Energy Storage
• Energy storage is the conversion of energy to
other forms so that it may be used at a later
stage when required.
• Energy storage technologies are measured in
terms of their power output (MW) and their
capacity (MWh).
AMBER_KINETICS
• Solid State Batteries
• Flow Batteries
• Flywheels
• Compressed Air Energy Storage
• Thermal
• Pumped Hydro-Power
Energy Storage TechnologyAMBER_KINETICS
1450 – 1500 AD 1760 - 1840s
Leonardo Da Vinci
Conceptualized mechanical
flywheel for continuous motion
AMBER_KINETICS
Industrial Revolution
Watt steam engine used heavy
flywheel to smooth output
4500 – 2000 BC
Stone Age
Original pottery wheel
developed in stone age
History of Flywheels
© 2016 Amber Kinetics, Inc. -Confidential
1980-1990 1990-2000 2000-2010 2010-Present
Application
Electric Vehicles
time duration
seconds
Application
Backup Power
time duration
seconds - minutes
Application
Grid Support
time duration
minutes - hour
Application
Grid Capacity
time duration
1-4 hours
> 5,000 flywheels sold
Millions of commercial hours
Prototype
Lab-Stage
40 MWs commercial flywheels
Millions of commercial hours
Expanded storage duration
Driving cost out with scale
AMBER_KINETICS
Today’s Flywheels
Kinetic Energy Storage - FlywheelAMBER_KINETICS
• Flywheel in essence is a mechanical battery –
simply a mass rotating about an axis
• Store energy mechanically in the form of kinetic
energy
Charging/discharging is carried out by a
motor/generator
o Take an electrical input to accelerate the rotor up
to the maximum speed by using built-in motor and
and produce the stored electrical energy by
decelerating the rotor using the same motor as a
generator.
AMBER_KINETICS
About Amber Kinetics
Professor
Research Areas:
• Energy (ENE)
• Control, Intelligent Systems,
and Robotics (CIR)
• Integrated Circuits (INC)
• Power and electronics
systems
Seth R. Sanders
amber_kinetics
About Amber Kinetics
Founded:
Headquarters:
2009 Union City, CA
Grid-Scale Energy Storage
Steel Flywheels
Target Application:
Technology:
Our Advantages: DOE: promising storage technology
1. High efficiency / Low losses
2. Competitive technology cost
3. Focus on viable projects
4. Experience winning utility PPAs
5. Operational advantages vs. other
energy storage
1. Island systems & off-
grid/rural
electrification
Areas of Application
AMBER_KINETICS
4. Fast, & short-term
electricity
balancing/Ancillary
Service
2. Energy supply
shifting
3. Variable renewable
energy smoothing
Hybrid System
Variable Renewable
Energy + Amber
Kinetics Flywheels
Fast & short
Charge/Discharge
Amber Kinetics
Flywheels as Peaking
Plant
Amber Kinetics
Flywheels For
Frequency Regulation
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August 23, 2015
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August 16, 2015
Hourly Solar PV Generation Profile
AMBER_KINETICS
-10
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PPV
PFW
SmoothenCurve
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STORED ENERGY
Smoothing PV Generation (Cloudy)AMBER_KINETICS
• Regulation is used to reconcile momentary
differences between supply and demand.
Source: Sandia
Source: Sandia
Load > Generation (Regulate Up – Discharge)
Load < Generation (Regulate Down - Charge)
Frequency Regulation
AMBER_KINETICS
+20
-20
SP=0
Fre
quency R
egula
tion R
ange
• Can operate in Primary and
Secondary Regulation
• Wide Range of Regulating Capacity
• Perform Fast Response
Regulating Service
• Can provide full
capacity from 3%
SOC
• <1 Sec to Full
Charge and
Discharge
Capacity
AK as Source of Frequency Regulation
AMBER_KINETICS
59.700
59.800
59.900
60.000
60.100
60.200
60.300
0:00:00
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CHARGEAREA
DISCHARGEAREA
Deadband+/-0.05Hz
Flywheel as Source of Frequency Regulation
AMBER_KINETICS
© 2016 Amber Kinetics, Inc. -Confidential
Milestones Achieved Upcoming
AMBER_KINETICS
2010 – Awarded $4mm from the U.S. Department of Energy
2010 – Closed Series A Investment
2012 – Awarded $2mm from the California Energy Commission
2013 – Awarded Contract Sponsored by U.S. Department of Defense (Hawaii)
2014 – Successfully Field Tested Amber 4-hour Flywheel
2014 – Closed Series B Investment
2015 – Awarded additional $2mm from the California Energy Commission
2015 – Signed Landmark Multi-Million ($) Contract with PG&E
2015 – Signed International Purchase Agreement with Emerging Power Inc.
2016 – Finalizing Terms of Purchasing Agreement with Hawaiian Electric
Amber – A Winning Track Record
© 2016 Amber Kinetics, Inc. -Confidential
AMBER_KINETICS
Li-Ion Battery (Today) $350 / kWh 2,000 deep cycles $0.17 per kWh discharge
(2025 Projected) $150 / kWh 3,000 deep cycles $0.05 per kWh discharge
Amber 4-hr Flywheel (Today) $500 / kWh 20,000 deep cycles $0.02 per kWh discharge
(2020-2025 Projected) $250 / kWh 20,000 deep cycles $0.01 per kWh discharge
Why Amber Flywheels are Better
Overview of Single Flywheel System
Flywheel
Cover
Containment
AC/DC Inverter
Control PC
Station
Power
AMBER_KINETICS
Corrugated Steel Pipe & Cover
Corrugated
Steel Pipe
Lifting
Rings
Concrete
CoverSteel
Rebar
AMBER_KINETICS
© 2016 Amber Kinetics, Inc. -Confidential
AMBER_KINETICS
Mechanical Energy Storage
No chemical reaction
Performs in heat & humidity
Peer-Reviewed Operating Data
“MODEL 32”
Power 8 kW
Energy 32 kWh
Duration 4.0 hours
Cooling Passive
Round-trip Efficiency 88%
Daily Cycling Limitation None
Calendar Life 30 years
Electrical
Input / Output Voltage 800 Vdc
Full Power Response Time < 1 sec
Average Coasting Loss < 200 watts
Amber Kinetics “Model 32” Flywheel
Ed ChiaoCEO & Co-Founder
Prior Roles
Corporate Development, Solar Development,
Product Management & Engineering
Early employee in 3 start-ups, all acquired
Will SutherlandSenior VP, Manufacturing Operations
Prior Roles
Parker Hannifin, Bayer Material Science
Artificial Muscle
Wei-Tai KwokChief Operating Officer
Prior Roles
Suntech Power, NRG, Andalay Solar
Rick ChongChief Financial Officer
Prior Roles
Investment Banking, Venture Capital
© 2016 Amber Kinetics, Inc. -Confidential
Matthew Senesky, Ph.D.Director of Engineering
Prior Roles
Engineering R&D, Tesla Motors & TI
Ph.D. Electrical Engineering, UC Berkeley
Seth Sanders, Ph.D.CTO & Co-Founder
Renowned Flywheel Technologist
Professor, Electrical Engineering, UC Berkeley
Kevin SwartzVP, Business Development
Prior Roles
PG&E, Sempra Energy, Solel (Siemens)
Maine Maritime Academy
AMBER_KINETICS
Bill BarnesManaging Director, Project Development
Prior Roles
Cleantech America (acquired)
Renewable IPP, Utility-Scale Development
Mark StoutVP, Project Development
Prior Roles
Meridian Energy, Cleantech America (acquired)
Amber Kinetics Leadership