CHEMISTRYA look into the periodic table and
some of its elements
What is an Element?
Everything around us is made up of different materials called elements. These are the basic building blocks of everything around us: the sun, the air you breathe, the water you drink, and even the dog you pet. Make sure to pay attention. After you are done reading, there will be a quiz!!!
The Element Song
Click here to hear a song on the elements
What is the Periodic Table?
Scientists have discovered over 120 elements to date. Some are gasses, some are liquids, and some are solids
What is the Periodic Table?
Some conduct electricity while others do not.
What is the Periodic Table?
Some dissolve in water and some do not
What is the Periodic Table?Elements vary in color, shape, and even weight
What is the Periodic Table?
So how do scientists categorize these different elements?
What is the Periodic Table?
The periodic table helps them do this.
The Periodic Table
The table was first created by Dmitri Mendeleev, a Russian scientist, in the year 1869 and has been edited many times by new scientists as new information has been discovered.
Organization
Elements in the periodic table are arranged in rows (side to side) known as periods, and columns (up and down) known as groups.
Trends
It is no accident that the elements are placed in a certain period or group. There are many different patterns that you can notice if you study the periodic table.
TrendsThe atomic radius of each element increase as you move down a group from top to bottom and decrease as you move from left to right across a period. Therefore, the element with the biggest atomic radius is located in the bottom left corner of the table.
Trends
The mass of an element increases both when you move down a group from top to bottom and when you move left to right across a period. Therefore, the heaviest element is located in the bottom right corner of the table.
Grouping of Elements
Elements are arranged in the same group or period when they have similar characteristics.
Grouping of Elements
For example, all of the elements (excluding hydrogen) react violently when placed in water. In fact, the reaction of Cesium and water actually produces sparks.
Types of Elements
Scientists classify elements with many similar characteristics into 3 different categories: metal, nonmetal and metalloid.
Elements
Click on each element to learn more about their characteristics and uses
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Helium
Lithium
Carbon
Nitrogen
Sodium
Aluminum
Potassium
Arsenic
Hydrogen
H Nonmetal Is the lightest element and makes up
90% of the universe. Hydrogen is one of the elements used to make water (H20) and also makes up most of the sun
Helium
He Nonmetal Helium is an odorless gas. It is the
second most abundant element in the universe. Helium is used in hot air balloons because it is less dense than the air around us.
Lithium
Li Lithium is a metal used in many different
types of batteries. Lithium is the least dense solid element. When pure, it silver white in color and very soft.
Carbon
C Nonmetal Carbon is the building block for all living
things. It forms graphite, and under extreme pressure, forms diamonds.
Nitrogen
N Nonmetal Nitrogen makes up 78% of our
atmosphere. It also forms vital components in food and fertilizer. Nitrogen gas is colorless and odorless.
Oxygen
O Nonmetal Oxygen is a gas and is needed for
humans to breathe. In order for something to burn, there must be oxygen present.
Sodium
Na Metal Sodium is an alkali earth metal. It is used
in street lamps and gives the light a yellow tint. When combined with chlorine, table salt (NaCl) is formed.
Aluminum
Al Metal Aluminum is a silvery white metal. It is
found in many products including pop cans and tin foil.
Potassium
K Metal Potassium is an alkali earth metal found
in soil. It is a vital element in the human diet. Potassium can be found in bananas.
Arsenic
Ar Metal Arsenic is poisonous to all living beings
and is commonly used in rat poison. It can also be found in car batteries.
Directions
Now you will be tested on what you have learned. Be sure to take your time and read all the questions and answers.
Good Luck
Question 1
What are the vertical groupings in the periodic table?
Columns
Periods
Groups
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Correct, you are on your way to becoming a great chemist!!!
Question 2
Where is the lightest element in the periodic table?
Top left
Bottom right
Bottom Left
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Correct, you are on your way to becoming a great chemist!!!
Question 3
Where is the heaviest element in the periodic table found?
Top right
Bottom left
Bottom right
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Correct, you are on your way to becoming a great chemist!!!
Question 4
Who was the first scientist to form the periodic table?
Mendeleev
Einstein
Pasteur
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Correct, you are on your way to becoming a great chemist!!!
Question 5
Which element makes up 78% of the atmosphere?
Carbon
Oxygen
Nitrogen
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Correct, you are on your way to becoming a great chemist!!!
Question 6
Which element is poisonous? Potassium
Carbon
Arsenic
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Correct, you are on your way to becoming a great chemist!!!
Question 7
Which element is used to fill balloons? Carbon
Helium
Lithium
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Correct, you are on your way to becoming a great chemist!!!
Question 8
Which element is the most abundant?Potassium
Hydrogen
Oxygen
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Correct, you are on your way to becoming a great chemist!!!
Question 9
Which element is used in batteries?Carbon
Sodium
Lithium
`
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Correct, you are on your way to becoming a great chemist!!!
Question 10
Which element is the basic building block for all life?
Carbon
Sodium
Nitrogen
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Correct, you are on your way to becoming a great chemist!!!
Question 11
Which element is needed to be present for a fire?
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Lithium
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Correct, you are on your way to becoming a great chemist!!!
Question 12
Which element makes table salt when combined with chlorine?
Sodium
Potassium
Aluminum
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Correct, you are on your way to becoming a great chemist!!!
Question 13
Which element is used to make pop cans?Carbon
Potassium
Aluminum
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Correct, you are on your way to becoming a great chemist!!!
Question 14
Which element is found in bananas?Nitrogen
Potassium
Hydrogen
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Correct, you are on your way to becoming a great chemist!!!
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Resources
http://www.proteacher.com/redirect.php?goto=5381
http://sciencespot.net/Pages/classchem.html http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GFIvXVM
bII0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_of
_elements http://www.chem4kids.com/files/elem_pertab
le.htmlEnd presentation