Adolf Hitler: The FuhrerAdolf Hitler: The Fuhrer
Germany After WWIGermany After WWI
Germany cedes land Germany cedes land (Alsace – Lorraine, (Alsace – Lorraine, Poland, etc)Poland, etc)
Military RestrictionsMilitary Restrictions War Reparations and War Reparations and
European recessionEuropean recession War Guilt ClauseWar Guilt Clause Weimar Republic Weimar Republic
weakweak
German Revolutions German Revolutions 19181918
The German MarkThe German Mark
Weimar Germany:Weimar Germany:Political RepresentationPolitical Representation
1920 - 19331920 - 1933Political Political Parties in Parties in the the ReichstagReichstag
May May 19241924
Dec. Dec. 19241924
MayMay19281928
Sep.Sep.19301930
JulyJuly19321932
Nov.Nov.19321932
Mar.Mar.19331933
Communist Communist Party (KPD)Party (KPD) 6262 4545 5454 7777 8989 100100 8181
Social Social Democratic Democratic Party (SDP)Party (SDP)
100100 131131 153153 143143 133133 121121 120120
Catholic Catholic Centre Centre Party (BVP)Party (BVP)
8181 8888 7878 8787 9797 9090 9393
Nationalist Nationalist Party Party (DNVP)(DNVP)
9595 103103 7373 4141 3737 5252 5252
Nazi Party Nazi Party (NSDAP)(NSDAP) 3232 1414 1212 107107 230230 196196 288288
Other Other Parties Parties 102102 112112 121121 122122 2222 3535 2323
Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler Born on April 20, 1889 Born on April 20, 1889
in Austriain Austria Wanted to be an artistWanted to be an artist Served in WWI for Served in WWI for
Germany on the Germany on the Western FrontWestern Front
Powerful speaker who Powerful speaker who called upon the called upon the nationalistic pride of nationalistic pride of German peopleGerman people
Strong anti-semitic Strong anti-semitic feelingsfeelings
Baby HitlerBaby Hitler
Hitler was 1 of 6 children – 3 of whom died at early ages.
Draft Dodger Of Austria / Draft Dodger Of Austria / Enlistee For GermanyEnlistee For Germany
Hitler’s EmergenceHitler’s Emergence German Workers German Workers
Party becomes Party becomes National Socialist National Socialist German Worker’s German Worker’s Party, or Nazi for Party, or Nazi for shortshort
Mein KampfMein Kampf SA (Sturm Abteilung SA (Sturm Abteilung
or Brown Shirts)or Brown Shirts) Hitler becomes Hitler becomes
chancellor in 1933chancellor in 1933
““Do we not feel once again in Do we not feel once again in this hour the miracle that this hour the miracle that brought us together? Once you brought us together? Once you heard the voice of a man, and it heard the voice of a man, and it struck deep into your hearts; it struck deep into your hearts; it awakened you and you followed awakened you and you followed this voice … When we meet this voice … When we meet each other here, the wonder of each other here, the wonder of our coming together fills us all. our coming together fills us all. Not everyone of you sees me, Not everyone of you sees me, and I do not see everyone of and I do not see everyone of you. But I feel you, and you you. But I feel you, and you feel me. It is the belief in our feel me. It is the belief in our people that has made us small people that has made us small men great, that has made men great, that has made brave and courageous men out brave and courageous men out of us wavering, timid folk; this of us wavering, timid folk; this belief … joined us together into belief … joined us together into one whole! You come, that you one whole! You come, that you may, once in a while, gain the may, once in a while, gain the feeling that now we are feeling that now we are together; we are with him and together; we are with him and he with us, and we are now he with us, and we are now Germany!”Germany!”
- Hitler, mass rally at - Hitler, mass rally at Nuremburg, Nuremburg,
Sept. 1936Sept. 1936
The Beer Hall Putsch The Beer Hall Putsch 19231923
Hitler in Landesberg Hitler in Landesberg PrisonPrison
Hitler’s GoalsHitler’s Goals
LebensraumLebensraum MilitarismMilitarism RevengeRevenge Racial Purity of the Racial Purity of the
Aryan Race / Aryan Race / Nuremburg LawsNuremburg Laws
Enabling ActEnabling Act Establishment of Establishment of
the Third Reichthe Third Reich
Sich HeilSich Heil
Kristallnacht Kristallnacht (“Night of Broken Glass”)(“Night of Broken Glass”)
Nuremburg LawsNuremburg Laws
Denaturalization Denaturalization laws laws discriminating discriminating against Jewish against Jewish citizenscitizens
Used racial Used racial observance of observance of grandparents to grandparents to determine (see determine (see chart)chart)
Germany AblazeGermany Ablaze
Reichstag Burns, 1933
Nazi Anti-IntellectualismNazi Anti-Intellectualism Consequences:Consequences:
A society where A society where individual thought is individual thought is compromised & the compromised & the preservation of truth preservation of truth minimal.minimal.
Authorities have more Authorities have more power (no intellectual power (no intellectual spirit of dissent to spirit of dissent to challenge)challenge)
Emergence of Emergence of pseudoscience (eugenics)pseudoscience (eugenics)
Rewriting historyRewriting history Destruction of literatureDestruction of literature
Nazi Book BurningsNazi Book Burnings Why burn books?Why burn books?
Vent anger (symbolic Vent anger (symbolic transition of cultural transition of cultural values: intellectualism to values: intellectualism to radical emotionalism)radical emotionalism)
Unifies community in a Unifies community in a ritualritual
Intimidates intellectual Intimidates intellectual communitycommunity
Nazi Party declares Nazi Party declares that any book “which that any book “which acts subversively on acts subversively on our future or strikes our future or strikes at the root of German at the root of German thought, the German thought, the German home, and the driving home, and the driving forces of our people forces of our people …” is to be burned - …” is to be burned - May 10, 1933May 10, 1933
Education In The 3Education In The 3rdrd ReichReich Knowledge that Knowledge that
benefited the State benefited the State was allowed (i.e. was allowed (i.e. rocket science).rocket science).
Individual learning Individual learning frowned uponfrowned upon Independent thinking Independent thinking
goes against public goes against public opinionopinion
Propaganda as a new Propaganda as a new form of educationform of education
Goal:Goal: In democracy, students In democracy, students
learn to benefit learn to benefit themselves.themselves.
In Totalitarian Germany, In Totalitarian Germany, students learn to benefit students learn to benefit the State.the State.
2 Jewish students are humiliated in front of their whole class. The writing on the boardproclaims “the Jew is our greatest enemy! Beware the Jew!”
Nazi CurriculumNazi Curriculum Racial biology & Racial biology &
eugenicseugenics Celebratory Celebratory
German historyGerman history Discipline, duty, Discipline, duty,
obedience, courageobedience, courage Physical training – Physical training –
body over mindbody over mind No concern for No concern for
spirit of academicsspirit of academics
“The Jewish Nose is Wide at the End and Looks like the
Number Six”
Hitler On EducationHitler On Education "Universal education is the most "Universal education is the most
corroding and disintegrating poison corroding and disintegrating poison that liberalism has ever invented”—that liberalism has ever invented”—Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler
"Through clever and constant "Through clever and constant application of propaganda, people application of propaganda, people can be made to see paradise as hell, can be made to see paradise as hell, and also the other way round”and also the other way round”
——Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler
Hitler YouthHitler Youth Trained children for Trained children for
their role as Nazi their role as Nazi citizens.citizens. Men: “Wehrsport” Men: “Wehrsport”
(military training)(military training) Women: preparation for Women: preparation for
Aryan motherhoodAryan motherhood ““The weak must be The weak must be
chiseled away. I want chiseled away. I want young men and women young men and women who can suffer pain...” – who can suffer pain...” – Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler
"I will have no "I will have no intellectual training. intellectual training. Knowledge is ruin to my Knowledge is ruin to my young men” – young men” – Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler
Hitler YouthHitler Youth
Propaganda:Propaganda:People Cannot Think For People Cannot Think For
ThemselvesThemselves Spread & enforce Spread & enforce
Nazi ideologyNazi ideology the antithesis of the antithesis of
intellectual-based intellectual-based cultureculture
Rampant anti-Rampant anti-SemitismSemitism
Infected all mediums Infected all mediums of art, literature, of art, literature, and mediaand media
Joseph Goebbels:Joseph Goebbels:Head of the Anti-Head of the Anti-
intellectual Serpentintellectual Serpent
Goebbels On Truth & Goebbels On Truth & IntellectualismIntellectualism
““Intellectual activity is a Intellectual activity is a danger to the building of danger to the building of character”character”
““It is the absolute right It is the absolute right of the State to supervise of the State to supervise the formation of public the formation of public opinion.”opinion.”
““Not every item of news Not every item of news should be published. should be published. Rather must those who Rather must those who control news policies control news policies endeavor to make every endeavor to make every item of news serve a item of news serve a certain purpose.”certain purpose.”
The Big Lie TheoryThe Big Lie Theory ““If you tell a lie big enough and keep If you tell a lie big enough and keep
repeating it, people will eventually come to repeating it, people will eventually come to believe it. The lie can be maintained only believe it. The lie can be maintained only for such time as the State can shield the for such time as the State can shield the people from the political, economic and/or people from the political, economic and/or military consequences of the lie. It thus military consequences of the lie. It thus becomes vitally important for the State to becomes vitally important for the State to use all of its powers to repress dissent, for use all of its powers to repress dissent, for the truth is the mortal enemy of the lie, the truth is the mortal enemy of the lie, and thus by extension, the truth is the and thus by extension, the truth is the greatest enemy of the Stategreatest enemy of the State.”—Joseph .”—Joseph GoebbelsGoebbels
Night of Long KnivesNight of Long Knives June 30, 1934 – August June 30, 1934 – August
1934: The Great Purge 1934: The Great Purge (also known as (also known as Operation Operation Hummingbird)Hummingbird)
After the death of After the death of President Hindenburg, President Hindenburg, Hitler had made it clear Hitler had made it clear that he was the supreme that he was the supreme ruler of Germany who ruler of Germany who had the right to be judge had the right to be judge and jury, and had the and jury, and had the power to decide whether power to decide whether people lived or died. people lived or died.
S.A. leader Ernst Rohm S.A. leader Ernst Rohm is executed.is executed.
Gaining Lebensraum: Gaining Lebensraum: Nazi Spread & ConquerNazi Spread & Conquer