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1326 Guide for Authors

ABBREVIATIONS

Absorbance AAd libitum ad lib.Adsorptive stripping voltammetry AdSVAlternating current a.c.Ampere AAnalysis of variance ANOVAAngstrom AArbitrary unit(s) A.U.Artificial neural network ANNAtmosphere atmAtmospheric-pressure chemical

ionizationAPCI

Atomic absorption spectroscopy AASAtomic emission spectroscopy AESAtomic weight at. wtAudio frequency a.f.Biological oxygen demand BODBoiling point b.p.Bovine serum albumin BSACalorie calCandela cdCapillary electrochromatography CECCapillary electrophoresis CECapillary-zone electrophoresis CZECentimetre cmCentral composite design CCDCentre of gravity cg.Chemical ionization CIChemical reference substance CRSCirca caCircular dichroism CDCompany Co.Corporation Corp.Correlation coefficient rCoulomb CCounts per minute cpmCounts per second cpsCross-validation (-validated) cv

Cubic centimetre cm3

Cubic metre m3

Curie CiCycles per second cs−1

Cyclodextrin CyDDalton DaDay(s) dDebye unit DDecibel dBDegrees

Celsius ◦CCentigrade ◦CKelvin K

Degree (temperature difference) deg.Degrees of freedom dfDifferential pulse DPDifferential pulse polargraphy DPPDifferential scanning calorimetry DSCDiode-array detection DADDirect current d.c.Disintegrations per minute dpmDisintegrations per second dpsDyne dynElectromagnetic unit e.m.u.Electromagnetic force e.m.f.Electron Impact EIElectron paramagnetic resonance EPR

Electron spin resonance ESRElectron volt eVElectron capture detector ECDElectron ionisation EIElectrospray ionization ESIEnantiomeric excess eeEnzyme-linked immunosorbent

assayELISA

Enzyme-multipliedimmunoassay technique

EMIT

Enzyme immunoassay EIAErg(s) erg(s)European Pharmacopeia Ph. Eur.Evaporative light scattering ELSFactorial design FDFast-atom bombardment FABFlame-ionization detection FIDFlow-injection analysis FIAFluorescence polarization

immunoassayFPIA

Food and Drug Administration FDAFourier transform FTFractional factorial design FFDFreezing point f.p.Full scan FSGas chromatography GCGas-liquid chromatography GC or GLCGauss GGood laboratory practice GLPGood manufacturing practice GMPGram gGraphite furnace GFGravitational acceleration gHanging-mercury-drop-

electrodeHMDE

Henry HHertz HzHigh-frequency h.f.High-performance liquid

chromatographyLC or HPLC

High-performance thin-layerchromatography

HPTLC

Hour(s) hHuman immunodeficiency virus HIVHydrophobic interaction

chromatographyHIC

Inductively coupled plasma ICPInfrared IRIntermediate frequency i.f.Internal diameter i.d.International unit I.U.International Conference on

HarmonizationICH

International Organization forStandardization

ISO

Ion exchange chromatography IECIon pair IPIon-selective electrode ISEIsoelectric focusing IEFIsotachophoresis ITPJapanese Pharmacopoeia JPJoule JKilogram kgKilowatt-hour kWh

Least squares regression LSLimit of detection LODLimit of quantitation LOQLitre lLiquid chromatography LCLiquid secondary-ion mass

spectrometryLSIMS

Logarithm logLogarithm (natural) lnLumen lmLuminescence immunoassay LIALux lxMagnetomotive force m.m.f.Mass spectrometry MSMass-selective detector MSDMatrix-assisted laser

desorption ionisationMALDI

Melting point m.p.Mercury-drop-electrode MDEMetre mMicellar electrokinetic

chromatographyMEKC

Microemulsion electrokineticchromatography

MEEKC

Millilitre mlMillimolar concentration mMMilliequivalent mEqMinute(s) minMolar concentration MMole molMultiple-ion monitoring MIMNear-infrared NIRNegative chemical ionization NCINeural network NNNewton NNuclear Overhauser effect NOENormal concentration NNormal phase NPNuclear magnetic resonance NMROhm �

One-variable-at-a-time OVATOptical rotatory dispersion ORDOrganic volatile impurity OVIOsmolar OsMOutside diameter o.d.Overpressured layer

chromatographyOPLC

Partial least-squares PLSParticle induced X-ray

emissionPIXE

Parts per billion ppbParts per million ppmParts per trillion pptPascal PaPhosphate-buffered saline PBSPicofarad PFPositive chemical ionization PCIPolyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis PAGEPound(s) lbPrincipal component analysis PCAProbability PProton magnetic resonance 1H-NMRQuality assurance QA

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Guide for Authors 1327

Quality control QCQuantitative structure-activity

relationshipQSAR

Radian radRadioimmunoassay RIARadio-frequency r.f.Relative humidity r.h.Relative standard deviation RSDResponse surface methodology RSMReversed-phase RPRevolutions per minute rpmRoot mean square r.m.s.Saturated calomel electrode SCESecond(s) sScanning-electron microscopy SEMSeqential Injection Analysis SIASiemens SSingle-ion monitoring SIMSize-exclusion chromatography SECSodium dodecyl sulphate SDSSolid-phase extraction SPE

Solid-phase microextraction SPMESquare metre m2

Square-wave SWStandard deviation SDStandard error of the mean SEMStandard temperature and

pressureS.T.P.

Static headspace SHStripping voltammetry SVSupercritical-fluid

chromatographySFC

Supercritical-fluid extraction SFESurface plasmon resonance SPRThermodynamic temperature TThermogravimetric analysis TGAThermospray ionization TSPThin-layer chromatography TLCTime tTime-resolved fluorescence TRFTotal organic carbon TOCTotal ion current TIC

Total reflection X-rayfluorescence spectrometry

TXRF

Ultraviolet UVUltraviolet-visible UV-VISUnited States Pharmacopeia USPU.S. adopted names USANU.S. Code of Federal

RegulationsCFR

Versus vsVolt VVolt-ampere VAVolt-coulomb VCVolume volVolume by volume v/vWatt WWatt-hour WhWeber WbWeight wtWeight by volume w/vWeight by weight w/wX-ray powder diffraction XRPD

PREFIXES

Prefixes to the names of units

Multiplier Prefix Symbol

10−1 deci d10−2 centi c10−3 milli m10−6 micro µ

10−9 nano n10−12 pico p10−15 femto f10−18 atto a10 deca da102 hecto h103 kilo k106 mega M109 giga G1012 tera T1015 peta P1018 exa E


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