Age of Exploration Chapter 19, Section 1 Why Explore? God,
Glory, and Gold
God: As a result of the Crusades Christian Europeans felt sense of
duty to spread Christianity Glory: Desired to give glory to
country/leader and enlarge territory; beginnings of nationalism
Gold: Desired to grow wealthy; sought gold and other costly goods
such as spices, silks, and furs.Also wanted to cut out middle men
in trade process. Why was Exploration Possible?
Funding from monarchs that wanted to gain territoryand use of raw
materials New sailing technologies: astrolabe, caravel, compass
Desire for knowledge from new and unknown areas Technologies The
Astrolabe: an ancient astronomical computer used to show how the
sky looks in a specific place at a given time and to calculate
latitude. The Caravel: Triangular sails solved the dilemma of
sailing against the wind that plagued early European travels. Map
of the Known World, 1484 Portugal Leads the Way Advantageous
geographic location, stronggovernment support, and use of
technologiesallowed Portugal to be leader of early exploration
First European country to establish trading outpostsalong the west
coast of Africa Heavy support for exploration came from PrinceHenry
the Navigator Prince Henry the Navigator Prince Henry Never
personally sailed
Was highly interested in both gaining wealth andspreading
Christianity through exploration Funded a school for navigators and
hopefulexplorers where they could learn skills and perfectmapmaking
and shipbuilding Put himself in debt funding 14 voyages to Africa
Famous Portuguese Explorers
Bartolomeu Dias: Rounded tip of Africa in 1488,explored SE coast of
Africa Vasco da Gama: Explored east coast of Africa, in reached
Calicut in India, giving Europeans thefirst direct sea route Spains
Role in Exploration
Christopher Columbus: 1492 convinced Spanishmonarchs to try to find
their own route to Asia bysailing west across the Atlantic; landed
in Caribbean. Both Spain and Portugal thought his landing spotwas
in the East Indies, leading to conflict. Results: opened Western
Hemisphere forcolonization; increased tensions between Spain
andPortugal. Treaty of Tordesillas Following Columbuss voyage and
landing in the EastIndies Portugal and Spain disputed what lands
belongedto which country In 1493 Pope Alexander VI suggested
drawing animaginary line through the Atlantic to determine
whatlands belonged to each nation The Line of Demarcation was
marked and agreed upon inthe Treaty of Tordesillas Spain would have
all lands west of the line and Portugalwas granted lands east of
the line Map of Treaty of Tordesillas Indian Ocean Trading
Empires
As the Europeans discovered water routes to Asia,they scrambled to
set up trading posts in keylocations Fighting erupted between
Europeans and nativepeoples over the building of trading posts
Establishing trading posts allowed goods to bebrought back to
Europe at steep discounts, makingthem affordable to more people
European Expansion By 1514 Portugal had established trading ports
atHormuz, Goa, and Malacca, controlling the valuablespice trade The
Netherlands and England challenged Portugalsdominance Asian trade
The Dutch and Spanish eventually took over muchof the areas
originally controlled by Portugal East India Companies The British,
Dutch, and French set up agreementsthat would ensure close
relations between thegovernments in Europe and the areas they took
overin Asia; also monitored trade. Dutch East India Company: ,
Indonesia,Malaya, Sri Lanka, Spice Islands British East India
Company: , India East India Companies, cont.
French East India Company: , islands offthe coast of Africa Major
Explorers See Handout Questions for Review:
Why did exploration occur? Why was exploration possible? What were
some of the outcomes of exploration?
