Aircraft Seating Aircraft Seating SystemsSystems
Current Issues & Current Issues & TrendsTrends
Frank Heming, Ph.D.Frank Heming, Ph.D.Chief Engineer - Certification Chief Engineer - Certification
AMI Aircraft Seating SystemsAMI Aircraft Seating Systems
February 17, 2000February 17, 2000
Presentation Presentation OverviewOverview
SAE SEAT CommitteeSAE SEAT Committee
ARAC Seat Harmonization ARAC Seat Harmonization
Working Group (SHWG) Working Group (SHWG)
Dynamically Certified Dynamically Certified
SeatsSeats
SAE SEAT CommitteeSAE SEAT CommitteeCharterCharter
SCOPESCOPE:: Address issues related to the Address issues related to the design and performance design and performance
of aircraft of aircraft seating systems. seating systems.
MembershipMembership:: 34 Members / 7 34 Members / 7 Alternates / Alternates / 4 4 Liaison / 88 Mailing ListLiaison / 88 Mailing List
OrganizationOrganization:: Parent Committee & Parent Committee & Working Working Groups Groups
SAE SEAT CommitteeSAE SEAT CommitteeWorking GroupsWorking Groups
Restraint SystemsRestraint Systems Component HIC TestingComponent HIC Testing
Component Component Replacement/Modification Replacement/Modification
Side Facing SeatsSide Facing Seats
MethodsMethods
DefinitionsDefinitions Abuse/Assist Loads Abuse/Assist Loads
SAE SEAT CommitteeSAE SEAT CommitteeRestraint SystemsRestraint Systems
AS8043A : AS8043A : Restraint Systems for Civil Restraint Systems for Civil AircraftAircraft• Complete Update of of DocumentComplete Update of of Document• Adding Push Button BucklesAdding Push Button Buckles• Lift Lever Buckle Release Angle Lift Lever Buckle Release Angle • Rotary Buckle Release Angle Rotary Buckle Release Angle
ARP 5585ARP 5585 (Draft):(Draft): Re-webbing of Restraint Re-webbing of Restraint Systems by Non-OEMsSystems by Non-OEMs
SAE SEAT CommitteeSAE SEAT CommitteeComponent HIC TestingComponent HIC Testing
Develop and validate a component HIC Develop and validate a component HIC
tester tester
Use the HIC tester to substantiate Use the HIC tester to substantiate
changes to a dynamically certified seatchanges to a dynamically certified seat
Primary work effort at Wichita State Primary work effort at Wichita State
UniversityUniversity
SAE SEAT CommitteeSAE SEAT CommitteeComponent Component
Replacement/ModificationReplacement/Modification
ARP (Draft):ARP (Draft): Modification or Modification or Replacement Replacement of of Components on Dynamically Components on Dynamically Certified Seat Systems Certified Seat Systems• Outlines the engineering evaluation Outlines the engineering evaluation
appropriate for making appropriate for making minorminor changes to the changes to the seat systemseat system
• Defines Primary & Secondary ComponentsDefines Primary & Secondary Components• Restraints and cushions are priority itemsRestraints and cushions are priority items
SAE SEAT CommitteeSAE SEAT CommitteeSide Facing SeatsSide Facing Seats
AS8049/1: AS8049/1: Performance Standard for Performance Standard for Side - Side - Facing Facing Seats in Civil AircraftSeats in Civil Aircraft• Develop criteria for level of safety Develop criteria for level of safety
equivalent to forward/aft facing seatsequivalent to forward/aft facing seats• 3-point restraint system (shoulder 3-point restraint system (shoulder
restraint over leading shoulder)restraint over leading shoulder)• Added TTI and pelvic acceleration criteriaAdded TTI and pelvic acceleration criteria• Neck load criteria being evaluatedNeck load criteria being evaluated
SAE SEAT CommitteeSAE SEAT CommitteeMethodsMethods
ARP (Draft) : ARP (Draft) : Photometric Analysis Photometric Analysis Procedures for Procedures for
Impact TestingImpact Testing• Defines the test set up requirements, Defines the test set up requirements,
analysis procedures and documentation for analysis procedures and documentation for impact tests requiring photometric analysisimpact tests requiring photometric analysis
Worst Case AnalysisWorst Case Analysis (On Hold) (On Hold) Certification by Analysis MethodsCertification by Analysis Methods (On (On
Hold)Hold)
SAE SEAT CommitteeSAE SEAT CommitteeDefinitionsDefinitions
ARP (Draft) : ARP (Draft) : DefinitionsDefinitions• Provides definitions and criteria for Provides definitions and criteria for
commonly used terms relative to commonly used terms relative to aircraft seat systemsaircraft seat systems
• Examples:Examples:– Seatback Handhold in TurbulenceSeatback Handhold in Turbulence– Life Vest/Lifejacket RetrievalLife Vest/Lifejacket Retrieval– Tray Table Latch RetentionTray Table Latch Retention– Sharp EdgesSharp Edges
SAE SEAT CommitteeSAE SEAT CommitteeAbuse/Assist LoadsAbuse/Assist Loads
ARP 5475 : ARP 5475 : Abuse Load Testing for In-Abuse Load Testing for In-Seat Seat Deployable Deployable Video SystemsVideo Systems• Provides guidelines for abuse load testing Provides guidelines for abuse load testing
of a deployable Individual Video System of a deployable Individual Video System (IVS)(IVS)
• IVS includes all components from the IVS includes all components from the monitor to the seat interfacemonitor to the seat interface
• Defines static test procedures and Defines static test procedures and performance criteriaperformance criteria
SAE SEAT CommitteeSAE SEAT CommitteeUpcoming MeetingsUpcoming Meetings
May 23 - 25: Orlando, FloridaMay 23 - 25: Orlando, Florida
September: Montreal, CanadaSeptember: Montreal, Canada
SAE SEAT CommitteeSAE SEAT CommitteeContactsContacts
Chair: Frank HemingChair: Frank Heming//AMIAMI Aircraft SeatingAircraft Seating Systems/ Systems/
719-638-2179/[email protected]/[email protected]
Vice-Chair: Phil HollandVice-Chair: Phil Holland//Millennium Concepts/ Millennium Concepts/ 316-821-9300/ 316-821-9300/
[email protected]@millenniumconceptsinc.com
Secretary: Lindsay ZollingerSecretary: Lindsay Zollinger//Exponent/Exponent/
623-582-6949 / 623-582-6949 / [email protected]@exponent.com
SAE Staff: Elizabeth DemoratzSAE Staff: Elizabeth Demoratz 724-776-4841, 724-776-4841,
ARACARACSeat Harmonization Seat Harmonization
Working GroupWorking Group
TASK 1:TASK 1: FAR/JAR 25.562 Test Article FAR/JAR 25.562 Test Article Selection Selection Process and Pass/Fail Process and Pass/Fail Criteria for PAX Criteria for PAX Seats Seats
Task 2:Task 2: Seat Belts for In-Flight Only Seats Seat Belts for In-Flight Only Seats
Task 3:Task 3: FAR/JAR 25.785 Occupant FAR/JAR 25.785 Occupant
Protection for Protection for PAX Seats PAX Seats
ARAC SHWGARAC SHWGTask 1: Test Article Task 1: Test Article Selection ProcessSelection Process
Objective:Objective: Simplify & standardize the test Simplify & standardize the test article article selection process for PAX selection process for PAX seatsseats
Approach:Approach: Develop a decision process to Develop a decision process to select select test seats based on a test seats based on a simplified simplified critical case critical case analysisanalysis
Key Concepts:Key Concepts:• Definition of Family of SeatsDefinition of Family of Seats• Test Article Selection for Baseline TestsTest Article Selection for Baseline Tests• Structural Pass/Fail CriteriaStructural Pass/Fail Criteria
ARAC SHWGARAC SHWGTask 2: Seat Belts for In-Task 2: Seat Belts for In-
Flight Only SeatsFlight Only Seats
Objective:Objective: Clarify the need for restraints, Clarify the need for restraints, in the in the form of seat belts, form of seat belts, for in-flight use for in-flight use only seatsonly seats
Key Concepts:Key Concepts:• Lap restraints must be availableLap restraints must be available• Seat must have back supportSeat must have back support• Seat and restraint must meet in-flight loads and Seat and restraint must meet in-flight loads and
flammability requirementsflammability requirements• No retrofit requiredNo retrofit required
ARAC SHWGARAC SHWGTask 3: Occupant Task 3: Occupant
ProtectionProtection
Objective:Objective: Provide harmonized guidance Provide harmonized guidance on on occupant protection occupant protection for PAX seats for PAX seats under under FAR/JAR 25.785FAR/JAR 25.785• General Design PracticesGeneral Design Practices• In-arm Video CertificationIn-arm Video Certification• Seat Back Mounted Accessory CertificationSeat Back Mounted Accessory Certification
Approach:Approach:• Pre- and Post-Amendment 25-64 AircraftPre- and Post-Amendment 25-64 Aircraft• Two Injury Mechanisms: Blunt Trauma & Sharp Two Injury Mechanisms: Blunt Trauma & Sharp
EdgesEdges
Dynamically Certified Dynamically Certified SeatsSeats
16g Seat Design16g Seat Design Static Requirements
• 14 CFR 25.561 Loads & Flight/Ground Loads
Flammability RequirementsFlammability Requirements• 14 CFR 25.853 (b) & (c)
Dynamic RequirementsDynamic Requirements• 14G & 16G Tests• Structural & Occupant Injury Evaluated
Seat Seat SystemSystem Evaluated Evaluated• Seat, Restraint, Cushions and Occupant
Dynamically Certified Dynamically Certified SeatsSeats
TSO-C127a & 14 CFR TSO-C127a & 14 CFR 25.56225.562
TSO-C127a specifies that compliance TSO-C127a specifies that compliance with with HIC, femur loads and permanent HIC, femur loads and permanent deformation limits are not required for deformation limits are not required for TSO approval, TSO approval, but must be collected but must be collected and provided to the installer.and provided to the installer.
A TSO-C127a approved seat plus the A TSO-C127a approved seat plus the installation data for HIC, femur loads installation data for HIC, femur loads and permanent deformations is used and permanent deformations is used for installation approval to 14 CFR for installation approval to 14 CFR 25.562.25.562.
Dynamically Certified Dynamically Certified SeatsSeats
Issues & TrendsIssues & Trends
Seat System Approach Complicates ChangesSeat System Approach Complicates Changes Minor Change Impacts on TSO Minor Change Impacts on TSO andand Installation Installation
Approvals Must be SubstantiatedApprovals Must be Substantiated Old Ways of Doing Business at Completion Old Ways of Doing Business at Completion
Centers and Overhaul Shops No Longer ValidCenters and Overhaul Shops No Longer Valid Industry Groups Working to Simplify, Clarify Industry Groups Working to Simplify, Clarify
and Better Define the Certification Processand Better Define the Certification Process FAA Instituting Partnership for Safety Plans to FAA Instituting Partnership for Safety Plans to
Clarify Roles and ResponsibilitiesClarify Roles and Responsibilities
Closing CommentsClosing Comments
Seat Certification Continues to be Costly Seat Certification Continues to be Costly Complicated and Time ConsumingComplicated and Time Consuming
Changes to Dynamically Certified Seats Changes to Dynamically Certified Seats Require More Attention and Require More Attention and SubstantiationSubstantiation
Industry and the Authorities Working to Industry and the Authorities Working to Simplify and Clarify the ProcessSimplify and Clarify the Process
Increased Understanding by All Groups Increased Understanding by All Groups Involved Is Needed to Overcome InertiaInvolved Is Needed to Overcome Inertia