03 Gaseous fuels (derived gaseous fuels)

96/02555 Determination of the coeff icient of air excess In theproduct of combustion and coal gasification in undergroundcond itionsYanchenko, G. A. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Gam. Zh., 1995, (2),78-81. (In Russian)

96/02554 Cost effect ive Integration of hydrogen In energysystems with CO2 constraintsOkken, P. A. et al., Int. J . Hydrogen Energy, 1995, 20, (12), 975-985.The integration of hydrogen in natural energy systems is illustrated in fourextreme scenarios, reflecting four technology mainstreams to reduce car­bon emissions.

Methanatlon of carbon dioxide over LaNi4X type96/02566catalystsAndo, H. et al., Energy Converso Mgmt ., Jun.-Sep. 1995, 36, (6), 653-656.The hydrogenation of carbon dioxide into methane proceeds over catalystswhose precursors are intermetallic compounds of LaNi,X (X =Ni, Cr, AI,Cu). Among them LaNis is significantly active at 250°C after several hoursof the reaction, while the activity at the initial stage is very low. During thereaction LaNis is decomposed to give metallic nickel, and methanationactivity is parallel to the amount of metallic nickel. The XPS analysis ofthe catalyst suggests the formation of new nickel species with a valenceclose to +I.

96/02564 Hydrogen prod uction using modular heliumreactorShenoy, A. S. and Tangirala, V. E. Proc. 30lh lntersoc. Energy Com'ers.Eng . Conf, 1995, 2, 271-274.The paper describes the hydrogen production using modular He reactor(MHR) for use as energy source. Produced using nuclear energy, hydrogencan replace many existing fossil fuels such as oil and coal, in providing aC<?1-free energy supply for many stationary and transportation uses. TheMHR system can also deliver the required electric energy and is unique inits capacity to supply high-temperature process heat for thermochemicalproduction of hydrogen.

96/02565 Intensification of gasif ication processes of carbo-naceous maler lalsSimonov, V. K. et al., lzv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Chern . Metall., 1995,(1), 8-10. (In Russian)Describes the steam and CO2 gasification of petroleum and brown-coalcokes and thermally-processed lignin.

gasif icationcoalHYCOLofDevelopment96/02556technologyMiyadera, H. et al., N ippon Enerugi Gakkaishi, 1995, 74, (8), 691-698.(In Japanese)Discusses HYCOL (H from coal) coal gasification technology, anddescribes the principle, characteristics, and operation in pilot plants.

96/02557 Developments In CO separationDutta, N. N. and Patil, G. S. Gas Sep. Purif , 1995, 9, (4), 277-283.The status of technological developments for the separation and purifica­tion of CO from industrial gas streams is discussed. The scope and pros­peers for adsorptive and membrane separation processes are highlighted.An assessment has been made of the most promising technology, which isdependent on feed gas type and process conditions.

96/02558 Effect of catalyst composit ion on decreasing ofCO2 and CO formation In synthesis of aromatic acidsKenigsberg, T. et al., Energy Converso Mgmt ., Jun.-Sep. 1995, 36, (6),677-680.The effect of the ratio [Mn(II)]/[Co(lI) + Mn(II)] on CO2 and CO forma­tion during the oxidation of methylbenzenes in acetic acid catalysed bycobalt (II) and manganese (II) acetates in the presence of bromide ions hasbeen studied. Using the isotopic method C'C) it has been estimated thedegree of decarboxylation and decarbonolation of hydrocarbons and aceticacid. The important pathway of the oxidative decomposition of CH3COOHis connected with the thermolysis of metal (Ill) acetate complexes. It ispossible to decrease the formation of CO2 and CO by addition of manga­nese into cobalt catalyst.

96/02567 Method and apparatus for two-way split-flow coalgasificationLiu, Y. et al., Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai ShuomingshuPat.CN.1,102,664, May 1995.

96/02568 Method for selective recovery of gas componentsin gases from coal pyrolysisUeno, I. et al., (Assigned to) Nippon Kokan KK, JAP. Pat. JP.07,228,872,Aug. 1995.The process is carried out by transporting coal through a pipe-type pyroly­sis apparatus with a plurality of pyrolysis zones with different temperaturesin a temperature gradient to recover desired gas components.

96/02559 Evaluation of methane pool In coal deposits of thePechlora river basinRazvarin, D. E. et al., Bezop . Tr. Prom-sti, 1995, (5), 11-12. (In Russian)

96/02560 The Hy-C process (thermal decomposition of natu­ral gas) potentially the lowest cost source of hydrogen with theleast CO2 emissionSteinberg, M. Energy Converso Mgmt ., Jun.-Sep. 1995,36 , (6), 791-796.The abundance of natural gas as a natural resource and its high hydrogencontent make it a prime feedstock candidate for a low COS! supply ofhydrogen. The thermal decomposition of natural gas by methane decompo­sition produces carbon and hydrogen. Conventional steam reforming ofnatural gas produces CO2 and hydrogen and requires more process energy.Methane decomposition produces the least amount of greenhouse gas CO2emissions per unit of hydrogen and can be totally eliminated when thecarbon produced is sequestered or sold as a material.

96/02561 Hydrogen and other alternative fuels for air andground transportationPohl, H. W. John Wiley & Sons, Baffins Lane, Chichester, West Sussex.UK, 1995, 206 pp.

96/02562 Hydrogen energy system : Production and uti liza-tion of hydrogen and future aspectsYurum, Y. (ed.) Kluwer Academic Publishe r Group, PO Box 322, 3300AH Dordrecht, The Netherlan ds, US$250.00, 1995, 352 pp .Proceedingsof the NATO Advanced Study Institute on 'Hydrogen energysystem: Utilization of hydrogenand future aspects' held Akcay, Turkey, 21August - 3 September 1994.

96/02569 A new concept to Increase recovery from H2 PSA:Processing different pressure feed streams in a single unitKumar, R. et ai., Gas Sep. Punf , 1995, 9, (4), 271-276.A new process concept is outlined to utilize low and high pressure feedstreams efficiently in a single pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process.The low pressure feed is processed first in the PSA unit to produce lowpressure product. Following this, the high pressure stream is processed inthe same unit. Low pressure generated in the first part of the process isused internally in the process to assist the production of high pressureproduct. Essentially 100% recovery of the high pressure product is possi­ble. This is achieved in a single unit without the need to store gas productduring the intermediate process steps. The process concept is demonstratedfor pure hydrogen production.

96/02570 Preparation of conversion catalyst having resis­tance to sulfur and carbon monoxide In petroleum or coal gasesTang, F. et al., (Assigned 10) China Petro-Chemi cals Corp., FamingZhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu CN. I ,096,494.The catalysts useful in steam reforming or partial oxidation of heavy resi­dues or coal gases containing sulphur and CO in fuel gas manufacturingcomprise CoO, rare earth oxides, Ti0 2 MgO, and AI20,. The catalysts areprepared by mixing MgO slurry with a water-soluble AI salt, precipitatingwith NH,OH solution pH 7-12, filtering the precipitates and washing, dis­persing the dried precipitates into an aqueous solution to form a gel, dryingand milling to give powder, adding TiOz into the powder, extruding themixture, pelletizing, drying, and then cakin g at approximately 500°.

96/02571 Pressure drop in underground gas generator Ingasification of coal bedBlinderman, M. S. et al., l zv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zav ed., Gam. l iz, 1995,(1), 1-5. (In Russian)Describes a modelling study of pressure drop in components of a gasgenerator which consisted of a blowing well, a channel in the coal depositand a gas outlet well.

96/02563 The hydrogen option for energy: A review of tech-nical, environmental and economic aspectsNicoletti, G. Inl. J . Hydrogen Energy, 1995,20, (10), 759-765.The author tries to contribute to the 'case' of hydrogen, as a wholly non­polluting fuel and an acceptably reliable one. The article is divided intofive parts.

96/02572 Prospects and potential use of coals forgasificationSlouka, P. Uhli -Rudy-Geol. Pruzku m., 1995, 2, (6), 174-176. (In Czech)Discusses coal gasification in a moving bed, coal gasification in a fluidizedbed, and gasification of coal dust in a burner.

182 Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1996