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""PROVIDENCE
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!! !!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!! !!!!!!!! !!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!! !!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!! !!! !!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!! !!!!! ! !!!!!!!! !!! !! !!!!!!! !!!!!! ! !!!!!!!! !!!! !!!!! !!!!! !!!! !!! !!!!! !!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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""BROCKTON
g
g
`̀g
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""NEWPORT
PAWTUXETRIV
ER
TEN M
ILERIVER
Field's Point
Fall RiverWWTP
SomersetWPCF
BucklinPoint
UpperBlackstone
WPAD
East ProvidenceCranston
Attleboro
Process Overview
`̀
baba
g
g
`̀
g
g
g
""WORCESTER
TAUNTON RIVER
""
""
TAUNTON
FALL RIVER
What drives changes in the watershed and bay?
WATER QUALITY FOR AQUATIC LIFE
g
`̀
g
""WORCESTER
Introduction
BLACKSTONE RIVER
N A R R A G A N S E T T B A Y
Woonsocket
Smithfield
RHODE ISLAND
Eivy Y. Monroy1, Julia Twichell1, Anne Kuhn2, Michael Charpentier3, Juliet Swigor4, Jessica Cressman5, Peter August5, Paul Jordan61Narragansett Bay Estuary Program, NEIWPCC; 2US EPA Atlantic Ecology Division; 3CSRA; 4MassDEP; 5URI Environmental Data Center; 6RIDEM
A Geographical Approach
7
LICENSED MARINE BEACHES*
UNPROTECTED NATURAL LANDS
HABITAT OF BROOK TROUTDATA AND METHODS: Eastern Brook Trout Joint Venture and Coldwater Streams. Analysis of catchment areas of streams where brook trout have been observed in the past two decades and designation of coldwater streams in Massachusetts.LEGEND: COLDWATER STREAM
BROOK TROUT HABITATBROOK TROUT PATCHAREAS (CATCHMENTS)
DATA AND METHODS: CAPS (UMass Amherst); raster analysisLEGEND:
Massachusetts
Connecticut
RhodeIsland
Upper Blackstone(Worcester)
Taunton
Somerset
Fall River
MOUNT HOPE
BAY
PROVIDENCE R IVER
ESTUARY
GREENWICHBAY
WEST PASS
AGE
SAKO
NNET
RIVE
REAST
PASS
AGE
STATUS CHANGES IMPACT
Indicators
Analysis of all indicators can be accessed athttp://nbep.org/the-state-of-our-watershed/technicalreport/
STRE
SSOR
S
PrecipitationTemperatureSea LevelPopulationLand UseImpervious CoverWastewater InfrastructureNutrient LoadingsLegacy ContaminantsEmerging Contaminants
BAY A
NDWA
TERS
HED
COND
ITION
SPU
BLIC
HEA
LTH
SaltmarshSeagrassOpen SpaceWater QualityDissolved OxygenChlorophyllWater ClarityFish CommunitiesBenthic Communities
Water QualityMarine BeachesShellfishing Areas
DATA AND METHODS: State-Assessed Waters for Aquatic Life Use(MassDEP 2014, RIDEM 2014). Calculated stream miles that are acceptable for fish and other wildlife and impacted by nutrient enrichment and/or depleted oxygen.LEGEND:
WATER QUALITY FOR RECREATION*
DATA AND METHODS: State-Assessed Waters for Recreational Use(MassDEP 2014, RIDEM 2014). Calculated stream miles that are suitable for recreational use and impacted by pathogens.LEGEND:
*Water quality for recreation is shown in the Worcester and Providence map sections.
ACCEPTABLE
IMPACTED BY PATHOGENSBY OTHER PARAMETERS
UNKNOWN
POINT JUDITH
SAKONNETPOINT
WOONASQUATUCKET RIVER
PALM
ERRIV
ER
FOREST AND WETLANDSAGRICULTURAL LANDSURBAN LANDS
LAND USE AND CHANGESDATA AND METHODS: National Land Cover Dataset (2001-2011); raster analysisLEGENDS:
LAND USE(2011)
URBAN GAIN FROM FOREST LOSTURBAN GAIN FROM OTHER LAND USESFOREST LOST TO OTHER LAND USES
LAND USECHANGE(2001-2011)
Sci tuate
Ass
awompsetPond
Reservoir
AREAS OF BUILDINGS SERVED BY ONSITESYSTEMS (SEPTIC SYSTEMS OR CESSPOOLS)
HIGHEST DENSITY OF BUILDINGS
LOWEST DENSITY OF BUILDINGSAREAS CONNECTEDTO SEWER SYSTEM
WASTEWATER INFRASTRUCTUREDATA AND METHODS: Buildings outside of sewered areas rely onseptic systems or cesspools. The heat map was produced using a Kernel Analysis to show high to low density of unsewered buildings.LEGENDS:
WestWarwick
Warwick
Warren
Quonset
SouthKingstown
Scarborough
Newport
GraftonUpton
Northbridge
Douglas
Uxbridge
MansfieldNorthAttleborough
The Narragansett Bay Estuary Program brought together more than 50 bi-state and regional partners to collaborate on its 2017 State of Narragansett Bay and its Watershed report. This map of the watershed and bay is partitioned to showcase relevant indicators in different geographic areas. Mapping watershed stressors and conditions in this way highlights drivers of change and localized variation throughout the landscape and bay.
The Narragansett Bay watershed is the land area that drains into the rivers and ultimately into the bay:
0 52.5Miles
0 105Kilometers
Data sources: National: USGS NLCD, US Census Bureau, USGS NHD, USGS NED, Regional: UMass Amherst, Eastern Brook Trout Joint Venture, State: MassDEP, MA EOEEA, RIDEM, RIDOH, MADPH, MassGIS, RIGIS, Other: All ocean depths were obtained from the NOS Hydrographic Survey Department; nutrient data for wastewater treatment facilities were obtained from Narragansett Bay Commission, US EPA, RIDEMDatum and Coordinate System: NAD83 UTM Zone 19NVertical datum: NAVD88Map/poster produced by Julia Twichell, Narragansett Bay Estuary Program
39% forested (2011)
37 wastewater treatment facilities (WWTFs)
discharge 5.6 million lbsnitrogen/year intothe bay (2013-15)
- 4%
- 55%
2001-2011
2000-2015
Open Space: 16% of the watershedis protected natural land41% of the watershed is unprotected natural land41% of unprotected natural land has high ecological integrity
62% of the population relies on WWTFs38% relies on tradtional septic systems, cesspools, or, in MA only, large onsite systems with varying levels of treatment
1.95 million people(2010) + 8%
1990-2010
Sprawl: 1-4 acres of developed land use per resident in the watershed
35% urban (2011) + 8.5%2001-2011
Impervious Cover: 14% of thewatershed is covered by buildings and other paved surfaces
(28 WWTFsresponsible for
decline)
DATA AND METHODS: Geospatial analysis of2000-2015 beach closure data (RIDOH, MADPH)
DATA AND METHODS: Data compiled from RIDEM, US EPA, Narragansett Bay Commission
LEGEND:
North to South gradient in bay water quality:The Estuary of Narragansett Bay
Fish populations have changed over time:
Freshwater QualityOf the 789 stream milesassessed for recreational use
Of the 832 stream milesassessed for aquatic life use
Climate Change is Here
Water Clarity andDissolved OxygenIncrease
ChorophyllDecreases
UNPROTECTED LANDS (IEI = 0.01)
UNPROTECTED LANDS (IEI = 1)HIGHEST ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY
LOWEST ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY
ACCEPTABLE
IMPACTEDBY EXCESS NUTRIENTSAND/OR BY LOW OXYGENBY OTHER PARAMETERS
UNKNOWN
Summer migrant fish(black sea bass, scup) are more prevalent
Colder-water fish(winter flounder)have declined
272 miles inacceptable condition
450 miles inacceptable condition
481 miles impactedby pathogens
132 miles impactedby nutrient enrichmentand/or depleted oxygen
SEWERED AREASDATA AND METHODS: Sewered Areas (MassDEP, RIDEM)LEGEND: AREAS CONNECTED
TO SEWER SYSTEM
Bay temperature+2.9°F (1.6°C)
Average annualprecipitation atProvidence, RI+0.4 inches per decade
Sea level atNewport, RItide gauge+9 inches 1960-
20151985-
present1930-2015
REDUCTION OF NITROGEN (N) LOADINGS [ 2000 - 2004 TO 2013 - 2015 ]`̀ N DECREASEDbaba NO CHANGE__ N INCREASEDg UNKNOWN
0% - 5%6% - 15%
> 16%
RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION (%) OFNITROGEN LOADINGS FROM WASTE-
WATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
1,705 square miles of hilly, flat, and coastal areas1.95 million people71 cities and towns in MA, and 34 in RI3,578 miles of streams and rivers196 square miles of estuary
IMPERVIOUS SURFACE
DATA AND METHODS: Raster analysis to mosaic bi-state impervious surfaces (MA: 2005, Res: 3.28'; RI: 2011, Res: 2')LEGEND: IMPERVIOUS COVER
KEY FINDINGS: Coastal and historically urbanized areas have thehighest impervious cover (over 20% of their subwatershed areas). Impervious cover includes roads, buildings, paved areas that people rely on as infrastructure.
KEY FINDINGS: Forests in theTaunton River Basin are beinglost to development as people move to these suburban areas.
KEY FINDINGS: Natural Lands can protect water quality. Large areas of land, ranging from low to high ecological integrity, remain unprotected in this region.
KEY FINDINGS: 21% of the Taunton River Basin region has been identified as having supported brook trout habitat. Much of this land is unprotected.
POPULATION CHANGEDATA AND METHODS: Land-use and temporal cross-walk:US Census Bureau: 1990; 2010 MA Land Use: 1985; 2005 RI Land Use: 1988; 2011Dasymetric Analysis was used to map where people live. Kernel Analysis was used to produce a heat map of population change.KEY FINDINGS: People are moving away from coastal and historically urbanized areas, towards more suburban and rural areas.
LEGEND:GREATEST GAIN - PEOPLE HAVE MOVED TO THESE AREAS
GREATEST DECLINE - PEOPLE HAVE MOVED AWAY FROM THESE AREAS
RELATIVELY SMALL GAIN OR DECLINE
KEY FINDINGS: Many buildings in the coastal areas, including the islands, still rely on septic systems to treat sewage or cesspools (not designed to treat sewage). High density areas of buildings can be hot spots of sewage contamination (pathogens, nutrients, etc).
KEY FINDINGS: 28 wastewatertreatment facilities are responsible for the 55% declinein nitrogen loading to the bay since 2000. The upper reaches of the estuary, including Green-wich Bay, Providence RiverEstuary, and Mount Hope Bayremain impacted by excess nutrients and/or by dissolved oxygen (not shown on this map).
NUTRIENT LOADINGS FROM WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES*
*Wastewater treatment facilities are located in multiple map frames using stacked symbols
KEY FINDINGS: 14 high concern beaches and 23low concern beaches are located in Narragansett Bay. Localized impacts vary throughout the bay. High concern beaches in the upper estuary have been more impacted by pathogen contamination compared with beaches in the lower bay.
KEY FINDINGS: Most (70%) of the state-assessed waters for aquatic life use in the Pawtuxet River Basin are in acceptable condition. Acceptable waters are located primarily in the upper reaches of the watershed and surrounded by high quality natural lands, both protected and unprotected.
KEY FINDINGS: The entire Blackstone River stem is impacted by pathogens.
KEY FINDINGS: The Upper Blackstone wastewater treat-ment plant serves 100% of the City of Worcester and areas of a number of surrounding towns. Smaller WWTFs serve areas along the Blackstone River and its tributaries.
*Beaches are located in multiple map frames
LEGEND:HIGH CONCERN (MORE CLOSURES,
MONITORED FREQUENTLY)LOW CONCERN (FEWER CLOSURES,
MONITORED INFREQUENTLY)
[m
[m
UNPROTECTED LANDS (IEI = 0.49)
HIGH QUALITY NATURAL LANDS
DATA AND METHODS: Natural lands CAPS (UMass Amherst); Open Space (MA EOEEA and RIDEM). Bi-State Cross-walk of Open Space; CAPS: Index of Ecological Integrity > Average (IEI = 0.49)LEGENDS:
UNPROTECTED LANDS (IEI = 1)
PROTECTED LANDS HIGHEST ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY
GOOD ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY
KEY FINDINGS: In the Pawtuxet River Basin, there is a threefold greater area of unprotected high quality natural lands than protected.
MASSACHUSETTS
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