Al-Sayyid Muhammad ibn Safdaral-Afghani

Philosopher, writer and Muslimrevivalist

Born into Hanafi family. Trainedin religious sciences andphilosophy

Jamal al-Din al-Afghani(b. Kabul? 1838, d. Istanbul 1897)

Travelled widely, soon gainedfame for abilities as a scholarand ideas on moderninterpretation of Islam

Upset conservative religiousscholars

Jamal al-Din al-Afghani(b. Kabul? 1838, d. Istanbul 1897)

Opposed colonialism, helped stirup opposition esp. in Egypt.Also critical of Muslim rulerswhom he saw as corrupt

Eventually imprisoned in Istanbul.Died on 9th March 1897,apparently of chin cancer…

Jamal al-Din al-Afghani(b. Kabul? 1838, d. Istanbul 1897)

Najib Mahfuz (Naguib Mahfouz, 1911-2006)

Awlad Haratina(Children ofGabalawi)