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The sole responsibility or the content o this publication lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reect the opiniono the European Union.
Neither the EACI nor the European Commission are responsible or any use that may be made o the inormationcontained therein.
STATE OF THE ART
ANDRETRO-COMMISSIONING
INVESTIGATION
PLAN
D2.5D2.6
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RETRO-COMMIS-
SIONNING
INVESTIGA-TION
PLAN
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4
PARTNER DATE CONTENT
DELPHIS
Julien BonnetFrancis Deplace
07.06.2012 Version 1.0Drat
AAA
Elsebeth Terkelsen
12.06.2012 Version 2.0Drat
IWU
Iris Behr
Britta Stein
20.06.2012 Comments
ZRMK
Marjanna Sijanec-ZavrlMarta Skubic
22.06.2012 Comments
SCHOLE/SITI
Arianna Dongiovanni
22.06.2012 Comments
STU-K
Tomas Vimmr
25.06.2012 Version 2.0.Comments.
CSTB
Pierre Boisson
27.06.2012 Commentsand suggestions
AAA
Elsebeth Terkelsen
01.07.2012 Version 3.0
AAA
Elsebeth Terkelsen
06.08.2012 Version 4.0
RCx IPSCIENTIFIC WORK
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RCx IPCONTENT
1. INTRODUCTION TO “AFTER” RETRO-COMMISSIONING INVESTIGATION PLAN 6
2. “AFTER” RCx - step by step 9
2.1. STEP 1: SELECT PROJECT 92.1.1. Identiy your Pilot Building2.1.2. What acts did orientate you toward this building?2.1.3. Photos o the Pilot Building
2.2. STEP 2: DEVELOP A TEAM 11
2.3. STEP 3: GATHER DOCUMENTATION 12
2.4. STEP 4: BUILDING DESCRIPTION 142.4.1. Provide a detailed building description using the Handbook i needed.2.4.2. Identiy the previous reurbishments implemented on the building
2.5. STEP 5: DESCRIPTION OF BUILDING EQUIPMENTS 152.5.1. Heating system equipments concerned by the ESM2.5.2. Domestic Hot Water (DHW) system equipments concerned by the ESM2.5.3. Ventilation system equipments concerned by the ESM
2.6. STEP 6: PERFORM A FIRST DIRECT SITE ASSESSMENT 192.6.1. Walk-through2.6.2. Dwelling visit
2.7. STEP 7: CONSUMPTION 212.7.1. Energy Consumption or the building (raw data)2.7.2. Energy bills or the building (costs in EUR)
2.8. STEP 8: METERING OF THE ESM 222.8.1. Overall Meters2.8.2. Sources o energy consumption2.8.3. Submetering
2.9. STEP 9: OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ACTIONS 252.9.1. Identiy the periodic preventive actions taken in the building2.9.2. Identiy the corrective actions taken in the building
2.10. STEP 10: MASTER LIST OF DEFICIENCIES AND COMPLAINTS 27
2.10.1. List o defciencies2.10.1. Registering o complaints 2.11. STEP 11: DIAGNOSTIC MONITORING AND TEST PLANS 28
2.11.1. Need or more diagnostic monitoring and testing?2.11.2. What element need more monitoring and why?2.11.3. What type o diagnostic monitoring is chosen?2.11.4. Functional test plan
3.12. STEP 12: RECOMMANDATIONS FOR ESMs’ OPTIMIZATION 30
APPENDIX A: AFTER BASICS FOR THE RCx PROCESS 34
APPENDIX B: WHAT IS RETRO- COMMISSIONING? 35
APPENDIX C: MAIN STEPS OF THE RCx PROCESS. 39
TOOL
APPENDIX
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RCx IP1. INTRODUCTION TO AFTER
RETRO-COMMISSIONINGINVESTIGATION PLAN
Retro-commissioning (RCx) is dened asthe “systematic process or improvingan existing building’s perormance byidentiying and implementing relativelylow-cost operational and maintenanceimprovements, helping to ensure thatthe building’s perormance meets ownerexpectations ”.
Caliornia Commissioning guide : Existing buildings.Caliornia Commisssioning Collaborative, 2006
The AFTER “Retro-commissioning Investigation Plan”
is a tool assessing the actual efciency o Pilot Sitesin order to identiy optimization leads or AFTER PilotEnergy Saving Measures (ESMs) - c. Appendix A page35 or the defnition.ESMs are the raw material o the AFTER Project. TheInventory has been a frst step to identiy them andto oresee the optimization process or these energymeasures.
The objective o the Retro-commissioning (RCx - c.Appendix A and Appendix B page 36) process is totest optimization solutions or these specifed ESMs
in order to improve the energy perormance o thehousing stock o the participating SHOs.
The RCx document presents a complete and practicalstep-by-step introduction on how to perorm the RCxinvestigation (c. Appendix C page to have an overviewo the global process). The investigation will allowSHOs to give a description o the existing Pilot buildingand to identiy the equipment and system that willbeneft or the optimized version o the ESM.
As a consequence, the RCx aims at providing thenecessary practical inormation and data that areneeded to identiy clearly the building‘s perormanceand its potential to be improved.
Next step will be described in The Common Protocolor Evaluation. Once the optimization leads have beenidentifed, this protocol will allow us to ollow theimplementation o the ESM including the optimizationsolutions, to control/monitor its outputs on a regularand common basis process.
The Appendix part o this document will provide amore exhaustive introduction to the “AFTER” RCx
methodology and some general elements about theRCx defnition and state o the art.
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TOOLPlease complete the follow tables step-by-step with all the requested
information regarding your Pilot Building and your Pilot ESM.
The AFTER Handbook (D2.3) will help you to identify the calculationcriteria, if needed, to complete all the lines of these tables.
A more complete description of the RCx step-by-step process can befound in Appendix B page 34 of this document.
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RCx IP2. AFTER RCx - STEP BY STEP
2.1. STEP 1: SELECT PROJECT AND BUILDING
Name o the Social Housing Organization owner o thebuilding
Country
Address o the building
Year o construction o the building (beginning/end)
Number o dwellings
Number o inhabitants
Living surace (m²). Number o stories
What kind o heating (energy carrier)?
Pilot ESM reported in the AFTER Inventory related to thebuilding
2.1.1. Identiy your Pilot Building(Complete the cells with relevant collected data on your Pilot building - c. AFTER Inventory)
3.1.2. What acts did orientate you toward this building?(According to your experience and knowledge o your housing stock, check one or several possibilities. Add details i possible.)
Regular complaints by tenants (WP3)
Testing building to be optimized or dissemination (WP3)
Persistent ailure o equipment or control system identifed by technical sta (WP4)
An unjustifed and high-energy index regarding its expected perormance (WP5 and WP6)Equipment or system identifed:………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Other short-term O&M reasons to implement commissioning activities in order to enhance the existingperormance o the building - e.g.:
- High demand o energy or heating- High demand o electricity or heating- High demand o DHW
Other things………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Regarding these acts, x general objectivesWrite down the acts - and reect on how to manage the problems in the building - to set the goals and fx the generalobjectives o the RCx process. What can be achieved? What would you like to achieve?
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RCx IP2. AFTER RCx - STEP BY STEP
2.1.3. Photos o the Pilot Building(Add photos o the building and equipments concerned by the ESM).
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RCx IP2. AFTER RCx - STEP BY STEP
2.2. STEP 2: DEVELOP A TEAM
Roleand involvement
Persons(name, unction, company) Contact (tel, email)
3.2.1.RCx responsible
3.2.2.Social HousingCompany contact
3.2.3.Internal technicalSta
3.2.4.Facility manager
3.2.5.Caretaker o thebuilding
3.2.6.Tenantsrepresentatives(i relevant)
Identiy the sta that will lead or participate to the RCx process. Describe the tasks o every patner.
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RCx IP2. AFTER RCx - STEP BY STEP
2.3. STEP 3: GATHER DOCUMENTATION
Person to contact toobtain the documents
Targetedinormationin thedocumentationto gather List o documents
Essential /optional(check orprecise WP)
Obtained
Yes NoOpt.
a. Energy data
EnergyPerormance
Certifcate
Energy bills Real consumption andcosts or a whole year(since 2007 i possible), or
electricity, gas,… all type oenergy + water
b. General inormation on the management o the building
Contracts onoperation andmaintenance
Costs, kind o actionsincluded in the
contracts, requency ointerventions…
Contracts withcaretakers
Mission, costs, seniority in
the position
Tenantsorganization
Existence, missions,involvement, organization,
relationship betweentenants and SHO
Energy strategicplan or the
building
List o uture energy savingmeasures already planned
or the next 5 years
c. Building characteristics
Architect’s plans,BIM
Ess.
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Photographs
Energy audit,diagnosis I existing
d. Building equipment
List o equipmentswith description
and technicalcaracteritics
I existing
Manuacturerdocumentationor all or most
equipment
O&M manualsor all or most
equipment
Book o O&Minterventions
`Historic o operation and
maintenance actions(listing, book…), check o
respect o contracts
Critical reviews ospecifc periodic
inspections
Functionaldiagrams o the
systems
Diagrams o the systems(ex: boilers and distribution
network diagrams)
e. Documentation rom/or the tenants
Handbooks ortenants or all ormost equipment
Results o survey otenants
I existing
List o tenantscomplaints
RCx IP2. AFTER RCx - STEP BY STEP
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RCx IP2. AFTER RCx - STEP BY STEP
2.4. STEP 4: BUILDING DESCRIPTION
2.4.1. Provide a detailed building description using the Handbook i needed.
Total living surace (m²)
Total heated surace (m²)
Number and size o dwellings(by surace or number o rooms)
Ex:10 dwellings o 3 rooms / o 75 m²
8 dwellings o 4 rooms / o 90 m²…
Type o windows
Type o walls / constructive type
Type o roo, terraces
Ceillar, basement
2.4.2. Identiy the previous reurbishments implemented on the building
Year o implementation
Type o action(s):Windows / wall insulation / roo insulation / … Reurbishment description
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RCx IP2. AFTER RCx - STEP BY STEP
2.5. STEP 5: DESCRIPTION BUILDING EQUIPMENTS
2.5.1. Heating system equipments concerned by the ESM
Energy(ies) Type o system(s) Type o emission
Electricity
Gas
Heating Oil
Wood
District heating
Solar
Other:____________
Heat pump
Electric convectors
Boiler
Wood stove
Other:____________
Radiators
Convectors
Fan coils
Heating oor
Other:____________
with thermostaticvalves
Distribution
Individual systems
Collective systems
Number o heating networks starting rom the generation:____________
Controls
Presence o scheduler (i individual systems)
Outside temperature compensated control
Dierent control or each network (ex: north and south acades
Description
Heating Equipment #1
Name, brand
Energy
Type
Start-up date
Number (i identical)
Power (kW)
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Heating Equipment #2
Name, brand
Energy
Type
Start-up date
Number (i identical)
Power (kW)
2.5.2. Domestic Hot Water (DHW) system equipments concerned by the ESM
Energy(ies) Type o system(s)
Electricity
Gas
Heating Oil
Wood
District heating
Solar
Other:____________
Heat pump
Electric convectors
Boiler
Wood stove
Other:____________
Same as heatingsystem
Individual systems
Collective systems
Description
RCx IP2. AFTER RCx - STEP BY STEP
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DHW Equipment #1
Name, brand
Energy
Type
Start-up date
Number (i identical)
Power (kW)
Tank volume (in Liter)
Tank operating temperature (in C°)
Energy(ies) Type o system(s)
Distribution
Natural ventilation
Hybrid ventilation
Controlled MechanicalVentilation System
Classic CMV (extraction)
Hygro CMV
Double ow CMV (with Heatrecovery)
Description:(Its very important to know iis ventilation system local orcentralized)
2.5.3. Ventilation system equipments concerned by the ESM
RCx IP2. AFTER RCx - STEP BY STEP
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Ventilation Equipment #1
Name, brand
Energy
Type
Start-up date
Number (i identical)
Power (kW)
Nominal fow (m3/h)
Ventilation Equipment #2
Name, brand
Energy
Type
Start-up date
Number (i identical)
Power (kW)
Nominal fow (m3/h)
RCx IP2. AFTER RCx - STEP BY STEP
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RCx IP2. AFTER RCx - STEP BY STEP
2.6. STEP 6. PERFORM A FIRST DIRECT SITEASSESSMENT
Building enveloppe Status
Roo and attic
Walls
Windows, doors and skylights
Cellar Building equipment
Heating System
Distribution System
Automatic
Hot domestic water system
Ventilation system
Lighting in common areasOther electrical installations
Management
Review building operation schedules
Review tenants inormation and awareness
2.6.1. Walk-through
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RCx IP2. AFTER RCx - STEP BY STEP
a. Inormation to gather
Identifcation o individual technical equipements concerned by the ESM
Rent (EUR/month), energy and service charges linked to the equipmentconcerned by the ESM
Individual energy consumption
Visual inspection o quality and proper unctioning
o Equipments
o Moisture detection
o Inspection o air vents: obstruction o inlets? O outlets?
Cleaned flters?
b. Other potential types o measurements
Temperature
Humidity
CO2
IR thermography
Ventilation air ow rates
Illumination measures
2.6.2. Dwelling visit
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RCx IP2. AFTER RCx - STEP BY STEP
2.7. STEP 7: CONSUMPTION
Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Electricityin kWh
(fnal energy)
Natural Gas
in kWh(higher calorifc
value)
District Heatingin kWh
Woodin m3
Home heating oil in...
Other:_________ in...
Water in m3
Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
ElectricityStanding charge
Power = _____ kW
Consumption
Natural Gas
Standing Charge
Consumption
District HeatingStanding Charge
Consumption
WoodStanding Charge
Consumption
Home heating oilStanding Charge
Consumption
Other:_________Standing Charge
Consumption
WaterStanding Charge
Consumption
2.7.1. Energy Consumption or the building (raw data)
2.7.2. Energy bills or the building (costs in EUR)
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RCx IP2. AFTER RCx - STEP BY STEP
2.8. STEP 8: METERING OF THE ESM
2.8.1. Overall Meters
Energy PresenceFrequence o meterreading Type o reading Remarks
Electricity
Yes
No
Manual
Automatic (AMR)
Only with bills (by the supplier)
Natural Gas
Yes
No
Manual
Automatic (AMR)
Only with bills (by the supplier)
District Heating
Yes
No
Manual
Automatic (AMR)
Only with bills (by the supplier)
Wood
Yes
No
Manual
Automatic (AMR)
Only with bills (by the supplier)
Home heating oil
Yes
No
Manual
Automatic (AMR)
Only with bills (by the supplier)
Other:_________
Yes
No
Manual
Automatic (AMR)
Only with bills (by the supplier)
Water
Yes
No
Manual
Automatic (AMR)
Only with bills (by the supplier)
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2.8.2. Sources o energy consumption
What are the sources o consumption included in the electricity bill?
Ventilation systems
Lighting in common parts
Outside lighting
Underground car park (lighting, ventilation, automatic gate)
Lits
Caretaker lodge
Electrical equipments in boiler room (pumps, etc.)
Security, access services, datalogger, TBM, etc.
Common Electrical domestic appliances
------------------------
------------------------
------------------------
------------------------
2.8.3. Submetering
Is there a submetering by apartment (or example heat cost allocators)? Yes No
Is there a submetering between heating and DHW consumption? Yes No
Is there a submetering or electricity consumption? Yes No
RCx IP2. AFTER RCx - STEP BY STEP
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Complete the table depending on the existing submeters:
in kWh (raw data) 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Heating
DHW
...
...
...
...
...
...
RCx IP2. AFTER RCx - STEP BY STEP
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RCx IP2. AFTER RCx - STEP BY STEP
2.9. STEP 9: OPERATION AND MAINTENANCEACTIONS
To complete according to the O&M contracts:
2.9.1. Identiy the periodic preventive actions taken in the building
Description Last interventions Included in the contract? Cost
a. Heating System
Total cost: ___________ EUR/year
Ex: Boiler inspection Yes No
Ex: Change o too old burner,circulation pump
Yes No
Ex: Pipe cleaning Yes No
Yes No
Yes No
b. DHW System
Total cost: ___________ EUR/year
Yes No
Yes No
Yes No
c. Ventilation System
Total cost: ___________ EUR/year
Ex: Change o flters
Yes No
Ex: Filters cleaning
Yes No
Yes No
Yes No
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2.9.2. Identiy the corrective actions taken in the building
Description Last interventions Included in the contract? Cost
a. Heating System
Total cost: ___________ EUR/year
Ex: Breakdown, dysunctioning,inponerable events
Yes No
Yes No
Yes No
Yes No
Yes No
b. DHW System
Total cost: ___________ EUR/year
Yes No
Yes No
Yes No
c. Ventilation System
Total cost: ___________ EUR/year
Yes No
Yes No
Yes No
Yes No
RCx IP2. AFTER RCx - STEP BY STEP
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RCx IP3. AFTER RCx - STEP BY STEP
2.10. STEP 10: MASTER LIST OFDEFICIENCIES AND COMPAINTS
List o encountered technical ailures or complaints: review o actions during the ve last years related to deciencies and list o complaints(tenants, caretakers ...)
2.10.1. List o deciencies
Item # WP #
Equipment or part othe system concernedby the deciency
Description o thedeciency
Recommandedimprovement
Type o interventionStatus
2.10.1. Registering o complaints
DateSource o thecomplaint
Description o thecomplaint
Number o similarcomplaints in thebuilding Type o complaint
Estimatedrelevancy o thecomplaint
Corrective action
TenantCaretakers
SHO
- thermal comort- moistures develop-ment (mould develo-
pment)- acoustic troubles
(neighbours, trafc,noice rom heating,
ventilation, pipes)- difculty to use
systems,….
Yes No
Description
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RCx IP2. AFTER RCx - STEP BY STEP
2.11. STEP 11: DIAGNOSTIC MONITORINGAND TEST PLANS
2.11.1. Need or more diagnostic monitoring and testing?
Yes
No
2.11.2. What element need more monitoring and why?
Item # WP #
Equipment or Part o the System needing morediagnostic monitoring
Reason
2.11.3. What type o diagnostic monitoring is chosen?
Datalogger plan
Functional test perormance
Manual reading o meters
Visual inspections
Others
Datalogger plan
Brand name o the datalogger
Start Date and Time
Stop Date and Time
Duration
Sampling requency
Total loggers
Total points
Total loggers
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RCx IP2. AFTER RCx - STEP BY STEP
Equipment name Point name MeasurementTypeModule Units Min. Max.
2.11.4. Functional Test Perormance
Equipment name
Checklist items
Description Comment
#1
#2
#3
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RCx IP2. AFTER RCx - STEP BY STEP
2.12. STEP 12: SUGGESTION AND PROPOSAL FORESMs’ OPTIMIZATION
Item # WP # Deciency identied
Optimizationpotential or the ESM
( Choices:- improve the
economic model othe ESM.
- enhance the energyefciency.
- increase thesocial perormanceand the reception o
the ESM by tenants.)
Type o optimizationproposed or the ESM
( Choices:- management &
strategic decision- technical
intervention(control, maintenancereplacement)
- increase thesocial perormanceand the reception o
the ESM by tenants.)Description o the optimization proposal/solution
Regarding the deciencies identied during the ormer steps o the RCx process, develop some proposals on optimization tips and solution orthe tested ESM.
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APPENDIXThe Appendix presents some theoritical material about the RCx
process. It will help the RCx process users to have more information onthe document objectives and structure. This Appendix can be use as a
Handbook for the Tool.
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OPTIMIZED ESM
ESM
RCx IPAPPENDIX A: AFTER BASICS
FOR THE RCx PROCESS
Energy Saving Measure
is implemented in order to improve the energy consumption o abuilding and related to heating aspects, warm water or electric poeringor heating equipments.
its impacts can eventually be monitored and evaluated regarding kWhand heating energy costs.
can be optimized/inuenced/present a potential to be improved.
respect the time line presented below.
OPTIMIZATION Optimization
is related to an ESM which show potential o improvement
this potential can concern the 3 ollowing objectives:- improve the economic model o the ESM.- enhance the energy efciency.- increase the social perormance and the reception o the ESM by tenants.)
can lead to several types o actions:- management & strategic decision- technical intervention (control, maintenance, replacement)- increase the social perormance and the reception o the ESM by tenants.
Optimized ESM is the defnitive version o the original ESM corrected with the optimizationleads and tested during the implementation phase
TIME LINE Time line
IMPLEMENTATIONESM
OPTIMIZATION FINDING AND IMPLEMENTATION
OPTIMIZED ESM
beore ater
RCx implementation
testing phase
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RCx IPAPPENDIX B: WHAT IS
RETRO-COMMISSIONING?
What is retro commissioning?
Retro-commissioning (RCx) is defned as the“systematic process or improving an existingbuilding’s perormance by identiying andimplementing relatively low-cost operational andmaintenance improvements, helping to ensure that thebuilding’s perormance meets owner expectations ”.Retro-commissioning is intended to be an equivalento Commissioning or existing buildings as its mainobjective is to understand “how building equipmentand systems unction in order to enhance a buildingoverall perormance ”.
As ootnotes indicate it, Retro-commissioningmethodologies have been particularly developedwithin the American procedures to improve theenergy perormance in the buildings and especiallyregarding acilities. Thereo, the main existing retro-commissioning literature ocuses on ofce andproduction rooms / buildings.
This particular background implies 3 remarksregarding the potential application or the AFTERProject:
1.I retro-commissioning is an interesting idea in orderto implement a standardized method to improve theenergy efciency o buildings, the process has to beadapted or residential buildings, and especially orsocial housing.
2.In the RCx process in ”real lie”, you start by fndingthe right buildings or retro-commissioning and thenyou fnd the ESMs relevant to carry our the retro-commissioning. In AFTER we defne the ESMs, wewant to assess, and then we fnd the buildings to testthem.
3. Existing retro-commissioning methodologies have
been created in a Northern American context orheating and cooling devices based on energy devicesand using electricity as energy carrier. Europeanheating systems, and systems included in the AFTERProject, are more prominently based on water warmedby dierent energy carriers.
As a consequence, AFTER partners will have to bewatchul on conserving the essential objectives othe Retro-commissioning (improving the energyperormance) At the same time the procedure shouldbe kept as simple as possible ocusing as a starting
point on objectives and adjustments according to theSHOs needs.
- an unjustifed, high energy-use index
- persistent ailure o equipment and/or controlsystem (worn out, old equipment should bereplaced beore the commission begins)
- tenants complaints
- indoor air quality problems
when to do it ?
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RCx IPAPPENDIX B: WHAT IS
RETRO-COMMISSIONING?
AFTER Retro Commissioning Methodologies:Background
Retro-commissioning has been hugely debated duringthe AFTER process.As a matter o act, the concept as presented in theAmerican literature can be understood in 2 ways, both:
- as a global process, or improving a buildingsperormance using Energy Serving Measures(investigation/implementation/post-implementation)- as a tool, the procedure document that will give thenecessary ramework to identiy the defciencies o an
existing building and to propose potential optimizationand improvements.
Thereo, we have to speciy –as an introduction orthis RCx methodology- what are the main objectivesintended or RCx process in the AFTER project. Thisreminder has to be done step-by-step regarding theoriginal defnition o the RCx (a “systematic processor improving an existing building’s perormanceby identiying and implementing relatively low-costoperational and maintenance improvements, helpingto ensure that the building’s perormance meets
owner expectations“) but trying to ft as close aspossible to the SHOs’ realities.
1.1. «A systematic process or improving an existing building’s
perormance…»
The philosophy o RCx corresponds to a systematicprocess o improvement regarding the perormance oa building. This wording implies several consequences,particularly or “AFTER”:
- A “systematic process” intends to create amethodology and a procedure that will be the same or
the dierent pilot sites included in the AFTER Project.
- The idea o “improving an existing building’sperormance” has to be weighted by the delays o theAFTER Project. As a consequence, the RCx will be verydirected to the equipment and systems o a buildingthat could enhance its global perormance.- RCx should not be restricted to the pilote sites but beapplicable or all other ESMs o the same kind –be ithe AFTERSHOs be it other (social) housing companies
Regarding the special eatures o the Social HousingCompanies, the AFTER RCx process should bevery pragmatic and inspired by existing routines
implemented by companies to optimize their energyconsumptions.As a consequence the RCx is closely linked to theexperience and knowledge o a Social HousingCompany regarding its housing stock and itsprominent issues in order to go straight to the point.
1.2. «… By identiying and implementing low-cost operational and
maintenance improvements…»
The RCx links diagnosis (“identiying”) and proposals(“implementing”) regarding the improvement abuilding perormance. As explained in the defnition,RCx ocus mainly on “low-cost” (that intend we
must give priority to some low key intervention withsmall investment) operational and maintenanceimprovements”.
1.3. «… Helping to ensure that the building’s perormance meets
owner expectations.»
This last part o the defnition has to be revisedespecially regarding the AFTER project and its topics.
As we ocus on housing and most particularly on socialhousing, the concept o “owner expectations” has
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bring equipment toits proper
operational statereduce complaints
i n c r e a s e t
e n a n t
s a t i s f a c t i o n
r e d u c e s t a f f t i m
e s p e n t
o n e m e r g e n c y c a l l s
r e d u c e e n e r g y
a n d d e m a n d c o s t s i m
p r o v
e i n d
o o r
a i r q
u a l i t
y
i m pr ov ef a c i l i t y o p er at i on
an d m ai nt en an c e
i n c r
e a s e
e q u i p
m e n t l i
f e
RCx IPAPPENDIX B:WHAT IS RETRO-
COMMISSIONING?
to be widened and has to integrate the tenants. As aconsequence, to “ensure the building’s perormancemeets owner expectations” must cover up a diversityo objectives that are gathering economic perormanceobjectives, energy perormance objectives and socialperormance objectives.
Among these objectives we must list:- To ensure that equipment and systems arereaching their proper operational state and theirexpected perormance (economic/energy perormance)- To reduce energy costs (economic/socialperormance)
- To identiy and monitor tenants complaints asan additional means o identiying defcits and- To reduce tenants complaints and to increasesatisaction (social perormance)- To improve operation and maintenanceroutines and reduce sta time on emergency calls(economic perormance) .
datas romLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,
Portland Energy Conservation Incand Energy Systems Laboratory, Texas
A&M University
RCx impacts
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RCx IPAPPENDIX B: WHAT IS
RETRO- COMMISSIONING?
Bibliography
MILLS E. 2009«Building Commissioning : a Golden Opportunity orReducing Energy Costand Greenhouse Gas Emissions.»http://cx.lbl.gov/2009-assessment.html
FRIEDMAN H. et al. 2009«IEA Annex 47 : Cost-eective Commissioning orExisting and Low-Energy Buildings»prepared or US Department o Energy.http://peci.org/documents/annex_reprt_0910.pd
PECI and LBNL«Functunial Testing Guide - From the Fundamentals tothe Field»prepared or the US Dept. o Energy and the CaliorniaEnergy Commissions’ Public Interest Energy Researchprogram
PECI, 1999«A Pratical Guide or Commissioning Existingbuildings»prepared by Oak Ridge National Laboratory and
Portland Energy Conservation, Inc.
American Society o Heating, Rerigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE) 2005.«Guideline 0-2005, The Commissioning Process»
CALIFORNIA COMMISSIONING COLLABORATIVE 2006«Caliornia Commissioning Guide : Existing buildings»
PECI, 2001«Retrocommissioning Handbook or FacilityManagers»prepared or Oregon Department o Energy.ENERGY STAR 2005«Building Manual. Chapter 5 : Retrocommissioning»www.energystar.gov/ia/business/EPA_BUM_CH5_RetroComm.pd
PORTLAND ENERGY CONSERVATION INC. 2007«A retrocommissioning or building owners»www.peci.org/sites/deault/fles/documents/epaguide.pd
EFFNINGER J. FRIEDMAN H. 2010«The Right Measures - What saves Energy in ExistingBuildings»
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RCx IPAPPENDIX C: MAIN STEPS
OF THE RCx PROCESS.
1. Select projectThe selection o the concerned project is a veryparticularly step in the AFTER Project and has beenperormed within the rame o WP8.
Else - in a normal RCx process - the selection o thebuilding is a very important frst step.As the Oregon Ofce o Energy (see oot note in ANNEXA) indicates in its Retro-commissioning Handbook,“Some buildings make better candidates or retro-commissioning than others (…) the most brokenbuildings may not be attractive”.
2. Develop a teamThe retro-commissioning process supposes a goodorganization within the Social Housing Organization.During its investigation phase, SHOs will have to namea team sharing the dierent responsibilities. This teamshould identiy the dierent persons responsible orthe dierent stages o the Retro-commissioning plan(global management, collecting data, technical stainvolved, and contacts with tenants). The interacesbetween the dierent elements o the team and themanaging sta o the Social Housing Company shouldbe indicated. Partnerships have also to be mentioned.
3. Gather documentation and inormationIn order to know exactly how the building is workingregarding the frst collected testimonies, theparticipating SHO should collect the documentsnecessary to know what are the dierent equipmentand systems involved and what is their expectedperormance. And energy bills.
This step has to be very efcient and to ocus on themost relevant documents or the project.
4. Review building documentationA frst overview on the building documentation shouldhelp to individualize some o the main defciencies othe building or potential missing points regarding theenergy perormance o the building.
5. Description o building equipmentsThe description o the building equipment is a ollowup on the frst overview with more detailed inormationon systems as well as equipment. It includes theheating system, the Domestic Hot Water (DHW)system, the ventilation and the lighting.
6. Perorm a rst direct site assessmentA frst overview on the building documentation shouldhelp to individualize some o the main defciencies othe building or potential missing points regarding theenergy perormance o the building.
The goal o the site assessment is to obtain an in-depth and on feld understanding on how the buildingare currently operated and maintained and to identiyhow these O&M could be improved. The main role othis frst assessment is to create a visual contact o thebuilding and a visual assessment o its perormance.
It also represents an opportunity to get somecomplementary inormation asking questions to theclosest operators o the building: the technical sta othe SHO and tenants. This is a very simple and low costmeans o monitoring.
This frst direct assessment could be scheduled asa walkthrough with the building’s caretaker or sometechnical member o the SHO and some tenants othe building. During the walkthrough a listing is donehighlighting major defciencies.
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RCx IPAPPENDIX C: MAIN STEPS OF
THE RCx PROCESS.
7. ConsumptionThe consumption i registering the data or the energyuse o the building - i possible or the last fve years.It also includes registering the costs o energy romthe energy bills - also rom the last fve years opossible.
For the use o electricity it is also important todescribe, which dierent elements are included inthe consumption - e.g. heating, ventilation, out doorlighting, caretakers apartment etc.
8. MeteringDescribe the meters in the building and the requencyo readings and how they are perormed. Also describethe sub metering, i any.
9. Operation & maintenance actionsThe overview is to be completed according to O&Mcontracts. It includes periodic preventive actions andcorrective actions.
10. Master list o decienciesAccording to the review o the building documentationand the frst direct site assessment, the retro-
commissioning team will produce a frst Master Listsummarizing the dierent defciencies observedduring the frst phase o the process. The list willpresent a global identity kit o the name o the system,equipment or tool impacted by the defciency, adescription o the observed issue and a suggestion ooptimization in order to improve the expected o thesystem, equipment or tool in order to reach at least itsexpected perormance.
11. Diagnostic monitoring and test plansRegarding the Master list o defciencies, theretro-commissioning team may identiy whatcomplementary data and test would be necessary inorder to obtain a better knowledge o the equipment/system/tool perormance.The diagnostic monitoring and test plan shouldcomplete the frst visual observation accomplishedduring the walkthrough. The diagnostic monitoring willallow the team to observe, i needed, the evolution othe concerned system/equipment or tool under typicalconditions and dierent scenario. This experiment willpermit to identiy when the system is correctly or most
efciently operating.The Oregon Ofce o Energy lists 2 main diagnosticmethods and test plans that will complete the frstMaster list o Defciencies:
- Data logging- Manual unctional testing
The tools used during the retro-commissioning willalso be used during the evaluation o the testing othe optimized ESM on sites and will be part o the“Common Evaluation Protocol”.
12. Recommendations and ESMsoptimizationOnce the Master List o defciencies has beencompleted, the SHO and the corresponding WPleader will identiy the most relevant improvementto be tested regarding to cost-eectivenessactors, expected energy efciency actors or socialperormance actors. Ater optimization, these ESMswill be tested during the evaluation phase. Theirperormance regarding the baseline period inventoriedduring the retro-commissioning will be analyzed
and documented using the “Common Evaluation orTesting Live on Sites o the Pilot ESM”.
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