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Indian National (Weather) SATellites forAgrometeorological Applications
Bimal K. Bhattacharya Agriculture-Terrestrial Biosphere- Hydrology Group
Space Applications Centre (ISRO)Ahmedabad 380015, India
Email : [email protected]
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1996
995/1997
1999 2003
IRS-1C/1D LISS-3(23/70M)
STEERABLE PAN (5.8 M)
WiFS (188M)
IRS-P3
WiFS, MOS X-Ray
IRS-P4 (OCEANSAT-1)
OCM, MSMRIRS-P6(RESOURCESAT)
LISS 3 23.5/140 Km
LISS 4 - 5.8M/ 27Km
AWiFS - 55M/ 730 Km
1999
1992
1990
1993
2002
2003
INSAT-1D
VHRR
INSAT-2A
VHRR
INSAT-2E
VHRR, CCD (1KM)INSAT-2B
VHRR METSAT-1
VHRR 2 Km(vis);
8 Km(IR & WV)INSAT-3A
VHRR 2
Km(vis);
8 Km(IR & WV)CCD 1 Km
PRESENT ...
2005
IRS-P5 (CARTOSAT-I)
PAN 2.5 m stereo
IRS-P7 (CARTOSAT-II)
PAN 0.85 m
2007
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VIS : 2km TIR-day : 8km TIR-night : 8kmWV-day : 8km CCD FCC : 1km
Optical band Water Vapour band Thermal Infrared band Optical bands
KALPANA - 1 VHRR INSAT 3A CCD
Satellite Sensor Bands (m) Spatial res.Kalpana -1 VHRR VIS (0.55-0.75)
WV (5.7-7.1), Thermal IR (10.5-12.5)
2km x 2km
8km x 8km
INSAT 3A
VHRR
CCD Red (0.62-0.68), NIR(0.77-0.86), SWIR (1.55-1.69) 1km x 1km
INSAT 3D
(2011)
Imager VIS(0.52-0.75), SWIR(1.55-1.70)
MIR(3.8-4.0)
WV(6.5-7.0), TIR1(10.2-11.2), TIR2(11.5-12.5)
1km x 1km
4km x 4km
4km x 4km
Sounder 19 channels 10km x 10km
Geo-HR
(2015)
Imager Red, NIR, SWIR
Thermal IR
100m X 100m
1 km X 1km
Suite of Indian geostationary Sensors
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MODIS precipitable water (cm)
Before noon (1200 hrs)
RED DN NIR DNSWIR DN
0300 GMT 0400 GMT 0500 GMT 0700 GMT 0900 GMT
Molecular scattering
(Rayleigh)
MODIS ozone (Dobson)
MODIS AOD (tau550)
DEM (m)
Mie scattering
Level 1A correction
N
D
V
I
Level 1B & 1C correctionCloud
masking
Cloud
masking
F
C
C
F
C
C
Flow of INSAT 3A CCD NDVI operational product generation
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13 Aug to 28 Aug08
6 Mar to 21Mar09
25 May to 9June08
1 Nov to 16Nov08
16 Oct to 31Oct08
7 April to 22 April09
2 Feb to 17 Feb093 Dec to 18 Dec08
10 June to 25 June08 12 July to 27 July08
14 Sept to 29 Sept08
26 June to 11 July08 28 July to 12 Aug08
29 Aug to13 Sept08 30 Sept to 15 Oct08
17 Nov to 2 Dec08 18 Feb to 05 Mar09
22 Mar to 6 April09 23 April to 30 April09
VEGETATION DYNAMICS FROM INSAT 3A CCD
-1.00 0.00
0.13 0.15
0.16 0.18
0.19 0.21
0.22 0.24
0.25 0.26
0.27 0.30
0.31 0.34
0.35 0.37
0.38 0.41
0.42 0.46
0.47 0.50
0.51 0.60
0.61 0.69
0.70 0.790.80 0.90
0.01 0.12
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INSAT TIR, WV Data
3 Hourly Image
Conversion fromGrey Count to TBs
Look Up Table forCalibration
Grid Average of
IR TBs (0.250x0.250)
Collocation of IR
TBs and MW
Rainfall
Estimation ofRainfall
IR and WV - Cloud
Classification
PW & RH
Correction
Corrected Rainfall
Estimation
Final Rain Rate, Daily, Pentad,
monthly & Seasonal Rainfall
Model PW
& RH Forecast
Satellite Microwave
Rainfall (TRMM/SSMI)
Grid Avg. Rainfall
(0.250x0.250)
Rainfall Validation/ Fine
Tuning (DWR/SFRG)
Flow Chart for rainfall estimation from INSAT VHRR
(Gairola et al. 2008)
Rainfall product
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Surface Emissivity
Original VHRR
thermal IR data
Correction for
atmospheric water
vapour & surface
emissivity
Characteristic vertical
tropospheric air
temperature profiles and
AIRS sounder based
surface air temperature
cm
K
K
K1VHRR LST
Experimental product Land surface temperature (LST)
Precipitable water
290
295
300
305
310
315
320
290 295 300 305 310 315 320Aggregated MOD IS AQUA LST(K) at 0.08
ogrid
K1VHRRLST(K)at0.08
ogrid
r = 0.93, n = 1446
RMSE = 2.30 K1:1 Line
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Agromet Applications
Late season drought detection from NDVI
Identification of cold wave zone
Disaster (flood)
Evapotranspiration monitoring for stress
detection & productivity mapping
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30thSept to 15thOct 2008 30thSept to 15thOct 2009
Late season agricultural drought detection from
INSAT 3A CCD NDVI
-1.00 0.00
0.13 0.15
0.16 0.180.19 0.21
0.22 0.24
0.25 0.26
0.27 0.30
0.31 0.34
0.35 0.37
0.38 0.41
0.42 0.46
0.47 0.500.51 0.60
0.61 0.69
0.70 0.79
0.80 0.90
0.01 0.12
-1.00 0.00
0.13 0.15
0.16 0.180.19 0.21
0.22 0.24
0.25 0.26
0.27 0.30
0.31 0.34
0.35 0.37
0.38 0.41
0.42 0.46
0.47 0.500.51 0.60
0.61 0.69
0.70 0.79
0.80 0.90
0.01 0.12
16thOct to 31stOct 2008 16thOct to 31stOct 2009
IMD June-Sept 2009
NDVI ranges
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5 Feb 087 Feb 08
8 Feb 08 9 Feb 08
-3-2-101234
oC
Capturing Coldwave spell over Northwestern India during January and February
2008 using nighttime thermal infrared data from Kalpana-1 VHRR
19 Jan 08 20 Jan 08 22 Jan 08
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22 Aug 2008 31 Aug 2008 1 Sept 2008
2 Sept 2008 3 Sept 2008 5 Sept 2008
Capturing damaging events : Koshi flood 2008 from 3A CCD
M hl A l d R l i E i i d i bi
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1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
N
ov05_
dekad2
N
ov05_
dekad3
D
ec05_
dekad1
J
an06_
dekad1
F
eb06_
dekad1
F
eb06_
dekad2
F
eb06_
dekad3
M
ar06_
dekad1
M
ar06_
dekad2
AET(mmd-1)
Trans Gangetic Plain
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
N
ov05_
dekad2
N
ov05_
dekad3
D
ec05_
dekad1
Jan06_
dekad1
Feb06_
dekad1
Feb06_
dekad2
Feb06_
dekad3
Mar06_
dekad1
Mar06_
dekad2
AET(mm
d-1)
Forest
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Nov05_
dekad2
Nov05_
dekad3
Dec05_
dekad1
Jan06_
dekad1
Feb06_
dekad1
Feb06_
dekad2
Feb06_
dekad3
Mar06_
dekad1
Mar06_
dekad2
AET(mm
d-1)
DesertAgriculture Forest
Desert
AET November AET December AET January AET February AET March
RET November RET December RET January RET February RET March
Monthly Actual and Relative Evapotranspiration during rabiseason
using surface energy balance approach
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.06.0
7.0
8.0
mm d-1
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
>1.0
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Automated Microclimate
in situ observational Network
Using INSAT CommunicationTransponder A recent Initiative
from ISRO
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Defining 10 m INSAT- uplinked micrometeorological tower for
short (2-3m) vegetation
Agro- Met Station (AMS)
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Micromet tower network in India
Selection criteria : fetch ratio (1:50 to 1:100), Agroclimate,
vegetation, soil type
C
R
O
P
G
R
A
S
S
W
E
T
L
A
N
D
D
E
S
E
R
T
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Forecasting Agricultural out put usingSpace,Agrometeorologyand Land basedobservations (FASAL)
Econ
ometry
Agro
Meteor
ology
Land
Observations RS,Mod.Re.Temporal RS,HighRe
.
Singledate
Conven
tiona
l RemoteSensing
MULTIPLE IN-SEASON FORECAST
Pre-
Season
Early-Season
Mid-SeasonState
Pre-HarvestState
Pre-HarvestDistrict
Cropped area
Crop condition
Crop acreage
Crop yield
RevisedIncorporating damage
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Thankyou..