Acquiring New Lands
Objective
� 1. Describe US involvement in Puerto Rico and in Cuba.
Luis Muñoz Rivera
� Puerto Rican
� Vocal activist for Puerto Rico’s
self rule.
� Spoke in the House of Reps for the future of Puerto Rico.
� Died in Puerto Rico and 3 months later US made Puerto Ricans citizens.
Controlling Puerto Rico
� PR’s feared they wouldn’t have the same level of self-rule they had under the Spanish
� Not all PR’s wanted independence
◦ Some wanted statehood
◦ Some wanted self governance as a territory
Military Rule and Civil Government
� During the S-A War US forces occupied the island of PR.
� Military rule lasted until congress decided otherwise.
� PR was strategically important to the US.
◦ Maintaining a presence in the Caribbean
◦ Protecting a future canal across Panama
Foraker Act 1900*
� Ended military rule.
� Set up a civil government in PR.
� US president could appoint the governors and members of the upper house.
� What was the significance of the Foraker Act?
Cuba and the United States
� US recognized Cuba’s independence
� Passed Teller Amendment saying the US had no intention of taking over Cuba.
American Soldiers in Cuba
� US troops occupied Cuba after the war
� Jose Marti feared the US would replace Spain
� His fear was somewhat true
� Same officials stayed in office
� On the other hand US gov. improved sanitation and medicine in Cuba.
◦ Reduced Yellow Fever.
Platt Amendment*
� US gov. insisted provisions be added to Cuban Constitution.
� 1. Cuba can’t make treaties that would limit their independence or allow another country to take over.
� 2. US can intervene in Cuba
� 3. Cuba can’t go into debt
� 4. US could put naval stations in Cuba
� Why do you think Cubans were upset over the Platt Amendment?
� Why did the US wish to attain a strong influence in Cuba?
Objective
� 2. Identify the causes and effects of the Philippine- American War.
Filipinos Rebel
� Outraged by the Treaty of Paris
� Emilio Aguinaldo, rebel leader vowed to fight for freedom
� US played the same role as Spain◦ Designated living zones
◦ Looked at the Filipinos as inferior
� 3 years to stop the rebellion
� Deaths: 20,000 Filipinos, 4,000 Americans
� Cost: $400 million
� Why did many Filipinos feel betrayed by the US?
Objective
� 3. Explain the purpose of the Open Door Policy in China.
Foreign Influence in China
� Philippines were a gateway to Asia
� China= huge market
� China weak from war and intervention, called the “sick man of Asia”
� Why did the Western powers seek to establish spheres of influence in China?
John Hay’s Open Door Notes
� US feared the Europe would divide up China and leave nothing for them
� John Hay wrote Open Door Notes that requested no one gov. could monopolize trade with China
� Leaders reluctantly agree.
� What were the Open Door notes?
Boxer Rebellion
� Europeans dominated most of China’s populated cities.
� Secret organizations formed to rid country of foreigners
� “Boxers” practiced martial arts. Killed missionaries, foreigners, and Chinese Christians
� Imperial govs. sent troops and ended the rebellion in 2 months.
Repercussions for the Rebellion
� China had to agree to
◦ Execute some officials
◦ To punish others involved
◦ Pay $332 million in damages
� US received $24.5 million
◦ Used $4 million and gave the rest back to China.
� Why would the US return the money to China?
After the Rebellion
� John Hay issued more Open Door notes
◦ US would safeguard trade in China
� Open Door Policy reflected 3 US beliefs
◦ 1. US economy depended on exports
◦ 2. US had the right to intervene to keep markets open.
◦ 3. The thought the closing of an area to US goods would threaten US survival
� This became US foreign policy
� What were the causes and consequences of the Boxer Rebellion?
Objective
� 4. Summarize the views regarding US imperialism.
The Impact of US Territorial Gains
� Anti-Imperialist League
◦ Grover Cleveland
◦ Andrew Carnegie
◦ Jane Addams
◦ Many leading writers like Mark Twain
� Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson would continue to exert US power around the world