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Forming adjectives
Adding ‘y’.Drop‘e’.
Add ‘ful’.* Change‘y’ to ‘i’.
Add ‘ous’ or‘ious’. *Drop ‘y’.
Add ‘less’.
anger care mountain aim
ease* doubt danger end
greed peace industry harm
ice* beauty* mystery* sense
oil pity* glory* use
Add ‘al’. * Drop‘e’.
Add ‘able’. Add ‘ic’.*Drop ‘y’. Add ‘ive’.
music accept acrobat attract
nation comfort artist eect
person enjoy photograph act
nature* fashion sympathy* instruct
agriculture* respect robot progress
Adjectives can be formed from Nouns.
Noun Adjective
accident accidental
danger dangerous
length long
star starry
ind indy
Adjectives can be formed from Verbs.
Verb Adjective
enjoy enjoyable
help helpful
obey obedient
play playful
tal! tal!ative
Adjectives can be formed from Adjectives.
Adjective Adjective
comic comical
correct corrective
elder elderly
red reddish
sic! sic!ly
Comparison of adjectives
• "e use the Positive degree to compare two equal nouns.For example: His house is as big as my house.
• "e use the Comparative degree to compare two unequal nouns.For example: His house is bigger than my house.
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• "e use the Superlative degree to compare three or more Nouns.
For example: His house is the biggest in the neighbourhood.
Positive Comparative Superlative
bold bolder boldest
deep deeper deepest
near nearer nearest
rich richer richest
tall taller tallest
Positive Comparative Superlative
careful more careful most careful
enjoyable more enjoyable most enjoyable
forgetful more forgetful most forgetful
useful more useful most useful
onderful more onderful most onderful
Positive Comparative Superlativebad orse orst
good better best
little less least
Comparison of Adverbs
$imilar to the comparison of adjectives% adverbs have three degrees of comparison &the Positive% the Comparative and the Superlative. 'ost adverbs hich end in ‘(l’ form the Comparative ith ‘more’ and the $uperlative ith ‘most’.
Positive Comparative Superlativecomfortably more comfortably most comfortably
happily more happily most happily
!indly more !indly most !indly
loudly more loudly most loudly
noisily more noisily most noisily
Forming Adverbs Adverbs can be formed from nouns% adjectives and verbs.
'ost adverbs end in ‘(l’.
)ouns Adjectives erbs Adverbs
beauty beautifully
success successfully
angry angrily
foolish foolishly
continue continually
!no !noingly
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C!""#C$%V# N!&NS
P#!P"#
an army of soldiersa bevy of beauties,girlsa band of musiciansa band of robbersa board of directorsa body of mena bunch of croo!sa caravan of gypsiesa choir of singers
a class of pupilsa class of studentsa company of actorsa company of soldiersa congregation of orshippersa cre of sailorsa crod of spectatorsa crod of peoplea dynasty of !ingsa gala-y of beautiful omena gala-y of lm stars
a gang of croo!sa gang of labourersa gang of prisonersa gang of robbers
a gang of thievesa horde of savagesa host of angelsa line of !ings,rulersa mob of riotersa group of dancersa group of singersa pac! of rascalsa pac! of thieves
a party of friendsa patrol of policemena posse of policemena regiment of soldiersa sta of employeesa sta of servantsa sta of teachersa team of playersa tribe of nativesa troop of scoutsa troupe of artistes
a troupe of dancersa troupe of performersa party of friends
$'%N(S
an album of autographsan album of photographs
an album of stampsan anthology of poemsan archipelago of islandsa bale of cottona bas!et of fruita batch of breada battery of gunsa bloc! of /atsa boo! of e-ercisesa boo! of notesa bou0uet of /oers
a bol of ricea bunch of bananasa bunch of /oersa bunch of grapes
a hail of bulletsa hand of bananas each a nger2
a harvest of heat,corna heap of rubbisha heap of ruinsa hedge of bushesa heap of stonesa layer of soil,dirta library of boo!sa line of carsa list of namesa mass of ruins,haira nec!lace of pearls
an outt of clothesan orchard of fruit treesa pac! of cardsa pac! of lies
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a bunch of !eysa bundle of rags,old clothesa bundle of reood,stic!sa bundle of haya catalogue of prices,goodsa chain of mountains
a chest of draersa cluster of coconutsa cluster of grapesa cloud of dusta clump of bushesa clump of treesa collection of coinsa collection of curiositiesa collection of picturesa collection of relics
a collection of stampsa column of smo!ea comb of bananasa compendium of gamesa constellation of starsa cluster of diamondsa cluster of starsa clutch of eggsa crate of fruita crop of applesa fall of rain
a fall of snoa /eet of motor(cars,ta-isa /eet of shipsa /ight of aeroplanesa /ight of stepsa forest of treesa gala-y of starsa garland of /oersa glossary of di4cultords,phrasesa group of islandsa grove of trees
a pac!et of cigarettesa pac!et of lettersa pair of shoesa pencil of raysa 0uiver of arrosa range of hills
a range of mountainsa ream of papera reel of thread,lma roll of lm,clotha rope of pearlsa ro of housesa series of eventsa set of chinaa set of clubsa set of tools
a sheaf of arrosa sheaf of corna sheaf of graina sheaf of papersa sheaf of heata shoer of blosa shoer of raina stac! of armsa stac! of corna stac! of haya stac! of timber
a stac! of ooda stoc! of ooda string of beadsa string of pearlsa suit of clothesa suite of furniturea suite of roomsa tuft of grassa tuft of haira ad of currency,notesa reath of /oers
AN%)A"S
an army of antsa bevy of 0uaila brood,/oc! of chic!ens
a catch of sha cloud of /iesa cloud of insectsa cloud of locusts
a litter of !ittensa litter of puppiesa menagerie of ild animals
a muster of peacoc!sa nest of antsa nest of micea nest of rabbits
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a colony of gullsa drove of cattlea drove of horsesa /ight of birdsa /ight of dovesa /ight of locusts
a /ight of sallosa /oc! of birdsa /oc! of geesea /oc! of sheepa gaggle of geesea haul of sha herd of bualoesa herd of cattlea herd of deera herd of elephants
a herd of goatsa herd of sinea hive of beesa host of sparrosa !indle of !ittensa litter of cubsa litter of piglets
a pac! of houndsa pac! of olvesa plague of insectsa plague of locustsa pride of lionsa school of herrings,other small a a
sha school of porpoisesa school of halesa shoal of sha s!ein of ild geese in /ighta string of horsesa stud of horsesa sarm of antsa sarm of beesa sarm of insects
a sarm of locustsa team of horsesa team of o-ena train of camelsa tribe of goatsa troop of lionsa troop of mon!eysa 6oo of ild animals
F!*)S !F $'# V#*+
P*#S#N$$#NS#
P*#S#N$ PA*$%C%P"#
PAS$$#NS#
PAS$PA*$%C%P"#
arise arising arose arisen
aa!e aa!ing ao!e ao!en
bear bearing bore born%borne
beat beating beat beaten
become becoming became become
begin beginning began begun
bend bending bent bent
bid bidding bid%bade bid%bade
bind binding bound boundbite biting bit bitten
bleed bleeding bled bled
blo bloing ble blon
brea! brea!ing bro!e bro!en
breed breeding bred bred
bring bringing brought brought
build building built built
burn burning burned%burnt burned%burnt
burst bursting burst burst
buy buying bought boughtcast casting cast cast
catch catching caught caught
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choose choosing chose chosen
cling clinging clung clung
come coming came come
cost costing cost cost
creep creeping crept crept
cut cutting cut cut
deal dealing dealt dealt
dig digging dug dug
do doing did done
dra draing dre dran
dream dreaming dreamed% dreamt dreamed% dreamt
drin! drin!ing dran! drun!
drive driving drove driven
dell delling delt delt
eat eating ate eaten
fall falling fell fallenfeed feeding fed fed
feel feeling felt felt
ght ghting fought fought
nd nding found found
/ee /eeing /ed /ed
/ing /inging /ung /ung
/o /oing /oed /oed
/y /ying /e /on
forbid forbidding forbade forbidden
forecast forecasting forecast%forecasted forecast%forecasted
forget forgetting forgot forgotten
forgive forgiving forgave forgiven
free6e free6ing fro6e fro6en
get getting got got
give giving gave given
go going ent gone
grab grabbing grabbed grabbed
grind grinding ground ground
gro groing gre gronhang hanging hung hung
hang !ill2 hanging hanged hanged
have having had had
hear hearing heard heard
hide hiding hid hidden
hit hitting hit hit
hold holding held held
hurt hurting hurt hurt
!eep !eeping !ept !ept
!neel !neeling !nelt !nelt!nit !nitting !nitted !nitted
!no !noing !ne !non
lay laying laid laid
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lead leading led led
lean leaning leaned% leant lean% leant
leap leaping leapt leapt
learn learning learned% learnt learned% learnt
leave leaving left left
lend lending lent lent
let letting let let
lie lying lay lain
light lighting lighted% lit lighted% lit
lose losing lost 9ost
ma!e ma!ing made 'ade
mean meaning meant 'eant
meet meeting met 'et
pay paying paid :aid
put putting put :ut
read reading read ;eadride riding rode ;idden
ring ringing rang ;ung
rise rising rose ;isen
run running ran ;un
sa saing saed $an
say saying said $aid
see seeing sa $een
sell selling sold $old
send sending sent $ent
set setting set $etse seing seed $en
sha!e sha!ing shoo! $ha!en
shine shining shone $hone
shoot shooting shot $hot
sho shoing shoed $hon
shrin! shrin!ing shran! $hrun!
shut shutting shut $hut
sing singing sang $ung
sin! sin!ing san! $un!
sit sitting sat $atsleep sleeping slept $lept
slide sliding slid $lid
smell smelling smelled% smelt smelled% smelt
so soing soed $on
spea! spea!ing spo!e $po!en
speed speeding speeded% sped speeded% sped
spell spelling spelled% spelt spelled% spelt
spend spending spent $pent
spill spilling spilled% spilt spilled% spilt
spin spinning $pun $punspit spitting $pat $pat
split splitting $plit $plit
spoil spoiling spoiled% spoilt spoiled% spoilt
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spread spreading spread $pread
spring springing sprang $prung
stand standing stood $tood
steal stealing stole $tolen
stic! stic!ing stuc! $tuc!
sting stinging stung $tung
stri!e stri!ing struc! $truc!
sear searing sore $orn
seep seeping sept $ept
sell selling selled $ollen
sim simming sam $um
sing singing sung $ung
ta!e ta!ing too! =a!en
teach teaching taught =aught
tear tearing tore =orn
tell telling told =oldthin! thin!ing thought =hought
thro throing thre =hron
a!e a!ing o!e o!en% a!ed
ear earing ore "orn
in inning on "on
ind inding ound "ound
rite riting rote "ritten
Antonms
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above belo ?ill valley
abroad home ?umble proud
absent present ?usband ife
absent present @n out
accept refuse @nclude e-clude
active passive @ncrease decrease
add subtract @ncrease decrease
admit deny @ndierent interested
adult child @nner outer
alive dead @nside outside
all none @nsult praise
allo refuse @nterested bored
alays never @nteresting dull
arrive depart oy sorroasleep aa!e unior senior
bac! front Bind cruel
bac!ards forard Bind cruel
bad good Bnoledge ignorance
barren fertile 9a6y industrious
beautiful ugly 9ead follo
before after 9east greatest
begin end 9eave arrive
bent straight 9end borrobest orst level steep
better orse life death
big small li0uid solid
blac! hite long short
blameless guilty loss gain
bless curse loud soft
blunt sharp love hate
bold timid majority minority
bold timid many feboss employee masculine feminine
bravery coardice master servant
brea! repair mean !ind
bridge tunnel miser spendthrift
bright dull modern ancient
broad narro most least
busy idle motorist pedestrian
buy sell mountain valley
capture release natural articial
catch thro near far
cheap dear never alays
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city country niece nephe
clean dirty noise silence
clever foolish noisy 0uiet
cloudy clear normal abnormal
clumsy graceful north south
coarse ne notice ignore
cold hot obey command
come go obtain give
comedy tragedy often seldom
comfort disturb old ne
common rare omit include
common unusual open shut,close
contract e-pand order chaos
cool arm overloo! noticecoard hero pardon punish
coardly bold part hole
create destroy past future
cry laugh peace ar
daily nightly plural singular
danger safety polite rude
dar! bright polite rude
dan dus! poor rich
day night poerful ea!deep shallo praise blame
depth height public private
die live public private
di4cult easy punish reard
dim bright pupil teacher
discourteous polite purchase sell
divide multiply push pull
doctor patient 0uestion anser
drun! sober 0uic! sloDry et ra coo!ed
darf giant ra coo!ed
early late real imaginary
east est right left
easy di4cult rise fall
ebb /o rough smooth
empty full sad cheerful
enemy friend safe dangerous
enjoy disli!e safe dangerous
entrance e-it same dierent
evening morning separate join
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ever never several fe
everybody nobody silly serious
everyhere nohere similar dierent
e-it entrance slim fat
fact ction smile fron
failure success smile fron
fair dar! straight croo!ed
famous un!non straight croo!ed
fancy plain strange familiar
far near strong ea!
fat thin summer inter
fat s!inny seet sour
fe many seet sour
nd lose tal! listennish start tall short
rst last tame ild
/atter insult teach learn
foe friend teacher student
foolish ise these those
foreign local thic! thin
forget remember this that
found lost tight loose
free6e tha tiny hugefresh stale top bottom
fresh stale true false
friend enemy trust doubt
full vacant truth lie
future past under over
generous selsh unusual ordinary
give receive up don
give ta!e upset comfort
graceful a!ard vacant occupiedguilty innocent vacant occupied
guilty innocent valuable orthless
happy sad victory defeat
happy sad villain hero
hard easy ar peace
hard soft ide narro
head tail in lose
heavy light ise foolish
hell heaven ithin ithout
help hinder or! rest
here there rong right
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hide sho yes no
high lo young old
Antonms ,un-
arm unarm li!e unli!ecertain uncertain loc! unloc!
comfortable uncomfortable necessary unnecessary
common uncommon popular unpopular
conscious unconscious safe unsafe
dress undress scre unscre
e0ual une0ual seen unseen
fair unfair selsh unselsh
fold unfold steady unsteady
friendly unfriendly suitable unsuitable
happy unhappy tidy untidy
healthy unhealthy tie untie
just unjust true untrue
!ind un!ind illing unilling
!non un!non ise unise
Antonms ,dis-
agree disagree continue discontinue
allo disallo honest dishonest
appear disappear li!e disli!e
arm disarm loyal disloyal
arrange disarrange obey disobey
believe disbelieve order disorder
connect disconnect trust distrust
Antonms ,in-
accurate inaccurate
active inactive
ade0uate inade0uate
admissible inadmissible
attentive inattentive
correct incorrect
Antonms ,im-
mature immature
mobile immobile
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moral immoral
mortal immortal
movable immovable
patient impatient
perfect imperfect
polite impolite
possible impossible
probable improbable
proper improper
pure impure
Antonms ,mis-
handle mishandle
judge misjudge
spell misspell
understand misunderstand
use misuse
Antonms ,-less
careful careless
harmful harmless
helpful helpless
hopeful hopeless
painful painless
pitiful pitiless
poerful poerless
shameful shameless
useful useless
S/N!N/)S
abduct !idnap leery cautious
abhor detest legacy be0uest
above over legible readable
abridge shorten licentious led
abroad overseas listen hear
abrogate cancel lithe suppleabstain refrain little small
accord agreement livid enraged
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admit confess loathe abhor
adversary opponent lofty high
aable friendly logo symbol
aggravate orsen loo! see
agree consent lo0uacious tal!ative
air discuss lost misplaced
a!in related loving fond
alive lively loyal true
allocate distribute lucrative protable
allo permit ludicrous absurd
also too luminous bright
ameliorate improve lure entice
amount 0uantity luster gloss
annul cancel lu-uriant lush
anser response macabre gruesome
appease pacify mad insane
arraign indict maelstrom hirlpool
as! @n0uire% re0uest magnitude si6e
assembly gathering malice spite
assent agree margin edge
attire dress meager scanty
avarice greed mean cruel
baby infant messy untidybad evil middle center
badger pester misshapen deformed
beg implore moral ethical
begin commence morsel piece
behaviour conduct mundane ordinary
belief opinion name title
benevolent !ind narrate tell
berate scold near close
big large nefarious evilbil! sindle negate cancel
blamed accused negligible insignicant
blan! empty nepotism favouritism
bliss happiness ne unused% modern
bottom foot noisy rody
brave daring% bold noted ell(!non
bran strength obey submit
bright shinning obstinate stubborn
broad ide odyssey journey
broo! tolerate often fre0uently
bucolic rustic old ancient
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build construct omen sign
busy active omnipotent all(poerful
buy purchase omniscient all(!noing
calamity disaster oppress persecute
canon rule opulence ealth
capitulate surrender oral verbal
careen serve orator spea!er
careful cautious outset beginning
careful cautious outside e-terior
castigate critici6e ovation applause
catastrophic disastrous pacify appease
catch capture paltry scarce
caucus meeting pandemic idespread
cavort frolic paranormal supernatural
cede ;elin0uish parcel pac!age
celestial heavenly part portion
centre middle patent obvious
champion inner paucity scarcity
change alter peddle sell
cheat deceive pen rite
chide scold perhaps maybe
choose select perilous dangerous
chubby plump perish diecircumspect cautious persevere persist
clemency forgiveness pertinent relevant
clergyman minister pic! choose
close near pious devout
clothes dress placate appease
clout in/uence plentiful abundant
coagulate thic!en policeman constable
coddle pamper polite courteous
coercion force poor destitutecollusion conspiracy port harbour
commend praise portion piece
commodity product praise compliment
compulsory obligatory pran! jo!e
Concise rief pretty eautiful%attractive
concur agree protect guard
confer besto pull drag
conversant familiar purloin steal
converse opposite push thrust
copy imitate putrefy decay
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cordial friendly 0uac! charlatan
correct accurate 0ualms misgivings
courtesan prostitute 0uay harf
covert secret 0ueen empress
crave desire 0ueue line
culvert drain 0uic! rapid
cunning sly 0uiet peaceful
cure remedy 0uill feather
curtail shorten 0uip jo!e
damp moist rare scarce
dangerous ris!y rarely seldom
deadly fatal rash hasty
dear e-pensive read peruse
dearth scarcity ready alert
debilitate ea!en real genuine
deceive tric! reap harvest
decimate destroy rebu!e reprimand
decipher decode receptacle container
decrease reduce rec!less rash
deduce conclude recollect remember
deleterious harmful rectify correct
delude deceive recur repeat
demeanour behaviour red ruddydemise death ree! smell
demobili6e disband regal royal
demorali6e dishearten rein curb
denigrate defame rejoice celebrate
denounce condemn relic anti0ue
depart leave remain stay
deplete e-haust remedial corrective
deride ridicule remember recollect
desecrate profane remnant residuedesiccate dehydrate remorse guilt
despot tyrant renon fame
destitute poor replenish rell
detain conne retain !eep
detrimental harmful revenue income
devise plan rich ealthy
devout pious rift split
diabolical devilish riot revolt
di4dent shy roam ander
discernible visible robust vigorous
discreet prudent rostrum podium
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disease sic!ness rough coarse
disgure mar round circular
dismal gloomy rude impolite
disorder chaos rue regret
dispatch send rule govern
disperse scatter ruse tric!
disseminate distribute rustic rural
distend sell sac! pillage
distract divert sad unhappy
diversity variety safe secure
divulge disclose saga story
dodder tremble sanction approval
dull gloomy saturate soa!
dumb mute savour relish
duress coercion scant inade0uate
eatable edible scared frightened
ebb recede scatter disperse
eccentric odd% eird schism rift
edice building scion ospring
e4cacious eective scorn disdain
egocentric self(centered sear burn
electorate voters secede ithdra
elucidate e-plain seclusion solitudeelude evade seduce lure
empty vacant seldom rarely
end conclusion semblance li!eness
enemy foe separate sever
enough su4cient serene peaceful
ensnare trap% lure sham pretense
enterprise underta!ing sheen luster
entice lure short brief
entreat plead shorten abbreviateenvoy messenger sho e-hibit
ephemeral short(lived shun avoid
epoch era sibling brother,sister
e0uitable fair sic! ill
error mista!e siege bloc!age
escape elude silent 0uiet
e-orbitant e-pensive silly foolish
e-orcise e-pel simple easy
fable myth sinister evil
fall drop site location
false untrue% rong sceptical doubtful
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fantasy daydream slay !ill
far distant sleepy drosy
feather plume slim slender
feign pretend sloth la6iness
fertile fruitful smart intelligent
delity loyalty smell scent
erce ferocious smite stri!e
ght battle snare trap
lch steal snub ignore
nd discover sovereign monarch
rst initial specimen sample
scal monetary s0ualid lthy
/agellate hip s0uander aste
/oat drift static inactive
force compel steed horse
foretell predict stern strict
free release stic! adhere
friend companion% ally sti/e suppress
friend ally stimulate e-cite
funny amusing stingy miserly
furtive stealthy stop halt
gain prot strange odd
game recreation strife con/ictgargantuan large strive endeavour
garrulous tal!ative strong poerful
gather collect student pupil
gay cheerful studious diligent
general common style fashion
genesis beginning subdue con0uer
ghastly horrible submit yield
give donate subside diminish
glad happy succulent juicyglaring da66ling superb e-cellent
gnarl deform surmount overcome
gory bloody surprise astonishment
guest visitor surrender yield
gua laughter surround encircle
habit custom susceptible vulnerable
habituate accustom sustenance food
hale healthy samp marsh
hallucination delusion taint pollute
hamper obstruct tal! conversation
hapless unluc!y talon cla
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harangue tirade tangible touchable
hard di4cult tarnish taint
hate detest taut tight
haven refuge teach educate
height altitude teacher instructor
help assist tedious boring
herald harbinger tempest storm
he cut tempo speed
hide conceal tempt entice
hideous horrible tenet doctrine
high tall tepid lu!earm
home residence terse concise
hone sharpen tested tried
horde group thief burglar
hue colour thin lean
hug embrace thrive prosper
huge enormous throng crod
humane compassionate titillate arouse
hygienic sanitary titular gurehead
hyperbole e-aggeration toil drudgery
idiosyncrasy peculiarity top summit
illicit unlaful trail path
illimitable limitless tran0uili6e calm% anestheti6eillustrious famous transient temporary
imbibe drin! transitory /eeting
imitate copy traverse cross
immaterial irrelevant tre! journey
immense huge tric! hoa-
impale pierce trite commonplace
impasse deadloc! trust believe
impassive calm try attempt
impeccable faultless tain toimpede hinder tyrannical dictatorial
impending imminent ubi0uitous omnipresent
imperil endanger ulterior hidden% covert
implicate incriminate unassuming modest
implore entreat uncanny mysterious
inculcate instill under beneath
incursion raid undermine ea!en
indelible permanent underscore emphasi6e
indigent poor understand comprehend
indiscriminate random unduly e-cessive
indolent la6y unison together
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industrious hardor!ing usually generally
ine-orable relentless utter complete
infamous notorious vacant empty
infamy shame vacillate aver
infer conclude vain unsuccessful
inrmity ailment valiant brave
in/u- in/o value orth
infraction violation vanish disappear
infuriate enrage van0uish con0uer
inhibit restrain vehement adamant
ini0uitous unjust vendetta feud
initiate begin venom poison
in!ling hint venue location
innate inborn verbose ordy
innocuous harmless verdict decision
innuendo insinuation veto reject
inordinate e-cessive ve- annoy
in0uisitive curious vicious evil% cruel
inscribe engrave victory triumph
inside interior vie compete
insignia emblems vilify defame
insolvent ban!rupt virile manly% strong
instigate incite vital necessaryinter bury vocation occupation
interesting fascinating vogue fashion
intrepid fearless volatile unstable
intricate comple- vulgarity obscenity
intrigue plot vulnerable susceptible
intrinsic inherent ager bet
inundate /ood ages salary
involve implicate aive forgo
irate angry allo indulgeirrational illogical ant need
jeer moc! atch loo!
jest jo!e ea! feeble
jocular humorous et damp
join connect het stimulate
jostle push hole entire
judicious prudent ither shrivel
jump leap onder ama6ement
just fair oo court
!udos acclaim rath anger% fury
last nal rest snatch
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la6y indolent rit summons
least minimum yearly annually
leave abandon young youthful
'!)!N/)S'omonm is a word that sounds the same as another but is di0erent inmeaning.
air heir loan lone
ail ale made maid
alloed aloud mail male
arc ar! main mane
ate eight meat meet
bad bade medal meddlebail bale missed mist
bald baled muscle mussel
ball bal none nun
bare bear oar ore
beach beech one on
bean been pail pale
bear bare pain pane
beat beet pair pear
bee be patience patientsbeet beat peace piece
bell belle peal peel
berry bury plain plane
birth berth plane plain
blue ble pore pour
boar bore practice practise
board bored praise prays
bough bo pray prey
bo bough principal principle
boy buoy prot prophet
bra!e brea! rain reign
buy by,bye rap rap
ceiling sealing read reed
cell sell read red
cent sent right rite
cheap cheep ring ring
chec! che0ue road rode
coarse course role roll
cord chord root route
dear deer rose ros
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die dye sale sail
dun done scene seen
Dye die sea see
ee you seam seem
eye @ se so
fair fare sight site
feat feet soar sore
nd ned sole soul
/ea /ee son sun
/e /u soot suit
/our /oer stair stare
/oer /our sta!e stea!
fool full steal steel
fore four stile style
forth fourth suite seet
foul fol tail tale
fur r tear tier
gait gate their there
grate great thre through
groan gron throne thron
hair hare tide tied
hall haul to to
heal heel told tolledhear here too to% to
heard herd toed toad
here hear urn earn
higher hire vain vein
him hymn vale veil
hole hole vein vane% vain
hour our aist aste
idle idol ait eight
!ey 0uay ay eigh!ne ne ea! ee!
!night night ear here
!not not hole hole
!no no itch hich
lain lane ood ould
lead led rite right
lea! lee! yo!e yol!
lessen lesson yore your
PA*#N$ AN1 /!&N(
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A1&"$ ,AN%)A"S /!&N(
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#3
bear cub
boar piglet% pigling
buc! rabbit2 rac!
bualo calf
bull cattle2 calf
bull elephant2 calf
camel calf
cat !itten
co calf
deer fan
dog puppy
elephant calf
fo- cub
girae calf
goat !id
hippopotamus calf
horse foal
!angaroo joey
leopard cub
lion cub
pig piglet
possum joey
rat puprhinoceros calf
seal pup
sheep lamb
stallion foal
tiger cub
allaby joey
olf cub
6ebra foal
A1&"$ ,+%*1 /!&N(bird /edgling% nestling
coc! chic!en
coc! pigeon2 s0uab
dra!e duc!ling
eagle eaglet
gander gosling
goose gosling
grouse poult% cheeper
ostrich chic!
ol olet
partridge poult
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#5
pheasant poult
pigeon s0uab
san cygnet
tur!ey poult
A1&"$ ,%NS#C$S /!&N(
ant grub
bee grub
beetle grub
butter/y caterpillar
coc!roach nymph
dragon/y nymph
grasshopper nymph
house/y maggot
mos0uito riggler
moth caterpillar
A1&"$ ,F%S' /!&N(
eel elver
oyster spat
shar! cub
trout fry
hale calf
A1&"$ ,A)P'%+%AN /!&N(
Erog tadpole =oad tadpole
=urtle hatchling
Forming Abstract Nouns
Common Noun
Abstract Noun Common Noun Abstract Noun
brother rotherhood man manhood
child Childhood member membership
friend friendship mother motherhood
!ing !ingship neighbor neighborhood
leader leadership scholar scholarship
Verb Abstract Noun Verb Abstract Noun
behave behavior lose loss
die death marry marriage
free freedom please pleasure
gro groth sell sale
!no !noledge spea! speech
laugh laughter thin! thought
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#7
Adjective Abstract Noun Adjective Abstract Noun
angry anger ne neness
beautiful beauty strong strength
brave bravery thirsty thirst
great greatness true truth
happy happiness uni0ue uni0ueness
hungry hunger ea! ea!ness
!ing !indness ide idth
long length ise isdom
$he Plurals of Nouns
+ adding -s
Plural $ingular
antPlural Singular ants loc! loc!s
bicycle bicycles maga6ine maga6ines
co cos nose noses
daughter daughters orange oranges
egg eggs picture pictures
/oer /oers rose roses
grape grapes spoonful spoonfuls
house houses toy toys jug jugs vase vases
!ing !ings ell ells
+ adding -es to nouns ending in 2ch3 -s3 -sh3 -ss3 and -4
Singular Plural Singular Plural
beach beaches dish dishes
inch inches thrush thrushes
match matches boss bosses
atch atches dress dresses
bus buses glass glasses
octopus octopuses !iss !isses
syllabus syllabuses bo- bo-es
virus viruses fo- fo-es
brush brushes si- si-esbush bushes ta- ta-es
+ adding 2s to nouns ending in -o
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#8
Singular Plural Singular Plural
dynamo dynamos studio studios
photo photos tattoo tattoos
piano pianos torso torsos
radio radios trio trios
solo solos 6ero 6eros
+ adding -2es to nouns ending in -o
Singular Plural Singular Plural
bualo bualoes potato potatoes
echo echoes tomato tomatoes
hero heroes tornado tornadoes
mos0uito mos0uitoes veto vetoes
negro negroes
+ adding 2s or 2es to nouns ending in -o
Singular Plural Singular Plural
banjo banjos,banjoes memento mementos,mementoes
archipelago archipelagos,es peccadillo peccadillos,es
cargo cargos,cargoes lasso lassos,lassoes
mango mango,mangoes indigo @ndigos,indigoes
motto mottos,mottoes volcano volcanos,volcanoes
+ changing 2 into 2ies if a noun ends in a consonant before the -
Singular Plural Singular Plural
beauty beauties fairy fairies
cherry cherries family families
curry curries nappy nappies
diary diaries spy spies
duty duties theory theories
+ adding 2s if there is a vowel before the -
Singular Plural Singular Pluralchimney chimneys !idney !idneys
don!ey don!eys mon!ey mon!eys
guy guys toy toys
jersey jerseys trolley trolleys
!ey !eys valley valleys
+ changing 2f or 2fe into 2ves
Singular Plural Singular Plural
calf calves life lives
elf elves loaf loaveshalf halves sheaf sheaves
!nife !nives thief thieves
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leaf leaves ife ives
+ adding 2s to nouns ending in 2f or 2fe
Singular Plural Singular Plural
chef chef handcu handcus
chief chiefs reef reefs
cli clis roof roofs
girae giraes safe safes
gulf gulfs sheri sheris
+ adding 2s or changing 2f into 2ves
Singular Plural
darf darf,darves
hand!erchief ?and!erchiefs,ves
hoof hoof,hooves
scarf scarfs,scarves
turf turfs,turves
harf harfs,harves
+ changing the vowels
Singular Plural Singular Plural
a-is a-es goose geese
cactus cacti louse lice
crisis crises mouse mice
emporium emporia,emporiums oasis oases
fungus fungus,funguses tooth teeth
+ adding 2en or 2ren
Singular Plural Singular Plural
o- o-en child children
+ changing the vowelsSingular Plural Singular Plural
a-is a-es goose geese
cactus cacti louse lice
crisis crises mouse mice*
emporium emporia,emporiums oasis oases
fungus fungi,funguses tooth teeth
* Eor computer mouse% the plural is mice or mouses.
$he plural and singular forms of some nouns are the same
advice advice !noledge !noledge
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aircraft aircraft music music
baggage baggage nes nes
cattle cattle ospring ospring
cod cod scenery scenery
deer deer series series
sh sh** sheep sheep
furniture furniture species species
information information
56. $he Comparison of Adjectives
Positive Comparative Superlative
big bigger biggest
blac! blac!er blac!estbold bolder boldest
brave braver bravest
bright brighter brightest
busy busier busiest
clean cleaner cleanest
clear clearer clearest
clever cleverer cleverest
cold colder coldest
cool cooler coolest
dar! dar!er dar!est
dear dearer dearest
deep deeper deepest
dirty dirtier dirtiest
dry drier driest
easy easier easiest
fair fairer fairest
fast faster fastestfat fatter fattest
ne ner nest
funny funnier funniest
great greater greatest
green greener greenest
happy happier happiest
hard harder hardest
healthy healthier healthiest
heavy heavier heaviesthigh higher highest
hot hotter hottest
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+
!ind !inder !indest
large larger largest
late later latest
la6y la6ier la6iest
light lighter lightest
long longer longest
lo loer loest
luc!y luc!ier luc!iest
mad madder maddest
merry merrier merriest
narro narroer narroest
naughty naughtier naughtiest
near nearer nearest
ne neer neestnoisy noisier noisiest
old older oldest
pale paler palest
poor poorer poorest
pretty prettier prettiest
proud prouder proudest
0uic! 0uic!er 0uic!est
red redder reddest
rich richer richestsad sadder saddest
safe safer safest
shallo shalloer shalloest
sharp sharper sharpest
short shorter shortest
slo sloer sloest
small smaller smallest
smooth smoother smoothest
strong stronger strongestseet seeter seetest
tall taller tallest
thic! thic!er thic!est
thin thinner thinnest
tiny tinier tiniest
ugly uglier ugliest
arm armer armest
ealthy ealthier ealthiest
et etter ettest
hite hiter hitest
ide ider idest
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ild ilder ildest
ise iser isest
young younger youngest
Positive Comparative Superlative
ancient more ancient most ancient
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
brilliant more brilliant most brilliant
careful more careful most careful
careless more careless most careless
cheerful more cheerful most cheerful
comfortable more comfortable most comfortable
dangerous more dangerous most dangerous
delightful more delightful most delightful
di4cult more di4cult most di4cultenjoyable more enjoyable most enjoyable
foolish more foolish most foolish
forgetful more forgetful most forgetful
frightening more frightening most frightening
generous more generous most generous
handsome more handsome most handsome
helpful more helpful most helpful
ignorant more ignorant most ignorant
important more important most importantintelligent more intelligent most intelligent
interesting more interesting most interesting
pleasant more pleasant most pleasant
poerful more poerful most poerful
prosperous more prosperous most prosperous
sensible more sensible most sensible
terrible more terrible most terrible
thoughtful more thoughtful most thoughtful
unusual more unusual most unusualuseful more useful most useful
valuable more valuable most valuable
onderful more onderful most onderful
Positive Comparative Superlative
bad orse orst
far farther farthest
far further furthest
good better best
little less least
many more most
much more most
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+#
Compiled by,Ms. Sivajothi ArnasalamS.K. ln. Selangor !"# $ %ear &'""