8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
1/58
A History of ChemicalA History of Chemical
EngineeringEngineering
CHEE 2404
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
2/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 2
What is a Chemical Engineer?What is a Chemical Engineer?
a) AnEngineerwho manufactures
chemicals
b) A Chemistwho works in a factory
c) A glorifiedPlumber?
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
3/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 3
None of the aboveNone of the above
No universally accepted definition of ChE.
However, aimed towards design of processes that
change materials from one form to another moreuseful (and so more valuable) form, economically,safely and in an environmentally acceptable way.
Application of basic sciences (math, chemistry,
physics & biology) and engineering principles tothe development, design, operation & maintenanceof processes to convert raw materials to usefulproducts and improve the human environment.
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
4/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 4
Chemical EngineeringEngineering
ChE involves specifying equipment, operating
conditions, instrumentation and process control for
all these changes.Mathematics
Chemistry
PhysicsBiology
Econom
ics
Natural GasAir
Coal
EnergyMinerals
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
5/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 5
What are the fields of Ch E?What are the fields of Ch E?
The traditional fields of ChE are:
petrochemicals, petroleum and natural gas
processing plastics and polymers
pulp and paper
instrumentation and process control energy conversion and utilisation
environmental control
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
6/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 6
What are the fields of Ch E?What are the fields of Ch E?
Biotechnology
Biomedical and Biochemical
food processing
composite materials, corrosion and protective
coatings
manufacture of microelectronic components Pharmaceuticals
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
7/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 7
What do Chemical Engineers do?What do Chemical Engineers do?
Regarding Engineers: it is not what we do, but how we think about
the world, that makes us different. We use all that we know to
produce the best solution to a problem (problems that engineers face
usually have more than one solution). Engineers use techniques of Quantitative Engineering Analysis to
design/synthesize products (materials, devices), services, and processes even though they have an imperfect understanding ofchemical, physical, biological, or human factors affecting them.
Engineers operate under the constraint of producing a product orservice that is timely, competitive, reliable, within the financialmeans of their company, and is consistent with its philosophy.
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
8/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 8
What do Chemical Engineers do?What do Chemical Engineers do?
Thus, they are involved in a wide range of activities
such as:
design, development and operation of processplants
research and development of novel products and
processes management of technical operations and sales
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
9/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 9
Chemical engineer is either currently, or has
previously, occupied the CEO position for:
3M
Du Pont
General ElectricUnion Carbide
Texaco
Dow Chemical
Exxon
BASFGulf Oil
B.F. Goodrich
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
10/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 10
Where do Chemical Engineers work?Where do Chemical Engineers work?
The majority of Chemical Engineers work in businesses known collectively as
the Chemical Process Industries (CPI) Chemicals,
Oil and Gas (upstream and downstream) Pulp and Paper, Rubber and Plastics, Food and Beverage, Textile, Electronics/IT Metals, mineral processing
Electronics and microelectronics Agricultural Chemicals Industries Cosmetics/ Pharmaceutical Biotechnology/Biomedical Environmental, technical, and business consulting
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
11/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 11
Where do Chemical Engineers work?Where do Chemical Engineers work?
Many Chemical Engineers also work in supplier, consulting and
governmental agencies related to the CPI by engaging in equipment
manufacture, plant design, consulting, analytical services and
standards development. Chemical Engineers hold lead positions in industrial firms and
governmental agencies concerned with environmental protection since
environmental problems are usually complex and require a thorough
knowledge of the Social Sciences, Physics, Biology, Mathematics and
Chemistry for their resolution. Chemical engineers have been referred to as universal engineers.
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
12/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 12
Where do Chemical Engineers work?Where do Chemical Engineers work?Initial placement of 2001/1999 graduates (USA)
3.9
5.8
2.4
1.8
5.6
2.1
9.3
3.1
10.6
15.9
15.7
23.3
4.8Other Industries
6.4Business Services
2.6Engineering Services (Environmental Engng.)
2.4Engineering Services (Research & Testing)
4.8Engineering Services (Design & Construction)
2.4Pulp & paper
6.9Biotech & Related Inds.
3.3Materials
11.4Food/Consumer Prods.
15.6Electronics
12.6Fuels
26.7Chemical
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
13/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 13
How much money do ChemicalHow much money do Chemical
Engineers make?Engineers make?Starting salaries (USA)The National Association of Colleges andEmployers (NACE) reported that, between Sept1999 - Jan 2000, the average starting salary offermade to graduating chemical engineering studentsin the USA was:
$49,418 with a Bachelor's degree
$56,100 with a Master's degree $68,491 with a Ph.D.
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
14/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 14
What is an Industrial Chemist?What is an Industrial Chemist?
Industrial Chemists are Applied Scientists.
Typically, they undertake optimization of complex
processes, butunlike engineers, they examine andchange the chemistry of the process itself.
Industrial Chemists are capable of fulfilling a
multiplicity of roles - as research scientists,development chemists, technical representatives
and as plant/company managers.
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
15/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 15
As the Industrial Revolution (18th Century to the present)steamed along certain basic chemicals quickly becamenecessary to sustain growth.
Sulfuric acid was first among these "industrial chemicals".It was said that a nation's industrial might could be gaugedsolely by the vigor of its sulfuric acid industry
With this in mind, it comes as no surprise that Englishindustrialists spent a lot oftime, money, and effort inattempts to improve their processes for making sulfuricacid. A slight savings in production led to large profits
because of the vast quantities of sulfuric acid consumed byindustry.
Early Industrial ChemistryEarly Industrial Chemistry
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
16/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 16
The German chemical industry experienced a period of rapid growth during the19th Century. It was focused on the production of fine chemicals or complicateddyestuffs based on coal tar. These were usually made in batch reactors (somethingall chemists are familiar with). Hence, their approach to running a chemical plant
was based on teaming research chemists and mechanical engineers. However, the English and American chemical industries produced only a few
simple but widely used chemicals such as sulfuric acid and alkali (both made incontinuous reactors, something chemists have little experience with). These bulkchemicals were produced using straightforward chemistry, but requiredcomplex engineering on a large scale. The chemical reactors were no longer just
big pots, instead they involved complex plumbing systems where chemistry andengineering were inseparably tied together. Because of this, the chemical andengineering aspects of production could not be easily divided; as they were inGermany.
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
17/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 17
Economics drives industry and
technological developments.
Sulfuric Acid (Oil of Vitriol) & "Fuming"Sulfuric Acid (Oleum) (H2SO4)
Required for the production of alkali salts
(used in fertilizers) and dyestuffs
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
18/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 18
Lead Chamber Process
1749 John Roebuck developed the process to make
relatively concentrated (30-70%) sulfuric acid in lead lined
chambers rather than the more expensive glass vessels.
air, water, sulfur dioxide, a nitrate (potassium, sodium, or
calcium nitrate, and a large lead container.
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
19/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 19
The nitrate was the most expensive ingredient becauseduring the final stage of the process, it was lost to theatmosphere (in the form of nitric oxide).
Additional nitrate (sodium nitrate) was imported fromChile - costly!
In 1859, John Glover helped solve this problem with amass transfer tower to recover some of this lost nitrate.
Acid trickled down against upward flowing burner gaseswhich absorbed some of the previously lost nitric oxide.When the gases were recycled back into the lead chamberthe nitric oxide could be re-used.
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
20/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 20
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
21/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 21
Notice how sulfuric acid production closely mirrors historical events effecting the American economy. Sulfuric acid production dropped after the American involvement in World War I (1917-1919) and open world trade
resumed. The stock market crash of 1929 further stagnated growth which was restored at the outbreak of World War II (1938). As the U.S. entered the war (1941) economy was rapidly brought up to full production capacity. The post war period (1940-1965) saw the greatest economic growth in America's history, and this was reflected in ever
increasing sulfuric acid production. Massive inflation during the late sixties and the energy crisis and economic recession of the early seventies also reveal
themselves in the sulfuric acid curve
Figure 1-1, Source: "US Bureau of the Census, Historical Statistics from Colonial Times to 1970."
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
22/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 22
Making soap a luxury It has been suggested that some form of soap, made by boiling fat with
ashes, was being made in Babylon as early as 2800BC, but probablyused only for washing garments.
Pliny the Elder (7BC53AD) mentions that soap was being producedfrom tallow and beech ashes by the Phoenicians in 600BC.
Oils or fats are boiled with alkali in a reaction which produces soapand glycerin
Saponification is hydrolysis of an ester under basic conditions,forming an alcohol and salt
Soap acts to reduce surface tension (surfactant) of water to make itwetter and emulsifiying dirt (holding it in suspension)
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
23/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 23
Historically,Na2CO3 was used
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
24/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 24
1700s the demand for soap increased due to washing of clothes,requiring Na2CO3
The Alkali compounds, Soda ash (Na 2CO3) and potash (K2CO3),were used in making glass, soap, and textiles and were therefore in
great demand. This alkali was imported to France from Spanish and Irish peasants
who burned seaweed and New England settlers who burned brush,both to recover the ash
At the end of the 1700's, English trees became scarce and the onlynative source of soda ash in the British Isles was kelp (seaweed).
Alkali imported from America in the form of wood ashes (potash),Spain in the form of barilla (a plant containing 25% alkali), or fromsoda mined in Egypt, were all very expensive due to high shippingcosts.
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
25/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 25
Nicolas Leblanc was a poor young man working in achemistry research lab established by the wealthiest man inFrance, the Duke of Orleans.
It took Leblanc 5 years to stumble upon the idea of reactingNaCl with sulfuric acid to form sodium sulfate, and thenconverting to sodium carbonate with limestone.
In 1789 he went to collect his prizeunfortunately this wasduring the time of the French Revolution.
A factory was built, but the Duke was executed and thefactory seized.
King Louis XVI of France offered an award (equivalent
to half a million dollars) to anyone who could turn
NaCl (common table salt) into Na2CO3 because French
access to these raw materials was threatened.
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
26/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 26
Alkali and the Le Blanc ProcessAlkali and the Le Blanc Process
Dependence on imported soda ended with the Le Blanc Process
whichconverted common salt into soda ash using sulfuric acid,
limestone and coal as feedstock (raw materials) and produced
hydrochloric acid as a by-product.
2 NaCl (salt) + H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) => Na2SO4 (saltcake,
intermediate) + 2 HCl (hydrochloric acid gas, a horrible waste
product)
Na2SO4 (saltcake) + Ca2CO3 (calcium carbonate, limestone) + 4 C(s)
(coal) => Na2CO3 (soda ash extracted from black ash) + CaS (dirty
calcium sulfide waste) + 4 CO (carbon monoxide)
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
27/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 27
Alkali and the Le Blanc ProcessAlkali and the Le Blanc Process
In many ways, this process began the modern chemical industry.
From its adoption in 1810 it was continually improved over the next
80 years through elaborate engineering efforts mainly directed at
recovering or reducing the terrible by-products of the process, namely:hydrochloric acid, nitrogen oxides, sulfur, manganese, and chlorine
gas.
Indeed because of these polluting chemicals many manufacturing sites
were surrounded by a ring of dead and dying grass and trees.
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
28/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 28
Alkali and the Le Blanc ProcessAlkali and the Le Blanc Process
A petition against the Le BlancProcess in 1839 complained that:
"the gas from these manufactories is of such a deleteriousnature as to blight everything within its influence, and is alike
baneful to health and property. The herbage of the fields intheir vicinity is scorched, the gardens neither yield fruit norvegetables; many flourishing trees have lately become rottennaked sticks. Cattle and poultry droop and pine away. Ittarnishes the furniture in our houses, and when we are exposedto it, which is of frequent occurrence, we are afflicted with
coughs and pains in the head...all of which we attribute to theAlkali works."
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
29/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 29
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
30/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 30
Soda Ash and the Solvay ProcessSoda Ash and the Solvay Process
In 1873 a new process - the Solvay Process - replaced Le Blanc'smethod for producing Alkali.
The process was perfected in 1863 by a Belgian chemist, ErnestSolvay. The chemistry was based upon an old discovery by A. J.Fresnel who in 1811 had shown that Sodium Bicarbonate could beprecipitated from a salt solution containing ammonium bicarbonate.
This chemistry was far simpler than that devised by Le Blanc,however to be used on an industrial scale many engineering obstacleshad to be overcome. Sixty years of attempted scale-up had failed until
Solvay finally succeeded. Solvay's contribution was therefore oneof chemical engineering.
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
31/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 31
Soda Ash and the Solvay ProcessSoda Ash and the Solvay Process
The heart of his design was an 80 foot tall high-efficiency
carbonating tower in which ammoniated brine trickled down and
carbon dioxide flowed up. Plates and bubble caps created a large
surface area (contacting area) over which the two chemicals could
react forming sodium bicarbonate.
Solvay's engineering resulted in a continuously operating process
free of hazardous by-products and with an easily purified final
product.
By 1880 it was evident that it would rapidly replace the traditional LeBlanc Process.
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
32/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 32
The dawn of Chemical EngineeringThe dawn of Chemical Engineering
English industrialists spent a lot oftime, money, and effort in
attempts to improve their processes for making bulk chemicals
because a slight savings in production led to large profits because of
the vast quantities of sulfuric acid consumed by industry.
The term "chemical engineer" had been floating around technical
circles throughout the 1880's, but there was no formal education for
such a person.
The "chemical engineer" of these years was either a mechanical
engineer who had gained some knowledge of chemical processequipment, a chemical plant foreman with a lifetime of experience but
little education, or an applied chemist with knowledge of large scale
industrial chemical reactions.
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
33/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 33
The dawn of Chemical EngineeringThe dawn of Chemical Engineering
In 1887 George Davis, an Alkali Inspector from the "Midland" region
of England molded his knowledge into a series of12 lectures on
chemical engineering, which he presented at the Manchester
Technical School. This chemical engineering course was organized
around individual chemical operations, later to be called unit
operations. Davis explored these operations empirically and
presented operating practices employed by the British chemical
industry.
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
34/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 34
A new profession ChemicalA new profession Chemical
EngineeringEngineering For all intents and purposes the chemical engineering profession began
in 1888 when Professor Lewis Norton of the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology (MIT) initiated the first four year bachelor
program in chemical engineering entitled "Course X" (ten). Soon
other colleges, such as the University of Pennsylvania and Tulane
University followed MIT's lead in 1892 and 1894 respectively.
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
35/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 35
First US Chemical EngineeringFirst US Chemical Engineering
educationeducation 1888, Lewis M. Norton at MIT, as part of
Chemistry Department.
In response to rapid rise of the industrialchemical industries. Based on descriptive industrial chemistry,
of salt, potash, sulfuric acid, soap, coal.
Graduates lacked concepts and tools tosolve new problems in the emergingpetroleum and organic chemical industries.
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
36/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 36
First Canadian Chemical EngineeringFirst Canadian Chemical Engineering
educationeducation 1878 Toronto (Analytical and Applied Chemistry) 1902 Queens (Department of Chemical Engineering) 1904 Toronto (Department of ChE and Applied Chemistry) 1912 Ecole Polytechnique (from Diploma dingenieur-chimiste granted
through Laval) 1942 Ecole Polytechnique (Industrial Chemistry) 1958 Ecole Polytechnique (Department of chemical Engineering)
1914 McGill 1915 UBC
1926 Alberta 1934 Saskatchewan 1940 Laval (Nova Scotia Technical College 1947)
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
37/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 37
A new profession ChemicalA new profession Chemical
EngineeringEngineering From its beginning chemical engineering was tailored to fulfill the
needs of the chemical industry which, in the USA, was mostly based
on petroleum derived feedstocks. Competitionbetween manufacturers
was brutal, and all strove to be the "low cost producer." However, to
stay ahead of the pack chemical plants had to be optimized. This
necessitated things such as; continuously operating reactors (as
opposed to batch operation), recycling and recovery of unreacted
reactants, and cost effective purification of products. These advances
in-turn required plumbing systems (for which traditional chemists
where unprepared) and detailed physical chemistry knowledge(unbeknownst to mechanical engineers). The new chemical engineers
were capable of designing and operating the increasingly complex
chemical operations which were rapidly emerging.
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
38/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 38
Unit operationsUnit operations
In transforming matter from inexpensive raw materials to highlydesired products, chemical engineers became very familiar with thephysical and chemical operations necessary in this metamorphosis.
Examples of this include: filtration drying distillation crystallization grinding sedimentation combustion
catalysis heat exchange coating, and so on.
Physical
Chemical operations
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
39/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 39
Unit OperationsUnit Operations
These "unit operations" repeatedly found their way into
industrial practice, and became a convenient manner of
organizing chemical engineering knowledge.
Additionally, the knowledge gained concerning a "unitoperation" governing one set of materials can easily be
applied to others
driving a car is driving a car no matter what the make.
So, whether one is distilling alcohol for hard liquor orpetroleum for gasoline, the underlying principles are the
same!
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
40/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 40
Unit operationsUnit operations
The "unit operations" concept had been latent in the chemicalengineering profession ever since George Davis had organized hisoriginal 12 lectures around the topic.
But, it was Arthur Little who first recognized the potential of using
Unit Operations" to separate chemical engineering from otherprofessions
While mechanical engineers focused on machinery, and industrialchemists concerned themselves with products, and applied chemistsstudied individual reactions, no one, before chemical engineers, hadconcentrated upon the underlying processes common to all chemical
products, reactions, and machinery. The chemical engineer,utilizing the conceptual tool that was unit operations, could now makeclaim to industrial territory by showing his or her uniqueness andworth to the American chemical manufacturer.
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
41/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 41
Paradigm: a pattern or modelParadigm: a pattern or model
Paradigmis a constellation that defines a professionand an intellectual discipline
Firm theoretical foundations, triumphant applications tosolve important problems
Universities agree on core subjects taught to allstudents, standard textbooks and handbooks,accreditation of degrees
Professional societies and journals Organize research directions - what is a good research
problem, and what are legitimate methods of solution?
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
42/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 42
Chemical engineering paradigmsChemical engineering paradigms
Pre-paradigm - engineers with no formal education
1. The first paradigm - Unit Operations, 1923
2. The second paradigm - Transport Phenomena, 19603. The third paradigm - ?
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
43/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 43
Pre-paradigmPre-paradigm
Fire (300,000 BC) as the first chemical technology
Led to pyro-technologies: cooking, pottery, metallurgy,
glass, reaction engineering
Chemical technology as empirical art, with no
reliable scientific foundation or formally educated
engineers. Ecole des Ponts et Chausee, 1736, first modern
engineering school.
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
44/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 44
The first paradigm
Arthur D. Little, industrialist and chair ofvisiting committee of chemical engineering
at MIT, wrote report in 1908Unit Operations should be the foundation
of chemical engineering
First textbook Walker-Lewis-McAdamsPrinciples of Chemical Engineering 1923
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
45/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 45
The first paradigm: early success
Becamecore of chemical engineering curriculum, unit
operations, stoichiometry, thermodynamics
principle to organize useful knowledgeinspiration for research to fill in the gaps in
knowledge
Effective in problem solvinggraduates have a toolbox to solve processing
problems in oil distillation, petrochemical, newpolymers
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
46/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 46
The first paradigm: later
stagnation World War II creation of new technologies by
scientists without engineering education: atomic
bomb, radar. Engineering students needed to master new
concepts and tools in chemistry and physics.
Unit Operations no longer created streams of
exciting new research problems that werechallenging to professors and students, and useful
in industry.
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
47/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 47
The second paradigm
First textbook Transport Phenomena by Bird-Stewart-Lightfoot, 1960, based on kinetic theory ofgases
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
48/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 48
The second paradigm
Textbook by AmundsonMathematical Methods inChemical Engineering,(1966).
A new burst of creativeresearch activities.
American chemicalindustry dominated world,DuPont and Exxon content
to recruit academicallyeducated graduates, willingto teach them technology.
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
49/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 49
The second paradigm: early
success The Engineering Science movement
became dominant in the US, and was taught
at all the leading universities. AIChE accreditation requires differentialequations, transport phenomena.
Research funding agencies and journals turntheir backs on empirical and qualitativeresearch as old fashioned.
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
50/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 50
Chemical Engineering
accomplishments Production of Synthetic Ammonia and Fertilizers, Production of petrochemicals, Commercial-scale production of antibiotics (biotechnology/ pharmaceuticals), Establishment of the plastics industry,
Establishment of the synthetic fiber industry, Establishment of the synthetic rubber industry, Electrolytic production of Aluminum, Energy production and the development of new sources of energy, Production of fissionable isotopes, Production of IT products (storage devices, microelectronics, ultraclean
environment), Artificial organs and biomedical devices, Food processing, Process Simulation tools.
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
51/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 51
Undergraduate curriculum
Designed to provide students with a broad background in the
underlying sciences of Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics
Detailed knowledge ofengineering principles and practices, along
with a good appreciation ofsocial and economic factors Laboratory involvement is an important component
Develop team work skills,
Development of problem-identification and problem-solving
skills.
Stress the preparation of students for independent work and
development of interpersonal skills necessary for professional
engineers.
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
52/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 52
Undergraduate curriculum
Elective courses provide an opportunity to obtain additional training in
areas of emphasis:
Environment
Computers and Process Control Energy
Biotechnology
Petroleum
Research & Development
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
53/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 53
Curriculum
Basic Sciences Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry
Engineering Sciences Thermodynamics (Heat, work, phase equilibrium, chemical
equilibrium) Transport Phenomena (heat transfer, fluid mechanics, mass
transfer) Numerical Analysis
Engineering Design
Computer-Aided Design Chemical Reaction Engineering Separation Processes Process Control Process Design
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
54/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 54
Co-operative education
Co-operative education integrates on-campus studies with practical work experience
Results in a degree solidly grounded in both theory and practice
Acquiring skills that are complementary to academic training
Facilitates getting a desirable job upon graduation (50% of jobs are not advertised)
Co-op is a challenging and rewarding way to earn your degree and the necessary workexperience to gain an edge on the career market at graduation
FALL WINTER SUMMER
Year 1 AT1 AT2 FREE
Year 2 AT3 AT4 FREE
Year 3 WT1 AT5 WT2
Year 4 AT6 WT3 WT4
Year 5 AT7 AT8
Students also have the ability to do a 12 or 16 month internship in which all work terms
are done at once
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
55/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 55
Skills required
Technical skills are vital.
But all employees will have a high level of technical competence
(otherwise they arent employed for long).
Soft Skills advance careers Leadership (self motivated),
Ability to work in groups,
Communication
With such a broad education, Chemical Engineers are well prepared toaddress problems involving all types of changes to the physical and/or
chemical state of materials.
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
56/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 56
Chemical Engineering: New
Directions? Phasing out of formerly successful products: tetra-ethyl
lead, DDT, cellophane, freon or CFC. End of the parade of new polymers: celluloid, bakelite,
nylon, kevlar. To attract the best students, the lure of new products to
enhance lives - laptop computers, cellular phone andinternet.
Cost-cutting and environmental protection is no match forglamorous new products.
We need to give chemical engineers the intellectual toolbox,to innovate exciting new products that people will learn tolove.
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
57/58
CHEE 2404:Industrial Chemistry 57
Product Engineering: a third
paradigm? Product engineering is innovation and design of
useful products that people want
1. Define a product, study the customers &needs
2. Understand property-structure
3. Design and innovate the product
8/2/2019 A History of Chemical Engineering
58/58
CHEE 2404 I d i l Ch i 58
AIChE www.aiche.org
CSChE www.chemeng.ca
IChemE www.icheme.chemeng.ed.ac.uk
Join the student chapter of CSChE
Talk to Chemical Engineers
Read Chemical Engineering magazines
How do I find out more information?How do I find out more information?