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W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
AMNESTYAnofficialpardonforpeoplewhohavebeen
convictedofacriminaloffense.
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APPEASEMENT
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
Aforeignpolicystrategyofmakingconcessionstoanaggressorinthehopeofmodifyingitspoli3cal
objec3vesand,specifically,avoidingwar.
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W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
BRINKMANSHIPAstrategyofescala3ngconfronta3oneventothepointofriskingwar(goingtothebrink),aimedat
persuadinganopponenttobackdown.
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CHAPTER7(UNCHARTER)
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
SetsouttheUNSecurityCouncil'spowerstomaintainpeace.ItallowstheCouncilto"determinethe
existenceofanythreattothepeace,breachofthepeace,oractofaggression"andtotakemilitaryandnonmilitaryac3onto"restoreinterna3onalpeace
andsecurity".
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W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
CIVILWAR Anarmedconflictbetweenpoli3callyorganizedgroupswithinastate,usuallyfoughteitherforcontrolofthestateortoestablishanewstate.
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CONFLICT
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
Disagreementandcompe33onoverpower,ideas,iden3ty,resourcesorterritory.
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CONVENTIONALWARFARE
Aformofwarfarethatisconductedbyregular,uniformedandna3onalmilitaryunitsandusesconven3onal(notnuclear)militaryweaponsand
baOlefieldtac3cs.
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CULTURALVIOLENCE
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
Aspectsofaculturethatcanbeusedtojus3fyorlegi3mizedirectorstructuralviolence,andmaybeexemplifiedbyreligionandideology,languageandart,empiricalscienceandformalscience.Cultural
violencemakesdirectandstructuralviolencelookorfeel"right",oratleastnotwrong,accordingtoJohan
Galtung.
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DETERRENCE Atac3corstrategydesignedtopreventaggressionbyemphasizingthescaleofthelikelymilitaryresponse(thecostofanaOackwouldbegreaterthanany
benefititmaybring).
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DIRECT
VIOLENCE
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
Physicalormentalharmbroughtuponanindividual;formsofdirectviolenceincludeassault,rape,
murder,war,andgenocide.Itissome3mescalledpersonalviolencebecausetheperpetratorsare
humanbeings.
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DISARMAMENT Thereduc3onoffigh3ngcapacity,eitherthroughscaling-downorelimina3ngarmsor,morelikely,
categoriesofweapons.
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EQUALITY
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
Trea3ngeveryonethesame.Equalityaimstopromotefairness,butitcanonlyworkifeveryone
startsfromthesameplaceandneedsthesamehelp.
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EQUITY Givingeveryonewhattheyneedtobesuccessful;fairness.
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ESCALATION
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
Anintensifica3onofsomething,suchasviolenceortension.
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FIRSTSTRIKE Apre-emp3veorsurpriseaOackonanadversary;'geXngone'sretalia3oninfirst'.
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GRIEVANCE
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
Arealorimaginedwrongorothercauseforcomplaintorprotest,especiallyunfairtreatment.
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GUERILLAWAR Literally,'liOlewar';aninsurgencyorpeople'swar,foughtbyirregulartroopsusingtac3csthataresuitedtotheterrainandemphasizemobilityandsurprise
ratherthansuperiorfirepower.
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HEGEMONICWAR
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
Warthatisfoughttoestablishdominanceoftheen3reworldorderbyrestructuringtheglobalbalance
ofpower.
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W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
INSURGENCY Anarmeduprising,involvingirregularsoldiers,whichaimstooverthrowtheestablishedregime.
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INTERSTATEWAR
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
Awarbetweentwoormorestates.
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INTERVENTION Forcibleac3ontakenbyonestateagainstanotherstate,withoutthelaOer'sconsent.
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INTRASTATEWAR
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
Awarwithinastate;canbeusedsynonymouslywiththetermcivilwar.
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MEDIATION Awayofresolvingdisputesbetweentwoormorepar3eswithconcreteeffects.
Typically,athirdparty,themediator,assiststhepar3estonego3ateaseOlement.
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MILITARISM
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
Aculturalorideologicalphenomenoninwhichmilitarypriori3es,ideasandvaluescometopervadethelargersociety.
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MUTUALLYASSURED
DESTRUCTION(MAD)
Acondi3oninwhichanuclearaOackbyeitherstatewouldonlyensureitsown
destruc3on,asbothpossessaninvulnerablesecond-strikecapacity
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NATIONBUILDING
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
Theconstruc3ngorstructuringofana3onaliden3tyusingthepowerofthestate.
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NEGATIVEPEACE Peacedefinedastheabsenceofviolence,althoughtheforcesthatgiverisetoconflictremaininplace.
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NONINTERVENTION
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
Theprinciplethatstatesshouldnotinterfereintheinternalaffairsofotherstates.
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NONVIOLENCE Theuseofpeacefulmeans,notforce,tobringaboutpoli3calorsocialchange.
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NUCLEARPROLIFERATION
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
Thespreadofnuclearweapons,eitherbytheiracquisi3onbymorestatesorother
actors(horizontalprolifera3on),ortheiraccumula3onbyestablishednuclearstates(ver3cal
prolifera3on).
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PACIFISM Acommitmenttopeaceandarejec3onofwarorviolenceinanycircumstances.
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PEACE
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
Freedomfromconflict;thepresenceoftranquilityandharmony.Peacecanbedefinedinmanyways,butoneofthemostcommonistocategorizepeace
aseitherposi3veornega3ve.
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PEACEBUILDING Aprocessthatfacilitatestheestablishmentofdurablepeaceandtriestopreventtherecurrenceofviolencebyaddressingrootcausesandeffectsofconflictthroughreconcilia3on,ins3tu3onbuilding,andpoli3calaswellaseconomictransforma3on.
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PEACEKEEPING
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
Atechniquedesignedtopreservethepeacewhenfigh3nghasbeenhalted,andtoassistin
implemen3ngagreementsachievedbythepeacemakers.
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PEACEMAKINGConflicttransforma3onfocuseduponestablishing
equitablepowerrela3onshipsrobustenoughtoforestallfutureconflict,o[en
includingtheestablishmentofmeansofagreeingonethicaldecisionswithinacommunity,
oramongpar3es,thathadpreviouslyengagedininappropriate(i.e.violent)
responsestoconflict.
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PEACE
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
Peacedefinedintermsofharmonyandwholeness;theabsencenotjustofviolencebutofthecausesof
violence.
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PROXYWAR Awarins3gatedbyamajorpowerthatdoesnotitselfbecomeinvolved.
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REFUGEE
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
Apersoncompelledtoleavehisorhercountrybecausetheirlife,securityorfreedomshavebeenthreatened.
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RESTORATIVEJUSTICEAnapproachtojus3cethatpersonalizesthecrimeby
havingthevic3msandtheoffendersmediateares3tu3onagreementtothe
sa3sfac3onofeach,aswellasinvolvingthecommunity.Thiscontraststomore
puni3veapproachessuchasretribu3vejus3ce.
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RESOURCEWAR
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
Awarthatisfoughttogainorretaincontrolofresourceswhichareimportanttoeconomicdevelopmentorpoli3calpower.
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RETRIBUTIVEJUSTICE Asystemofcriminaljus3cebasedonthepunishmentofoffendersratherthanonrehabilita3on.
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SECURITYDILEMMA
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
Asitua3onintheanarchicareaofinterna3onalrela3onsinwhich,ac3onsbyastateintendedtoheightenitssecurity,suchasincreasingitsmilitarystrength,commiXngtouseweaponsormakingalliances,canleadotherstatestorespondwith
similarmeasures,producingincreasedtensionsthatcreateconflict,evenwhennosidereallydesiresit
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STATETERRORISM Terrorismcarriedoutbygovernmentbodiessuchasthepolice,militaryorintelligenceagencies.
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STRUCTURALVIOLENCE
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
Aformofviolencethatstemsfromsocialstructuresthatperpetuatedomina3on,oppressionor
exploita3on,asopposedto'directviolence'whichstems(supposedly)fromindividualorgroup
mo3va3ons.
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TOTALWAR Awarinvolvingallaspectsofsociety,includinglarge-scaleconscrip3on,thegearingoftheeconomyto
militaryends,andtheaimofachievinguncondi3onalsurrenderthroughthemassdestruc3onofenemy
targets,civilianandmilitary
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TRANSFORMATIVEJUSTICE
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
Astrategyforrespondingtoconflictswhichtakestheprinciplesandprac3cesofrestora3vejus3cebeyond
thecriminaljus3cesystemandtriestotreatanoffenseasatransforma3verela3onaland
educa3onalopportunityforvic3ms,offendersandallothermembersoftheaffectedcommunity
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TRUTHANDRECONCILIATIONCOMMISSION
Abodytaskedwithdiscoveringandrevealingpastwrongdoingbyagovernment(or,dependingonthecircumstances,non-stateactorsalso),inthehopeof
resolvingconflictle[overfromthepast.
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VIOLENCE
W W W. G L O P O I B . W O R D P R E S S . C O M
Physicalorpsychologicalharmwhichcanbecausedeitherbyphysicalforceorbystructureswithin
societyorgovernment.