Accessibility and key
ecotourism
destinationsSandspit is accessible from all
weathered metalled roads that
link Karachi, City to the western
coast of Karachi. Mauripur road
starts from Jinnah Bridge,
located at the junction of M. A.
Jinnah Road, M. T. Khan Road
and Native Jetty Bridge. Turning
left from Gulbai flyover, Mauripur
Road passes through Hawksbay
Truck Stand and then, crossing
the Grax and Mauripur
settlements, it turns left onto
Kakapir Road. This is through
- Dolphin Watch
The most unique eco-adventure opportunity
Sandspit offers is the thrill of watching bottlenose
and spinner dolphins in their natural splendour.
This enthralling activity starts with sunrise and
provides a unique experience when these frisky
dolphins get closer to the boat.
Season: October through March
- Mangrove Forests Boating & Marsh
Trekking Excursion
Sandspit is an excellent destination for an
adventurous boat ride through the backwater
channels and inside the lush green mangrove
forests. This wilderness journey brings tourists
close to the mangroves so that they can enjoy
these marvels of nature. The trek through the
natural marsh that trails inside the mangroves is a
stirring experience, which allows tourists a closer
glimpse of the life teeming inside this coastal
ecosystem.
Season: Throughout the year
- Bird Watching
At sunrise and sunset, it is pleasurable to relax
and observe the variety of birds flitting about their
feeding and resting grounds at Sandspit. In
winter, more than 20,000 migratory birds,
including shore birds, visit Sandspit.
Season: November through March
- Camel and Horse Riding
A camel/horse ride through the saltpans and bird
sighting trails, and along the seashore and
beautiful adjoining landscapes, provide an
exciting and refreshing experience to nature
lovers.
Season: Throughout the year
- Traditional cuisine
The fishing communities located in Sandspit are
known for their delicious seafood specialties. Fresh
fish is fried, broiled or grilled and a number of
dishes are cooked such as fish gravy, fish pulao,
fried fish and fish Cheema among others. Sandspit
is the best destination if you love seafood.
Season: Throughout the year
2.4 Key stakeholdersThe key stakeholders for ecotourism activities in
Kakapir are the Sindh Wildlife Department which
can manage turtle watching, and WWF-Pakistan,
which can arrange turtle and dolphin watches,
bird sighting, mangrove walks, visits to the
Wetland Centre, and can also facilitate boat rides
in the backwaters. The coastal community of
Kakapir can arrange ecotourism activities in
mangrove areas, and on mudflats and sand
beaches including boat rides. IUCN and other
environmental NGOs can also play an important
role in various ecotourism activities in the area.
Additionally, life guards, hut owners, Pakistan
Navy, Karachi Port Trust, Police and local
administration are also important stakeholders.
2.5 Ecotourism packagesAlthough no packaged ecotourism activities have
been arranged a number of activities can be
merged to develop a package for ecotourism in
the area. Some of the packages can be:
l Turtle watch and mangrove excursion,
including watching the sunset: This package
will involve activities which may be started
late in the afternoon and end at about 10:00
PM after the turtle watch.
l Boating in mangroves and bird watching:
This package may be arranged with the help
of Kakapir community and will involve about
one full day during which boating will be
done in creeks within the mangroves,
supplemented by bird watching in
backwater mudflats.
l Dolphin Watch: This package will include a
boat ride in the open sea, scouting for
dolphins and may be supplemented by
angling and sport fishing.
l Visit to Wetland Centre: This package may
include visiting WWF-Pakistan’s Wetland
Centre as well as a stroll on the mangrove
walkway. This package is suited for school
children and naturalists.
Additionally, in all the packages, picnic on the
sandy beach with swimming, and camel or horse
riding may be included, which will be an added
attraction for the tourists. Other packages can
also be developed including visits to marginal
areas of Sandspit.
11
12
S. No. Time Activity
One-day trip Package-1
1, 0700 to 0800 Travel from Karachi to Kakapir Village, Sandspit
2. 0800 to 0930 Boating in mangroves forest
3. 0930 to 1000 Bird watching in narrow channels of mangroves
4. 1000 to 1030 Refreshment / tea at Kakapir Village
5. 1030 to 1130 Camel and horse ride / Shell collection at the shore
6. 1130 to 1200 Traditional lunch of area
S. No. Time Activity
One-day trip Package-2
1. 0600 to 0700 Travel from Karachi to Kakapir Village, Sandspit
2. 0700 to 09:00 Dolphin watching
3. 0900 to 1030 Boating and bird watching in narrow channels of mangroves
4. 1030 to 1100 Trekking in the marshy land of mangroves
5. 1100 to 1130 Refreshment / tea at Kakapir Village
6. 1130 to 1200 Camel and horse ride on beach /Shell collection at the shore
7. 1200 to 1230 Traditional lunch of area
S. No. Time Activity
One-day trip Package-3
1. 1600 to 1700 Travel from Karachi to Kakapir Village Sandspit
2. 1700 to 1800 Boating in mangroves forest
3. 1800 to 1830 Bird watching
4. 1830 to 1900 Camel / horse riding
5. 1900 to 2000 Leisure time at beach with tea
6. 2000 to 2100 Traditional dinner
7. 2100 to 2400 Turtle watching
13
S. No. Time Activity
Two-day trip Package-4
Day – 1
1. 0800 to 0900 Travel from Karachi to Kakapir Village, Sandspit
2. 0900 to 1100 Boating in mangroves forest
3. 1100 to 1130 Refreshment at Kakapir Village
4. 1130 to 1200 Beach sighting and visit to turtle nesting area/
Shell collection at the beach
5. 1200 to 1300 Traditional lunch
6. 1300 to 1700 Resting time in the huts
7. 1700 to 1730 Gathering at Sandspit
8. 1730 to 1830 Beach leisure time /Camel and horse ride
9. 1830 to 1900 Evening tea and refreshment at beach
10. 1900 to 2000 Folk music at the beach
11. 2000 to 2100 Traditional dinner
12. 2100 to 2300 Turtle watching
1. 0700 to 0800 Breakfast at Zulfiqar restaurant
2. 0800 to 1000 Dolphin Watching
3. 1000 to 1130 Trekking in marshy mudflat of mangroves
4. 1130 to 1200 Nature walk through mangroves
5. 1200 to 1300 Traditional lunch
Day – 2
14
3.1 Overview of RehriRehri is located in the Bin Qasim
area on the western bank of
Korangi creek, almost at the
confluence of Korangi and Isaro
creeks. It is a fishermen
settlement known especially for
fishermen that are engaged in
fishing in the creek system of the
River Indus. Most of the
fishermen are engaged in small-
scale fishing; however, because
of increased pollution due to
dumping of waste from Landhi
Cattle Colony, marine life along
Rehri Goth has almost vanished.
A number of enthusiasts and
sport fishermen from Karachi go
to fishing grounds in the creek
system through Rehri Coast. In
addition, those who would like to
enjoy boating and sailing have a
better option there.
3.2 Accessibility and key
ecotourism
destinationsRehri is accessible from National
Highway through YB Chowrangi
Flyover and Younus Textile Mill,
crossing Mehran Highway and
through Rehri Road passing New
Chapter-3
Ecotourism at Rehri
15
excursion trips are arranged.
Considering this potential, the
need for organizing regular
ecotourism activities in the Rehri
area is emphasized. Since the
area is under the control of the
Pakistan Maritime Security
Agency, the boats to visit the
area are required to seek
permission from PMSA.
- Mangroves Safari
Rehri boasts dense mangroves
and is an important breeding,
staging and wintering ground for
a variety of Siberian water birds
such as ducks, geese,
flamingos, cormorants, pelicans
and coots. An adventurous boat
ride through the narrow
channels covered with lush
mangroves is a thrilling
experience. Tourists can
observe colourful birds flying
overhead; fish jumping in the
narrow waters; and traditional
fishing boats going about their
day’s work. The walk through
the mangrove trails connects
tourists with nature.
Season: Throughout the year
- Crab Fishing
The creek system within the
mangroves offers an ideal place
for crab fishing. Using traditional
baited traps, crabs can be
caught during boat trips. The
experience of cooking and
eating these crabs on-board is
one that cannot be found at any
restaurant. On a good day you
may get a basket full of crabs to
distribute among family and
friends. Fishing for other
species is equally interesting
and enjoyable.
Season: Throughout the year
Muzafarabad Colony and
Bakhtawar Goth. It can also be
approached through Ibrahim
Hayderi Coastal Road. By sea, it
can be either approached from
Port Qasim or through Korangi
Fish Harbour. However, because
of the construction and
development work in the
Korangi Creek system, the sea
condition has considerably
changed and it can only be
reached during high tide
through Korangi Creek.
Important destinations along the
Rehri area are extremely limited;
however, the destinations in
Rehri Goth are mangrove
swamps, meandering creeks,
serene mudflats, a fort on
Mangrove Island, the shrine of
Ziarat Hussain Shah, Port
Qasim and Russian Beach.
Darya Pir, Lait, Garho and Keti
Bunder can also be an
attraction for eco-tourists.
3.3 Ecotourism activities Presently no ecotourism
activities in the area are
conducted in an organized
manner. The coastal community
of Rehri arranges boat tour of
the mangrove areas and the
fishing spots in the creek
system of Gharo-Phitti Creek.
Despite immense potential,
ecotourism activities at Rehri
are limited and only a few such
- Indigenous Wisdom Feast with Folk Music
under the Moonlight
Folk music, sharing of indigenous ecological
knowledge and the serving of traditional cuisine,
complemented by a cool sea breeze and the
moon peeking through the clouds provides a
tranquil and memorable experience.
Season: Throughout the year
- Indigenous Crafts Souvenirs
Rehri is famous for its cultural art work. The sale
of traditional craft souvenirs is one of the tourist
attractions in the area.
- Dolphin Watching
Rehri offers an amazing experience of watching
marine dolphins jumping and splashing close by
the boat. It is great fun to see dolphins in their
natural habitat. Both families and friends will find
this a memorable experience. This will make you
feel very close to nature and its amazing
creatures.
Season: October through March
- Bird Watching
Bird watching is a mesmerizing experience in the
coastal waters of Rehri. You can see diverse
species of birds sitting, swimming and flying
overhead. You can observe local as well as
migratory birds visiting the area. Do not miss this
activity at Rehri, if you love bird watching.
Season: November through March
3.4 Key stakeholdersThe key stakeholders for ecotourism activities in
Rehri Goth are Port Qasim Authority, Korangi Fish
Harbour Authority, Sindh Wildlife Department,
Sindh Forest Department, WWF-Pakistan, IUCN,
the local administration, police, and Pakistan
Maritime Security Agency. Coastal communities
and CBOs of the area which arrange boat trips
and sport fishing excursions, are the most
important stakeholders. These stakeholders can
play an important role in various ecotourism
activities of the area.
3.5 Ecotourism packagesAlthough no packaged ecotourism activities are
available or offered by any stakeholders, a
number of activities can be merged to develop a
package for ecotourism in the area. Some of the
packages can be:
l Boating in mangroves and bird watching:
This package may be arranged with the help
of Rehri Goth community and will involve
about one whole day during which boating
will be done in the creeks within mangroves.
This could be supplemented by bird
watching in backwater mudflats.
l Fishing trip: This package will include a boat
ride in the mangrove area and fishing,
angling and sport fishing.
l Visit to Port Qasim Area: This package may
include a visit to Port Qasim Area through
sea and landings at Russian Beach. This
package will suit for school and college
children as it will provide them exposure to
the operations of the Port.
l Visit to Shrine of Ziarat Hussain Shah as well
a boat ride to fort in the mangroves.
17
S. No. Time Activity
One-day trip
1. 0900 to 1000 Traveling from Karachi to Rehri Goth
2. 1000 to 1100 Mangroves safari / bird watching
3. 1100 to 1130 Visit of Port Qasim area and the surrounding
4. 1130 to 1230 Visit and walk around Russian beach
5. 1230 to 1330 Sea food lunch / traditional lunch of the area
6. 1330 to 1430 Walk around the village to see the settlements of the
fishing community
18
4.1 Overview of Cape
MonzeCape Monze, locally known as
Ras Mauri, is located to the west
of Karachi. It is at the end of the
Kirthar Range, and is a southwest
plunging anticline located at the
southern end of the Kirthar Fold
Belt. It is situated at the south of
Goth Mubbarak. Cape Monze is
known for a light house which is
located on flat ground in front of
a chain of mountains ending in
the sea. There is a beautiful sand
beach at Cape Monze and inter-
mittent patches of rocky shores
and small sandy beaches.
4.2 Accessibility and key
ecotourism
destinationsThere are two land routes. The
first is from Goth Mubbarak,
which starts from Hawksbay
Road and moves towards the
north from Buleji. Passing
through mountains and gullies
one has to cross Goth Mubbarak
Dam. Going through hillocks, the
vehicle has to be stopped at
PALS Outdoor Beach. From here
onwards, hiking through the
Chapter-4
Ecotourism at Cape Monze
19
4.3 Ecotourism activitiesPresently no organized
ecotourism activities are
conducted in this area.
However, some of the sport
fishermen and picnickers visit
Cape Monze during October to
March and a few SCUBA divers
come to this beach for
underwater pleasure activities.
Some of the following important
ecotourism activities could be
conducted here.
- Wilderness Camping
Cape Monze is an exciting place
to discover and enjoy the
outdoor environment,
encouraging respect for and
appreciation of the natural world.
Wilderness camping at this
majestic place offers adventure-
filled opportunities, from
sunbathing to swimming, surfing,
fishing, hiking and trekking
through the hilly area, and
bonfires under the moonlight.
Tourists can learn about the
cultural history, wisdom and
folklore of the indigenous people
of Mubarak village. Experiencing
delicious traditional seafood is
an unforgettable part of the
camping experience.
Season: September through
April
- Snorkelling/Eco-diving
A newly discovered coral reef at
Churna Island is now an
attractive diving destination. The
brightly coloured, sculpture-like
corals are a testament to nature
artistry. The magnificence of this
natural scenery indicates the
ecological health of the coastal
ecosystem. Churna is an ideal
place for scuba diving,
snorkelling, cliff jumping, skin
extreme end of the Kirther range
can be enjoyed. Once down the
mountain, Cape Monze beach
can be accessed. The alternate
route is the extension of the
Hawksbay, passes through
Karachi Nuclear Power Plant
and Paradise Point, Neelum
Point, Pasha Bunder and leads
to PNS Nathiagali. The road
passes through mountains and
meanders through rocky cliff
and finally reaches Cape
Monze. In order to use this
route, special permission must
be sought from the Pakistan
Navy, and it is not open to the
general public. Usually it is very
difficult to get permission to
travel on this route. Although,
not generally allowed, a few
people go to Cape Monze using
boats based in Kemari.
There is no specific or separate
destination in Cape Monze area,
however, rocky shores and
sandy beaches as well as arid
mountains and hills are some of
the destinations for the
ecotourists visiting the area.
Located about 4 km from Cape
Monze, there is a 40 foot long
grave at the top of one of the
mountains, which is worth
visiting. Visit to lighthouse at
Cape Monze is also a unique
experience.
diving and underwater photography.
Season: November through March
- Adventure Excursion to Churna Island
Pristine and picture-perfect, Churna Island is
worth travelling to. Located around 14 km from
Cape Monze, Churna Island can easily be
accessed by boat. It is a well-known biodiversity
hot spot and is considered an abode for large
whales, whale sharks and sunfish, as well as a
major coral habitat. The serene blue sea is
captivatingly beautiful. Sport fishing at this
location is an ideal activity and can be undertaken
even by an amateur.
Season: November through March
- Dolphin and Whale Shark Watching
Watching majestic marine dolphins and whale
sharks in the wild, swimming close to the boat, is
phenomenal. It is fascinating to watch dolphins
swimming near the surface, and taking the tour on
a traditional fishing boat with the fishermen from
Mubarak village sharing traditional ecological
knowledge and folk wisdom is both intriguing and
informative.
Season: November through March
- Trekking and hiking
If you love high mountains, blue skies, and clear
waters, then Cape Monze is the place for you.
Trekking and hiking are the two popular outdoor
activities here, and your time in the mountains will
grant you a welcome respite from the dust and
pollution of city life.
Season: Throughout the year
- Sun-bathing
The bright sun and refreshing air at the pristine
calm beach of Cape Monze make it the best point
for sunbathing and relaxing.
Season: November through March
- Eco-cycling
Eco-cycling from Mubarak village to Cape Monze
is an exciting and awesome experience, and
brings you close to the beautiful landscape of
Cape Monze. With eco-cycling, one gets rid of the
hustle and bustle of the city and can discover the
wonders of nature. This is basically an
educational cycling tour that could ideally be
performed in the morning or evening.
Season: September through April
4.4 Key stakeholdersThe key stakeholders for ecotourism activities in
Cape Monze area are Pakistan Navy, Ministry of
Maritime Affairs, the Pakistan Maritime Security
Agency, Police, Coast Guard, IUCN WWF-
Pakistan and the local administration. These
stakeholders can play an important role in
developing various ecotourism activities in the
area.
4.5 Ecotourism packagesAlthough no packaged ecotourism activities are
currently available or offered by any stakeholders,
a number of activities can be merged to develop
1-3 days packages for ecotourism based on the
number of people and their interest. These
packages can cover following activities:
l Hiking ever the last part of the Kirthar Range
in Cape Monze area. This may include
watching wildlife such as hares, foxes,
jackals, porcupines and hedgehogs, as well
as desert birds.
l Visit to lighthouse tower and rocky shore
during low tides.
l Visit to a 40 foot long grave on the top of one
of the mountains.
l If boats are made available, dolphin watching,
snorkelling and SCUBA diving can be other
activities that can be carried out in the area.
l In addition, in all the packages a picnic on
the sandy beach with swimming and camel
or horse riding may be included which will be
an added attraction for the tourists. Other
packages can also be developed including
visits to marginal areas of Cape Monze.
22
S. No. Time Activity
One-day trip Package-1
1. 0600 to 0900 Travel from Karachi to Cape Monze, Mubarak Village
2. 0900 to 1000 Dolphin / Whale shark watching
3. 1000 to 1100 Boating towards Charna Island
4. 1100 to 1130 Hook fishing near Charna Island
5. 1130 to 1200 Hiking and trekking on Charna Island
6. 1200 to 1300 Heading towards Sonheri Beach
7. 1300 to 1400 Lunch at the huts on Sonheri Beach
8. 1400 to 1500 Eco cycling towards Mubarak Village
9. 1500 to 1600 Visit of old ruins of village in Mubarak Village
10. 1600 to 1630 Refreshment and tea at the visiting spot
11. 1630 to 1730 Visit of the consecutive beach of Mubarak Village
23
S. No. Time Activity
Two-day trip Package-2
Day – 1
1. 0600 to 0900 Travel from Karachi to Cape Monze
2. 0900 to 1100 Dolphin / Whale shark watch
3. 1100 to 1200 Heading towards charna island
4. 1200 to 1230 Hook fishing near charna island
5. 1230 to 1300 Trekking and hiking on charna island
6. 1300 to 1400 Heading towards Sonheri Beach
7. 1400 to 1430 Sea food lunch at Sonheri beach
8. 1430 to 1530 Eco cycling towards Mubarak Village
9. 1530 to 1600 Refreshment and tea at Mubarak Village
10. 1600 to 2000 Relaxing time
11. 2000 to 2100 Traditional dinner with folk music
12 2100 to 2200 Visit of the turtle beach
1. 0600 to 0700 Sun rise watch from Mubarak Village
2. 0700 to 0800 Breakfast at Mubarak Village
3. 0800 to 1000 Visit of old ruins of village in Mubarak Village
4. 1000 to 1100 Sun bathing at the three consecutive small beach of
Mubarak Village
5. 1100 to 1200 Trekking on the mountains of Mubarak Village
6. 1200 to 1300 Traditional lunch at Mubarak Village
Day – 2
24
5.1 Overview of a Deltaic
site of Keti BunderKeti Bunder is a small fishing
settlement in the Thatta District. It
stretches over an area of 60,969
ha and is located in the delta of
the River Indus. There are four
major creeks in the area namely
Chann, Hajamro, Khobar and
Kangri. Fishing is the major
source of livelihood and about
90% of the local population is
engaged in fishing activities.
Previously, freshwater from the
River Indus engulfed this area;
therefore, the locals largely
depended on agriculture. Red
rice was considered to be the
main agricultural commodity, and
it was exported to other
countries.
Keti Bunder is known for its
mangrove forests which are
categorized as “Protected
Forests”. Due to reduction in
fresh water flow in the Indus
Delta, the mangroves forests
have completely vanished from
Kangri, Goro, and Turchan
creeks. In Hajamro creek
mangroves exist in small
Chapter-5
Ecotourism at Keti Bunder
25
which are small settlements. A
major part of the road is
weathered and metalled, though
there is a small patch near Keti
Bunder that is still not
adequately paved. Keti Bunder
can also be accessed through
the creek system. Depending on
the type and speed of the boat,
it will take about 6 to 8 hours
from Karachi (Ibrahim Hyderi) to
Keti Bunder.
There are a number of
fascinating points which have
their unique features. Keti
Bunder town, Hajamro Creek,
Kharo Chan, Turshian Creek,
various islands of the area as
well as open sea along the
mouth of the creeks can be
attractive destinations for
tourists who intend to visit
Keti Bunder. These places
bristle with rich biodiversity
including important flora and
fauna.
5.3 Ecotourism activitiesAlthough there is great
ecotourism potential in the
area, no organized ecotourism
activities are conducted. The
Coastal community of Keti
Bunder sometimes organizes
boat tours to mangroves as
well as fishing spots in the
creek system of Hajamro and
Dablo creeks. Despite immense
potential, ecotourism activities
at Keti Bunder are limited only
to a few excursion trips.
Considering this potential,
there is a need for organizing
regular ecotourism activities in
the Keti Bunder area. Below is
a brief description of a few
ecotourism activities at
the site.
quantities. However, Keti
Bunder was once famous for
vast fields of crops like rice,
betel leaf and banana, and
poultry farming was
considered a lucrative
business. The residents have
now run out of income
generation options due to the
decreasing water level of the
River Indus. The residents
have built embankments
around their small settlements
to keep seawater away, as this
often inundates their houses.
Despite the pitiful living
conditions in Keti Bunder, it is
an important fishing centre of
Sindh and a large number of
fishing boats are based in the
area. Although the area is in
isolation and located at a
distance of around 150 km from
Karachi, it still offers a great
potential for ecotourism. The
mangrove ecosystem and
deltaic conditions offered by
Keti Bunder cannot be matched
with other areas along the
Pakistan coast.
5.2 Accessibility and key
eco-destinationsKeti Bunder is approximately
150 km from Karachi. It can be
reached from National Highway.
Just after crossing Gharo Town,
a coastal road leads to Keti
Bunder. The road passes
through Lait, Mirpur Sakro,
Buhara, Garho and Baghan,
- Campsite
If you love nature and want to enjoy it in all its
forms and hues, then camping at Keti Bunder is
the right choice. The view of the creeks and small
settlements is fantastic. Tourists can spot a large
number of local as well as migratory birds in the
morning and evening. Sunrise and sunset provide
stunning opportunities for photo enthusiasts.
Season: September through April
- Mangroves watch
Visiting mangrove forests at Keti Bunder gives
you a glimpse of the beauty and elegance of
these ecosystems. It is the closest thing to having
an authentic immersion in untainted natural
scenery. You will find the maze of trees humming
with life and the soft sounds of small marine
animals splashing in the water. A trip to the
mangroves at Hajamro creek is a rare learning
experience. It can unravel the beauty of lush
forests and tourists can enjoy the delicate
environment replete with diverse fish and bird
species.
Season: August through May
- Wildlife sighting
Keti Bunder is an unimaginably beautiful paradise
of unique wild species that tourists can enjoy all
the year round. Around 50,000 water birds come
to visit this area. It is a hotspot for wild animals
such as the Asiatic jackal, wild boar, and fishing
cat; different species of lizards are commonly
observed here. The area provides a spectacular
opportunity for photo enthusiasts.
Season: throughout the year
- An excursion to marine life
The coastal waters around Keti Bunder are home
to rare marine species; particularly common are
spinner and humpback dolphins, and finless
porpoises. Seeing gigantic marine animals just a
few metres from the fishing boat is a stunning
experience.
Season: throughout the year
- Recreational Fishing
The coast of Keti Bunder is inhabited by green
and lush mangroves, where diverse species of
fish arrive to lay their eggs. Angling provides the
27
best experience, and visitors can enjoy coming in
close contact with waters and the fish.
Season: September through April
- Sailing/Boating trips
Sailing with the support of paddles in coastal
waters is a unique experience. There are many
spots along the coast where boating competitions
could be held with the support of local fishermen.
Season: September through April
- Cultural gatherings and festivals
Get-togethers at night are the hallmark of Keti
Bunder. Sharing folklore and exchanging wise
words are the norm for the natives of the area.
Season: throughout the year
5.4 Key stakeholdersThe key stakeholders for ecotourism activities in
Keti Bunder are the Sindh Wildlife Department,
Sindh Forest Department, IUCN, WWF-Pakistan,
the local administration, police, Pakistan Maritime
Security Agency, Pakistan Coast Guard, and
Pakistan Marine (Pakistan Navy). The coastal
communities and CBOs of the area that arrange
boat trips and sport fishing excursions are the most
important stakeholders. All these stakeholders can
play an important role in promotion of various
ecotourism activities at Keti Bunder.
5.5 Ecotourism packagesAlthough no packaged ecotourism activities are
available or offered by any organization, a number
of activities can be merged to develop a package
for ecotourism in the area. Some of the packages
can covering following activities based on the
number of tourists and their interest in the
destinations:
l Boating in mangroves and bird watching:
This package may be arranged with the help
of the Keti Bunder community, and will
involve about one full day during which
boating will be done in creeks within
mangroves, supplemented by bird watching
in backwater mudflats.
l Fishing trip: This package will include a boat
ride in the mangrove area and fishing,
angling and sport fishing.
l Visit to Kharo Chan: This package may
include a visit to Kharo Chan through the
creek system in order to experience how
local communities are living on the islands.
l Dolphin Watch: This package will include a
boat ride in the Hajamro creek near the open
sea, scouting for dolphins, and can be
supplemented by angling and sport fishing.
28
S. No. Time Activity
One-day trip Package-1
1. 0800 to 1200 Travel from Karachi to Keti Bunder
2. 1200 to 1230 Traditional lunch at Keti Bunder
3. 1230 to 1330 Boating in the mangroves forest / bird watching
4. 1330 to 1430 Crab catching/ fishing
5. 1430 to 1530 Trekking in the mangroves forest
6. 1530 to 1600 Visit of small villages in the creek by boats
7. 1600 to 1830 Evening tea at Keti Bunder
29
S. No. Time Activity
Two-day trip Package-2
Day – 1
1. 0800 to 1200 Travel from Karachi to Keti Bunder
2. 1200 to 1300 Travelling to Chan Island (camp site ) through boats from
mangroves forest
3. 1300 to 1600 Camp setting at camp site
4. 1600 to 1800 Birds and wildlife watching in the mangroves forest
5. 1800 to 1830 Sunset view from mouth of creek
6. 1830 to 1900 Boating around the mangroves/ trekking on the muddy
flats of mangroves
7. 1900 to 2000 Preparation of dinner
8. 2000 to 2300 Folk music with dinner
1. 0600 to 0700 Sun rise watch and early morning boating in river
2. 0700 to 0900 Dolphin watch
3. 0900 to 1000 Breakfast at camp site
4. 1000 to 1100 Hook fishing / Crab catching
5. 1100 to 1200 Sailing and boating
6. 1200 to 1300 Traditional lunch at Keti Bunder and walk around the village
to see the rural settlements
Day – 2
30
6.1 Ecotourism
experienceThe development of the
ecotourism industry has opened
new avenues for
entrepreneurship, and investment
in hotels, transport and the
facilitation industry. Ecotourism
has turned into a billion-dollar
industry and for some
entrepreneurs it is a bonanza,
because it is one of quickest
ways to get a good return for
their investment. The ecotours
arranged for specific groups or
individuals in some cases are an
unforgettable experience. For
example, seeing a dolphin or
whale performing in a marine
aquarium show is a great
experience but watching a pod of
dolphins in the wild gives much
more satisfaction and excitement.
It is a similar case with wild cats.
Seeing these cats in zoos or in a
circus can be depressing
because of their confinement and
limited movement. However,
when one looks at them in the
wild, it is a mesmerizing
Chapter-6
Ecotourism guidelines and visitor satisfaction
31
dwellers, it is really exciting to
see a dense forest with amazing
biodiversity. Likewise, an
ecotourist would enjoy the
mesmerising scenery of Cape
Monze, just on the outskirts of
Karachi. It would certainly leave
an indelible impact on his/her
mind when looking at a beautiful
lighthouse with an amazing
beach and diverse underwater
life.
6.2 Nature tour
guidelinesAs compared to general tour
guides, the nature tour guides
have in-depth information about
the ecology, biodiversity and
uniqueness of the area. Such
guides are required to learn
about the habitat, fauna and
flora of the area and also have
detailed information about the
habitat of the important animals.
They are generally compared
with the guides for hunters and
safaris. They are known to be
familiar with the behaviour of
the important animals and their
habitats. They also properly
brief the ecotourists about the
behaviour and nature of the
animals living in any specific
habitat.
The training of nature tour
guides is essential. No doubt
the locals of the area may have
knowledge and awareness
about the animals and plants
found in a certain habitat, but a
trained nature tour guide must
have adequate education,
knowledge and experience
about the peculiar species
found in the area. For example,
a forest tourist guide from
mountainous areas will be
experience. It creates great
curiosity and urges the watcher
to learn more about these
marvellous animals
The same is true for
archaeological sites and ancient
cultures Reading about a
particular archaeological site or
a vanishing culture generates
curiosity, but visiting such a site
gives more insight into the
culture and living standard of
those people.
It is due to environmental
awareness that a large number
of people contribute towards
conservation of some of the
threatened animals of fragile
ecosystems (such as coral reefs
or rainforests). When these
people get a chance to visit the
habitat where these animals are
found, it proves to be a
memorable experience that
provides not only satisfaction
but also generates interest in
contributing more towards
conservation initiatives.
Similarly, visit to threatened
habitats such as coral reefs or
rain forests will give a level of
satisfaction and develop an
urge for further protection of the
fragile ecosystem.
In the case of the Sindh coast, a
visit to the mangroves is usually
an amazing experience. For city
helpless and bewildered in a mangrove forest
because of the uniqueness of the mangroves
which grow in mud and are inundated during high
tides. Even the pneumatophores in mangroves
make an untrained guide disoriented in the area.
In the case of the Sindh coast, no such training or
awareness programme is available for the nature
tour guides. A manual about the habitat,
biodiversity and standard procedures for visiting
important ecological sites is essentially required.
Visiting any sites of ecological or archaeological
importance without taking any trained and
knowledgeable tour guide will be purposeless and
disastrous in some cases. For example, a visit to
a mangrove forest requires a trained guide to
manoeuvre in this dense and unique forest.
6.3 Legal requirements and
proceduresThere is no specific law that deals with eco-
tourism in Pakistan, either at federal or provincial
levels. The Federal Government regulated the
hotel and restaurant component of the tourism
industry by using the power conferred on it by the
provincial legislatures under Article 144 of the
Constitution, which allowed Parliament to
legislate on any subject if so requested by two or
more provincial assemblies. It had legislated on
travel agencies and tourist guides under a rather
contested use of legislative power – these
subjects are not reflected in the Federal
Legislative List or the Concurrent Legislative List.
Prior to devolution, tourism was controlled by the
Ministry of Tourism, Government of Pakistan with
its subordinate hierarchy in the shape of the
Department of Tourism Services. The Department
of Tourism Services dealt with all aspects of the
Tourism Industry - travel agencies, hotels and
restaurants, and tourist guides.
All laws pertaining to the tourism industry were
promulgated in 1976. These enactments were
based on the ethos of the 60s and the
Government’s desire to control prices through
legislation. The enforcement mechanism required
to implement these laws was weak, the industry
was never effectively regulated, and enforcement
of standards was not properly ensured. A brief
description of a few regulations related to
ecotourism is given below.
Hotel and Restaurant Act: The purpose of this Act
was to provide measures for controlling and
regulating the standards of the hotel industry and
service and provision of amenities for tourists in
hotels and restaurants. This Act has served the
hospitality business i.e. hotels and restaurants
since 1976. After the devolution of tourism from
the federal to the provincial government, only the
government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has made
certain amendments in tourism laws; such
amendments have not been made in Sindh.
Similarly, the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Government
has enacted the Travel Agencies Amendment Act
2013 for the development, regulation and control
of the profession of travel agencies.
The Sindh Tourist Guides Act 2011: This provides
for the regulation and control of the profession of
tourist guides. The Sindh Travel Agencies Act
2011 was enacted to provide for the
development, regulation and control of the
profession of travel agencies in the province. This
act defines a tourist as a person normally residing
outside Pakistan, who enters it and remains in the
country for not less than twenty-four hours and
not more than six months in the course of any
year, for purposes such as touring, recreation,
sports, health, study, religious pilgrimages or
business. It also includes a citizen of Pakistan
who travels within Pakistan or proceeds abroad
for any of the said purposes. It can be seen that
eco-tourism is not covered as such in any of the
Sindh laws.
As such no regulatory procedure has been set up
for eco-tourism which is essentially required to
manage such a specialized tourism. In the
absence of specific laws and procedures, eco-
tourism faces a number of difficulties and
hindrances which need to be addressed
adequately.
6.4 Operations and safetyThe following operations and safety measures are
required:
34
- Conveying a sense of safety
While travelling for the purpose of eco-tourism,
the organizers must appraise the eco-tourists of
the safety measures that have to be adhered to
during their visit. In almost all coastal tourism in
Sindh, life jackets need to be made available for
at least those tourists who are taking a boat trip.
Similarly, such boats must have life guards on
board so that they can assist the eco-tourists in
case of any mishap. Further, these tourists must
also be made aware of the local traditions and
norms of the communities. Safety and security
measures for ecotourists may be documented in
the form of pamphlets and should be provided to
the tourists before the start of their travel.
- Contingency plan
For any ecotour, a contingency plan should be in
place to deal with any mishap. A contingency
plan for ecotourism aims to prepare an organizer
to respond well to an emergency and to its
potential impacts. Such a contingency plan may
involve making decisions in advance about the
management of resources (human and financial),
coordination and communications procedures,
and being aware of a range of technical and
logistical responses. This planning is a
management tool that involves all supporting
sectors of tourisms, such as transportation,
communication, health among others which
require timely and effective provision of aid to
those in need.
The contingency plan may be documented and all
concerned agencies and persons must have
access to it. The role and responsibility of each
agency and person should be well defined. The
contact details and phone numbers of those
people involved may be made available to the
eco-tourist as well.
- Response to accident
Eco-lodges or eco-destinations should have
adequate facilities and equipment to deal with
accidents. This may include road accidents, and
mishaps such as drowning. There should be
35
persons including ecotour guides who are trained
to immediately responsd to accidents. There
should be coordination with local hospitals and
medicare facilities. In case of serious accident,
ambulances and a quick response system should
be accessible to the ecotourists. First aid facilities
may be available at all eco-destinations. In case
of fatalities, an adequate system for
transportation of bodies must be available, and
ecotourists must be assisted in the legal
formalities which are required in case of fatal
accidents.
- First-aid box
A First Aid box should be available to ecotourists
all the time, with supplies and equipment that is
used to give medical treatment. There is a wide
variation in the items of first aid kits which range
from treatment of minor to major injuries. Typical
contents of a first aid box may include adhesive
bandages, regular strength pain medication,
gauze and low grade disinfectant. However,
specialized first aid kits are available for various
regions, vehicles or activities, which may focus on
specific risks or concerns related to the activity.
6.5 Achieving visitor satisfactionIt is necessary that the ecotour organizer ensure
tourist satisfaction while embarking on any
ecotourism travel. Some of the factors which are
considered for satisfaction of an eco-tourist may
include easy accessibility, proper accommodation
and amenities, quality food/meals and desired
tourism attractions. It is well known that satisfied
tourists will not only revisit the place, but also
recommend it to others – families and friends. In
addition to this, increasing the level of satisfaction
will reduce the number of tourists’ complaints. On
the other hand, tourist satisfaction will not be
achieved unless the tourists feel that the quality
received is greater than the money paid.
Ecotourists are generally satisfied if they are able
to see the iconic animals of the area or get
mesmerized by the natural beauty. Sometimes,
minor things such as skilful treatment of guests,
friendly attitude, cordiality and kindness, flexibility
and care for the guests’ privacy help to win their
hearts and minds. It is rightly said that hospitality
should be an attitude of tourism works to provide
all kind of support to ecotourists.
36
Disclaimer: This ‘Sindh Coast: A marvel of nature –
An Ecotourism Guidebook’ was made possible with
support from the American people delivered through
the United States Agency for International
Development (USAID). The contents are the
responsibility of IUCN Pakistan and do not necessarily
reflect the opinion of USAID or the U.S. Government.
Published by
IUCN Pakistan
Copyright
© 2017 International Union for Conservation of Nature.
Citation is encouraged. Reproduction and/or
translation of this publication for educational or other
non-commercial purposes is authorised without prior
written permission from IUCN Pakistan, provided the
source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this
publication for resale or other commercial purposes is
prohibited without prior written permission from IUCN
Pakistan.
Author
Nadir Ali Shah
Co-Author and Technical Review
Naveed Ali Soomro
Review and Editing
Ruxshin Dinshaw, IUCN Pakistan
Danish Rashdi, IUCN Pakistan
Photographs
IUCN, Zahoor Salmi
Naveed Ali Soomro, IUCN Pakistan
Designe
Azhar Saeed, IUCN Pakistan
Printed
VM Printer (Pvt.) Ltd.
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