Human being as the most perfect
creature and the representative of
God on earth is responsible to look
after the universe including
his/herself and other creations of God
Aktivitas G. Merapi terlihat dari Kawasan Kaliadem, Kepuharjo,
Cangkringan, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Jumat (22/10). Saat ini status
Merapi telah siaga. Foto: Antara/Wahyu Putro
Gunung Merapi kembali meletus dan mengeluarkan awan
panas dilihat dari Sidorejo, Klaten, Jawa Tengah (1/11).
Lava terlihat menyala bersama hembusan asap vulkanik dari
kawah Gunung Merapi yang terlihat dari Cangkringan,
Yogyakarta, Jumat (29/10) pagi. (AP Photo/Binsar Bakkara)
Asap solfatara disertai guguran material Gunung Merapi terlihat dari
Kaliadem, Kepuharjo, Cangkringan, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Selasa (26/10)
But, sometimes something
unexpected happens.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the
total population of the World, projected to
12/09/12 at 23:29 UTC (EST+5) is
7,057,535,404
http://www.census.gov/population/popclockworld.html
Monthly World population figures:
07/01/12 7,023,324,899
08/01/12 7,029,872,203
09/01/12 7,036,419,508
10/01/12 7,042,755,609
11/01/12 7,049,302,914
12/01/12 7,055,639,015
01/01/13 7,062,186,320
02/01/13 7,068,733,624
03/01/13 7,074,647,319
04/01/13 7,081,194,623
05/01/13 7,087,530,725
06/01/13 7,094,078,029
07/01/13 7,100,414,131
World 7,057,534,553
23:23 UTC (EST+5)
Dec 09, 2012
Geographies 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
1 Brunei 377.4 384.9 392.3 399.7 407.0
2 Cambodia 14,091.8 14,323.8 14,562.0 14,805.4 15,053.1
3 Indonesia 221,953.7 224,669.6 227,345.1 229,964.7 232,516.8
4 Laos 5,983.5 6,092.3 6,205.3 6,320.4 6,436.1
5 Malaysia 26,640.3 27,173.3 27,638.4 28,098.3 28,551.8
6 Myanmar 48,723.3 49,129.4 49,563.0 50,019.8 50,495.7
7 Philippines 86,798.4 88,574.6 90,352.2 92,137.0 93,923.4
8 Singapore 4,401.4 4,588.6 4,839.4 4,987.6 5,076.7
9 Thailand 63,444.0 63,883.7 64,316.1 64,732.0 65,124.7
10 Vietnam 83,957.9 84,750.5 85,522.9 86,277.9 87,019.7
http://www958.ibm.com/software/data/cognos/manyeyes/datasets/aedc1
6c87bab11e095f1000255111976/versions/1
ASEAN POPULATION
The Austronesian-speaking people
are various populations in Southeast Asia and
Oceania that speak languages of the
Austronesian family.
They include :
Taiwanese aborigines
The majority ethnic groups of East Timor, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Brunei, Madagascar, Micronesia, and Polynesia, as well as
The Polynesian peoples of New Zealand and Hawaii
The non-Papuan people of Melanesia.
Those found in Singapore, Pattani region of Thailand and the Cham areas of Vietnam (remnants of the Champa kingdom which covered central and southern Vietnam), Cambodja, and Hainan, China.
Summary tree of world populations.
Phylogenetic tree based on polymorphisms of 120 protein genes in 1,915
populations grouped by continental sub-areas and Fst genetic distances14.
Root placed assuming a constant rate of evolution. L. Luca Cavalli-Sforza
& Marcus W. Feldman Nature Genetics 33, 266 - 275 (2003)
Regions with significant populations
Indonesia: 237,424,363 (2011)
Philippines: 92,226,600
Malaysia: 12,290,000 (2006)
Papua New Guinea: 6,300,000
Madagascar: over 5 million (1998)
East Timor: 947,000 (2004)
New Zealand: 855,000 (2006)
Brunei: 724,000? (2006)
Singapore: over 600,000
Solomon Islands: 478,000 (2005)
Taiwan: 480,000 (2006)
Fiji: 456,000 (2005)
Hawaii: 140,652 or 401,162 (depend on def.)
Suriname: 71,000 (2009)
Recent study in Malaysia reported that:
The Melayu Jawa, Melayu Bugis and Melayu
Minang have a very close genetic relationship
with Indonesian populations indicating a
common ancestral history, while the Melayu
Kelantan formed a distinct group on the tree
indicating that they are genetically different
from the other Malay sub-ethnic groups (Hatin
WI, Nur-Shafawati AR, Zahri M-K, Xu S, Jin L,
et al. (2011) Population Genetic Structure of
Peninsular Malaysia Malay Sub-Ethnic Groups. PLoS ONE 6(4): e18312. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018312
Blood genetic disorders
There are three blood genetic disorders
commonly found in the region:
G6PD deficiency
Ovalocytosis
Thalassemia and/or globin gene
mutants
G6PD deficiency mutations
G6PD Kaiping (1388G>A)
G6PD Chatham (1003G>A)
G6PD Coimbra (592C>T)
G6PD Vanua Lava (383T>C)
G6PD Viangchan (871G>A)
G6PD Canton (1376G>T)
G6PD Union
G6PD Mediteran
Etc.
Ovalocytosis
The so-called Southeast Asia Ovalocytosis (SAO) is commonly found in populations of Southeast Asia
The SAO is similar due to deletion of 27 bp (9 amino acids) from codon 400-408 band-3 protein of the red cell membrane
Appearance of ovalocytosis on blood film
Original magnification x 400
Thalassemia
Mostly beta-thalassemia
Various mutants have been reported in
Southeast Asia, due to point mutation or
deletion of beta-globin gene in the short
arm of chromosome -11.
Majority of mutants are located in exon 1
[Cd 26/HbE (GAG>AAG)] , intron 1
[IVS1-nt5 (G>C)] and exon 2 [Cd35 (-C)]
Batak
Melayu
Minang
Palembang
Bangka
Dayak
Banjar
Palu
Minahasa
Jawa
Tengger
Sumbawa Bali
Sumba Sasak
Alor
Toraja
Distribution of -thalassemia and hemoglobin-E carrier in some
Indonesian populations (carrier frequency in %). * hemoglobin OIna.
1,5 0
3,7
5,2
2,9
4,3
9,2 6,5
5,4 4,5
3,2 4,8
0 10,6
3,1 1,5
0 0
0 1,7
1,2 3,7
0 4*
1,2 6,1
2,9 4,3
2,5 36,6
5,1 6,8 0 0
= -thalassemia
= hemoglobin-E
Distribution of common mutants of -thalassemia and hemoglobin-E
in some Indonesian populations.
Batak IVS I-5 Melayu
IVS I-5
IVS I-1
Cd 26
Palembang IVS I-5
IVS I-1
Cd 41/42
IVS II-654
Cd-26
Bangka IVSI-5
IVS I-1
Cd 8/9
Cd 41/42
Cd-26 Minang IVS I-5
IVS I-1
Cd 8/9
Cd-26
Jawa IVS I-5
IVS I-1
IVS II-654
Cd-26
Dayak IVSI-5
IVS I-1
Cd 41/42
Cd-26
Tengger Cd- 26
Banjar NA
Minahasa Cd-26
Toraja NA
Palu IVS I-5
Sumba IVS I-5
Cd-26
Sumbawa IVS I-5
IVS I-1
Cd-26
Alor NA
Bali Cd 8/9
Cd-26 Sasak IVS I-5
IVS I-1
Cd 8/9
Cd-26
At the moment some 28 mutants have been
characterized at MBL Eijkman:
Jawa-Sunda: HbE (Cd26,GAG>AAG),
IVS1-nt5 (G>C), IVS1-nt1 (G>T), Cd35 (-C);
Melayu: Hb Malay (Cd19, AAC>AGC), HbE,
IVS1-nt5;
Makassar: HbE, Filipino Deletion
Thalassaemia β, Hb Lepore Boston; and
Chinese: Cd 41-42 (-TCTT), IVS2-nt654
(T>C), -28
People inhabiting the present day
Southeast Asia region are genetically
related as the descendant of Austronesian
speaking people.
Some other extended groups of people
living in Madagascar and the Pacific region
can also be included in Austronesian
speaking people.
Besides neutral genetic markers found in
various Southeast Asian people, three blood
genetic disorders are commonly found in the
region.
These genetic disorders need lifelong
attention by the family of patients. Significant
budget should be allocated by the
goverment to provide health services, and
family of patients to consult, treat and
maintain better health condition of patient(s).
Having realized and acknowledged that
some serious genetic disorders are
common among genetically related
populations with common ancestry,
Southeast Asian solidarity should be grown
and nurtured to facilitate the establishment
of peaceful, warm and wealthy
neighbourhood of Southeast Asia region
and former region of Austronesian
speaking people in general.