7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
1/40
329
I I p g gg hakke , I p , g pp q Jp x g . M g g p g p gg . T g, bg , b Jp g E p.T q p g b g p g p b g (g) pp g xp / . I p- hakke-uranai, b g b . F, I g , , , .
keywords: hakke-uranaip g gpp g
M Hayek p Dp O Lgg Cz (lcao) b crcao, umr 8155, P D U.
Japanese Journal o Religious Studies 38/2: 329368 2011 Nz I Rg C
M Hayek
T Eg g T Cg
A Iq Jp E M D
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
2/40
330
Divination (uranai, bokusen) Jp - q p C g manteia. b p, g Blacker (1975 ) b -z () ( , p p- ), b b z . P
W , Severini (1874), b Aston (1908) , bj, b , F B Frank (1998) p p p Jp g g b- p H .
E Jp, , I p-b g p g p g g g/b b Jp. Ag b b - g p p g (Hayashi 2006), p pq.
E g Jp z C- g, g p ( ) - b p b Jp, bx . G g b, () g, (Zeitlyn 2001), b b g Jp p, p pp pp g , , .
1. T p p g - pg b b g Kalinowski 2003. H, g ///fp , b g p . C Yi jing-bed dvt (emy) que pe-ety t beg t t btg e t exgm, e by e tgm
by tgm, by eptg t dm p y t, d ubttg t eve tme
ut megu umbe eed. A emegy, t y d dvt tgtemp pmete, u ye, mt, dy, u, y mbt tee t pmy
vbe t deteme ete e te te upu te gve dte egdg v-
u tvte.
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
3/40
hayek: aanese early modern divination | 331
T prc ht th rtc ttmpt, b pg prtcr ttt t
pcr dvt mthd vvg dvtr gr cmm
th ght trgrm (Jp. hakka r hakke, Ch. bagua). Frt, I dcrb th
tchq, ptg t t mprtc r mdr Jp, br gvg
br vrv t rg, chrctrtc, d md d. T I
cdr vdc t rm th xtth t th ttth ctr, prtr-
g t r b qtg ttm rm ctmpr rc. F, I
h prt ht th mchc d trctr th mthd rv bt th
prccpt d rprtt th ct th dvr.
Prologue: What is a trigram?
B gg E-p g g g, I p gg g g, p q.
T g hakke-uranai g g p g I .
I, g Nihon kokugo daijiten, hakke p C
, Book o Changes, Yi jing(Jp. Ekiky
), Changeso the Zhou, Zhouyi (Jp. Sheki):
I x Changes, g p - gg (b) g (p) .
T b, b p g 700 ce g Z (Suuki 1963, 15), b q g g b (). T , p b
p, g p . B - g, g, x- g, xg, gua(Jp. ka, ke). T b p (, g) b (, ), bg b b . M-, pg b, p g g g p . T, p , gua g g p, b -p b g p Book o Changes xg.
H, b p p, Yi jing, bagua g
, b p p. T p b x p bgg C ( - g b C ), p
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
4/40
332 | Japanese Journal o Religious Studies 38/2 (2011)
g C,g B D.
T, g p g p
g b g g p, g (), Sp U (j, Jp. tai-kyoku). A , p b b xp .
T g p b Book oChanges: g xg b bz , g g xp pg p.
H, g z g - b H (202 ce220 ce) C Jg Fg (7737 ce), g g b , p, b, , p (Suuki 1963). F , b q g , b g p. C , b(b /) bj b
p, g b x bg bj ( xp, b , , ) b pg. A ,
diaram 1. F g.
g
Sp U
g g g g
R S KS G KDK
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
5/40
hayek: aanese early modern divination | 333
iure 1. Hakke-bon, (Sb, K Gj U).
iure 2. Hakke, 1708 b Seish(Cg F, ihe).
pz g g, q b g p b . T hakke-uranai Jpp p g q, b.
Looking or the rigrams in Early Modern Japan
Gg b hakke Nihon kokugo daijiten, p g: (b Changes).Hakke-mi, . g g. D.
W b , g E p, hakke-mi g () q.E g b b - , Yi jing-b fg (, xp, b),
p q b hakke-mi b . T g pb g hakke - x. T Nippo jisho (tsuka 1998),
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
6/40
334 | Japanese Journal o Religious Studies 38/2 (2011)
Npp-Pg pb b J Ng 1603, g :
Facqe: A p b g (astrlogo). Facqeo miru: b p pp. (tsuka 1998, 150)
F p , 1600 hakke p g Yi jing, b b b . M, p , b (orihon), g gg b.
H, p bg. Bg g UnionCatalogue o Early Japanese Books, b bghakke p b 1611 E p.W g g, g b b g, hakke-bon.
ooks o trirams: tye, content, and evolution
dt, cdmc rtc h trd t hd ght th b trgrm:
th Masuko Mr (2006) br prtt thr gb trctr, hch
gv vb bbgrphc rmt. St, M td rm cm-
pt, d d t cr xp th rg d trrmt th b.
Trr, hvg dd hakke-bon, I h trt vr hpth rgrd-
g thr rg, d gv vrv thr dvpmt d chvmt.
Hakke b p. F, gp b, orihon, p, pbg 1611. Ag , b b J , g
pb b , pbb p, b 1611. T b , pg b g, b p. S, .1660, b b g b q, xp g p b.T g, q , p p hakke . F, , p pp, g x
p b g p g, pg (nins) , g q. T xg bb , g
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
7/40
hayek: aanese early modern divination | 335
, , g b p, p p p - pb. A , g g b , N-C, b b g kshgaku, I pg g , , g, . Tg , q px, g , p, p, g, b b b -g p .
early olded ooks and the core techniueA , b , g b b b - : p. T gq-p g, q , -g g p . E g B b , g g p p , , b, , g, . T , zettai (-pg b), zetsumei (pg ), kagai (), seike(b ),ukutoku ( ),ynen ( ),ykon ( ), teni ( ) p : , pg p b. T, g b p g p. T g p b I j b, b p g .
T q g g g/-
p b . M b bg b pg b b . F bp b ,gen, g p x ( p x ), p- g , gen, p, , . S, b g , natchin, x b b. T p p (, , , , ) p p g g
b. Ag p, x p, b (. p) g, tke, bq pg g, b . F ,
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
8/40
F
5
A
3
S
8
g 3 4 5 p 6 7
B
4
S (Ri)
H
2
2 bb 8
D
7
Cpg b
6
Cpg
1
g 1 x 12 11 b 10 g 9
diaram 2
H
5
S
3
A
8
g 3 4 5 p 6 7
D
4
D (Kon)
F
2
2 bb 8
B 7
Cpg
6
Cpg b
1
g 1 x 12 11 b 10 g 9
diaram 3
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
9/40
S
5
H
3
F
8
g 3 4 5 p 6 7
Cpg
4
F (Da)
A
2
2 bb 8
Cpg b
7
D6
B
1
g 1 x 12 11 b 10 g 9
diaram 4
D5
Cpg
3
Cpg b
8
g 3 4 5 p 6 7
H
4
A (Ken)
B
2
2 bb 8
F
7
S
6
A
1
g 1 x 12 11 b 10 g 9
diaram 5
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
10/40
B
5
Cpg b
3
Cpg
8
g 3 4 5 p 6 7
F4
Sj K (Kan)
D2
2 bb 8
H
7
A
6
S
1
g 1 x 12 11 b 10 g 9
diaram 6
Cpg
5
D
3
B
8
g 3 4 5 p 6 7
S
4
Kz (Gon)
Cpg b
2
2 bb 8
A
7
H
6
F1
g 1 x 12 11 b 10 g 9
diaram 7
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
11/40
Cpg b
5
B
3
D
8
g 3 4 5 p 6 7
A
4
Mj (Shin)
Cpg
2
2 bb 8
S 7
F6
H
1
g 1 x 12 11 b 10 g 9
diaram 8
A
5
F
3
H
g 3 4 5 p 6 7
Cpg b4
Fg (Son)
S 2
2 bb 8
Cpg
7
B
6
D1
g 1 x 12 11 b 10 g 9
diaram 9
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
12/40
340 | Japanese Journal o Religious Studies 38/2 (2011)
p p. T b g g ( b ) p - g . Dpg p , p p , b , g g b / p g. I ct, th th mthd th ddb xp, thgh mcrpt tt pt trd thr pb .
T thr mthd, hch bcm vb t th pbc th cd-grb, rthr drt, t g mbr t vr bjct dvt( g, xp g, p, ) x- b . U, p
b b b . Tq p g p -g b, g . I x p p .
I , hakke-bon p p g . p g - p , pg pp -q pp pb. W ,jni-un, b
g g. T g g b . T ,kuysh, , , p (M, V, M-, Jp, S), x p p, Rg K. I b g, b g p p. T g , p- - E p, b g 28 (27) g .
2. T p g I g p Jp g B p Sukuy-gy (reatise o the lodges andluminaries), p Agj (Jp. F ) det. Tey be ptted vu gp mte deptg Buddt t dete u t md, e
beg dedu ppee. Due t te e t betee Buddt tgy d
ut onmyd e te begg te He ped, tey ee pted
t onmyji emeg pte, evetuy bemg ted t te dete
Cee g (tug u t mgt e ve bee edy etbed C,
bee mg t Jp). Led t te epe d te met, tey e Wete
tgy te Dg ed d t, Cput d Cd D. O Buddt tgy ee
Yano 1986.
3. T 28 (27) g (S. nakatra) b 28 C (g b C ), p Ig. B, z ( p) 28 g g. T
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
13/40
hayek: aanese early modern divination | 341
A , p b, pp bgg E. H, ( b g b b g b,
g xp , qg ), gp q g . F, b , I b b p, pbb g x . W b g p b, p xp g p- p hakke-bon g.
I p b g p b xg b, bzg , - b p,
p b. T :T -g g g: , Nine Palacesreatise bg b Kb S A, H Ep , K- [g -] , bp . I 61,672 b 1, g -, J Jp.
iure 3. Hakke, 1708.Dg bp () g (g). (N DLb)
27, ppx g g g, b g, Abj, Ox g S-Jp (gysuku), (hisuku), p.
4. Ag pp , -b Kb Mb (695775), g bg -g x g C.
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
14/40
342 | Japanese Journal o Religious Studies 38/2 (2011)
T p p 180 . Apg pp xp g, x p. T p J 3, -b[1023], , Mj 1, g - [1024], p p.I K 3, -pg [1203], p . Ag , p p p g -, p p g -, p p g -, . I K 3 [1443], p p , B 1 [1444], p . I B 3 [1503], E 1, g -, p.
I , xp bp . W , I - . T p bb, g g , xp, g b b g , g. M b, S. L, -pg ( p), kuysh, ,jni-un, - g p b, p b, , bj b
. M, g g p g , g -, daiyaku, b orihon.
Fm tee ue, e edy me e eduted guee but te
g te debed metd. Ft, g t te t betee ex-
gm d mt, te ymbt tee tt e tet H dv-
t mmedtey me t md. Te u te Yi jing gue t bde
g eeu edy ey etbed te tugt Jg Fg (Shin
2002, 10217). Futeme, t peu mbt, t epeet
te ee d deee te y d yg dug te ye, be ud X J Wuxing taiyi (Jp. Gogy taigi) (Cmpedum
5. T bp, sangen, p, kyg. S Kalinowski 1985, 774811.
6. Tee teve dut epeet te ye te ve pe dg t te mt.Tey e upped t fuee te dety e dvdu, depedg te tem
bt ye, d tu te ue um e. We ve, de, te emby, tai,
utt,y, bt d gt, ch(sei)(), put, moku(yoku)(), mtuty,
kan(tai)
(
), tg pt, rin(kan)
(
), eg, tei()
(
), dequeee, sui
,e, by, det, shi, tmb, bo, d expt/mt te bet, zetsu
(betee te petee, I ve ed te g uuy ud hakke b dg t
te Wuxing taiyi).
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
15/40
hayek: aanese early modern divination | 343
ytem peey vvg mg que et t te ed u-
t mt dety, te Gd Oe, y (Kalinowski 1985). Yt, v-
r drc prcd th mpt tht thr drct rt bt
th t mthd. T bprd, mt tcb, thgh th r mht
dcrbd th Wuxing taiyi, r t vvd th dtrmt th rbd-
d trgrm. Mrvr, v th Gogy taigi v mtc ct, t
iure 4. b 12 b b Hakke-bon (IR C Jp S [ircs], p)
1708 Seish (b).
7. Ag C ( aihry), onmyry g p, (), pp (Frank1998).
te ve pe) (Kalinowski
1991, 93, 23637). T
te g ped e vg bee tdued
Jp g t te Cee
bueuy, d gy
egded by te pet te
Dvt Bue.e -et betee te Wuxing
taiyi d te hakke-bon d t
ed tee: X J b
t vu eemet tte ete t te mu
d tt ee, meve, eg-
edy te ue dvty
pte dug te He
Ped. e metd te
ttbuted tgm, te,
gety eembe te u-
t mde by ut dve t
deteme te u tgmbdde dvdu,
hakke no imi (Frank
1998, 88, 118). I etu, t
pte ey bed te
Wuxing taiyi. Wt me,
t b dety qute te
Kyg-ky, te tete
ted te tduty pt
te tgm b. T ttext eem t ve peeted
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
16/40
iure 5. Shinsen iny hakke narabini sh, 1667, b (Cg F, ihe).
iure 6. Shinsen iny hakke narabini sh, 1667, .
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
17/40
iure 7. Shingon himitsu hakke kuden, Hiashi 1693. M-p, g b p (Cg F, ihe).
iure 8. Daikyaku shinsen hakke-sh genkai, 1718, Ri g xp (ircs).
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
18/40
346 | Japanese Journal o Religious Studies 38/2 (2011)
rr t t r thr, t t ght. Hvr, vr g mcrpt d
th Dhg cv d cd dvt tchq vr mr t ht c
b th hakke b, mt tcb cd trr th
ght trgrm, bagua younian (th bprd d mtc ct),
bt th m tr, r dg, r tv cdct. I prtcr,
trt mdc hmrg br m cmm pt th th m
mcrpt, tb th cct th grt mrt (Kalinowski 2003,
502). hrr, m pp tht ch cmpt r trmttd t
Jp t m pt, d rvd b t ht bcm hakke-bon.
T dd b thmv gv m ght rgrdg th rg
thr ctt, pc ht th d t hr cmm th th m-
crpt th Nt Obrvtr. Tr r mr th t drt b th tp tht hv md thr t , prrvd vr Jp d
Erp brr. T dt, Hakke zue (1611), prt mtchd
pcct: t db ch dgrm th trtd mgc qr. Tgh th
xct mg th pctr h t t b vd, t pb t d m
rddc ptg t gc ct bt th dpct d ch
mtc ct. Amg th thr b th tp, ttd hakke bon,
r hakke sho, c b prc dtd, bt mt thm r vr mr
t th Onmy hakke no h (1628), hch prmd t b th dt
xt t th Hakke zue. Hvr, tr dt h vr drc, cdg dgrm d c m mr tr. Ccrg thr rc, p
xmt c tht th hv r h pg th Sangoku sden
onmy kankatsu hoki naiden kinu gyokuto-sh
( Nakamura 2000), brdgd Hoki naiden, trc cmp-t hmrgc dg, cdg mt rm bth th cr d
th mtc (Bddht) mtc trdt ( p Kj Dg ). F, b
8. F xp, p pp g g zetsumei -, kagai .
9. Ig, (1708) p g z ( b) q ( p b p b p ). S g b p f p b bgg g .
10. Rgg Hoki naiden, b b -p. U p Ab S pp , b Y K, E B . A , Hoki naiden b z g xp g b
g p gz : p x b b b Gz , Y , gg g g g K , . SNakamura 2000, 237330; Sait 2007, 14097.
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
19/40
hayek: aanese early modern divination | 347
g Sg , Yanqin doushu sanshixiang-shu (Jp.Enkin tos sanzes-sho) , p g b (Masuko 2006, 5255).Trr, th rhakke-bon hpprd rt ttmpt t xtrcz pcr d mtc dg
tht pd rm Ch t Jp br g dr crt trm drg
th Mdd Ag. T rv p tchq h m m-
g t dtrm th tcm d mtr cmpg, h dd-
g mr ppr dvc cd dvd t. Tgh r m r
dvd brt, th d t gv d rt ctd th
th dgrm, r xpt bt th m th mthd, d m thm
cd tt prgrg th td rt tr b. I ct, gv thr
rmt d ctt, th c b chrctrzd t d t thght thtmr dtd gd xpg dvtr mthd crctd mg th r
mcrpt rm.
the irst manuals: unveilin the techniue
A g hakke pp , Kb . C b, b b bg hakke -
g. R, p . A , pp b g b, pg xp orihon b g. T Shin-sen iny hakke narabini sh , pb 1667, p- xp p b: g p hakke , . B , pb g xg b xp, pg p- b (tchbon). T g b p p pg,
11. Ag Kalinowski (2003, 231), z b Dg p, g b pp.
12. A p ry hakke kikigaki hiden-sh - H M (K b ) gd xmp. Athr , ppddtg rm 1668 (Kb 8), c b d d brdr shugen m d byama-
bushi Echg prvc. S Miyake Hth 2007, 16391. Wht mr, mcrpt m
t vm rm 1693, Shingon himitsu hakke kuden , b B- Hiashi R (1693), crvd t th Bbthq d Cg dFrc (Ittt d ht td jp). Fr th mt prt, t dpct th ctt th
r prtd m, th Shinsen iny hakke narabini sh. Jdgg rm tht b, c tht th m d dg crctd mcrpt d prtd rm t th m tm, t-
mt dg t rmz th tchq. T m c b d bt 1708 vr th dd
b crvd t th m pc: t hv ttd th xcrpt rm p g.
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
20/40
348 | Japanese Journal o Religious Studies 38/2 (2011)
pp p xpg g x, gg , , .
Pr m r hbrd, th b tr t rt, h prgrv
cttg t thr mt, mt th trgc ( th tt-v
r dg). Tgh th brd zdc vr t b th b, th r
t d m h t Ch mc. b mr prc, h t
dct t jdg hch gr fcd th thr, bd hakke b hr m
mrt th th Jp vr Sanses. T, th bddh d bdht-
tv ctd hch ch trgrm r mtm grphc dpctd,
tr tht c b d Sanses. Sm m v dd Jp dt
crrpdg t th bddh, th vrt rm dt t dt, ch
th Daikyaku shinsen hakke-sh genkai (1718). A ppdt th dd b, mt th tm m t b trgtd t dc -
cmr, tht , pp h d t rd th tchq r p cm-
pmtr gdb. St, r ttd m bc rt th t
trctr th rt hakke-bon, gvg prctc drctv d t rt.
I tht , thgh th rprt tp rthr th xtrczt prc
mtc dg, th thr pt thr ctt prpctv r cr d-
c thr rc. Dgd t b d cmbt th th dd b,
th c b d t ct t d mdv v dvt.
comendia o the eiht trirams:transmission o knowlede, authorshi, and critical thinkin
d geet b te teetg ge, bt tem md tet. Te evut be ummed up by ptg t tee m
etue: eemet te e metd, bde petum teque,
d tedey t me d me te peee te ut/m-
pe. Su evut t be beved te em Cu-
p d tetue ud te me ped, t te emegee te d ut e Kb Ee (16301714) I S-
u (16421693). Ag t te exp mme ptg,
u ut beg etg te peee te b, tt pube,
g tey ud be be t ee te e te me e, ee
g tem e (Kornicki 1998, 22730). Regdg te dv-
t mu, te t t e etue tbute t gt ugmet-
t vume, d te td mped by ee t tttude.
Sg Kokon hakke taizen (1671), th m
t mr brt th th rg ctt th prt thmv ct r cmpt. T, t d th drp th trdt trdc-
t vr mr dtd, t ccrt, dpct th trm
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
21/40
hayek: aanese early modern divination | 349
dvtr dg Jp, bt th cm t rr t prc dt-
d rc. T cmpct th m mthd r (r)tgrt
th rg prprt th trgrm, t b cmbd rdr t rm Yi Jing
xt-r hxgrm. T rt ctd th ch mtc ct r ch
dgrm r th dr rm th hxgrm btd b cmbg th ctr
trgrm t th prphr . T prcdr rt drmtc gm-
tt z, c xtrm c, ch th Hakke (mokuroku) ketteish() (Chiin 1697), g q .
A xp, b b, pbb b q , xp, p
xp q b q b p. Ag Kokon hakke taizenp b, Wakkan hakke shosh taisei (Okamura 1695) Hakke ketteish g g p . I , b kas (p pp ), I g-, g, han hanji ( p ), g b Sg- S Yg (10121077). T, g
g g p. I g, Wakan hakke p , - , g hakke b p , Hokinaiden, g C x z, Sg-p b M pg , b Cg b- (C ), g .
B xpg , p b gz, bg . M , g. F , p Kokon hakke taizen, pb B b, jggb p , xp g g g Sg ,b , g -, g b bgg b, gg xp. S, p Hakke ketteish,
13. T p, Okamura K (1695), g
, g ( xp, Honch ruidai hakke shosh
[B g ]). Ag gz x p M pg,Mai nins-h, p p q g E p. S Oawa 1996.
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
22/40
350 | Japanese Journal o Religious Studies 38/2 (2011)
B , b g b g, p bg. L Wakan hakke p b pp z Cx p gg (g kana b) p bg. C- p, , b - g g p g . T z Bb Nb (?1715), - p (Hayek 2008). Dg , pb b,
, b ppz C , . Baa bg p hakke-bon g, Sheki hakke zsh shsei (1698) shen hakke shinan-sho (1703), bg xp . I g, Bb pp p , gg xp p bg, hatsugaku.T g g b, xz g g gz -
z g, pg b, z . I g, f gb g- . F , pb q g p. T Shika shichiron, p 1703 b A (16591716), p -, Oz R (17231801) Furuno nakamichi (Groue Koten 2009, 2627, 64). A , () g g g g p -
g C - P-p bg g b - Jp .
Early Modern Diviners
Hg g b - E Jp, I x x , p g b, pJp. S g p pb, b pb
q g- p b . H, - b g p , p.
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
23/40
hayek: aanese early modern divination | 351
a kyen soothsayer
T I b b pg hakke-
g Kg Igui/. I , sanoki, g g xp g p. I p b , b p - p, , b b g .
T p , g Kg , Iz , x Sg . T
b ( xbgg ) Iz, Sg . A
, p , p . g b p: , Ig, g
p ( , teishu). H, p b . E , p- p . A g p K p Kz, Ig g p b. H g, jb xp p, pp. Q , - pp p b pzz p
.
D: F-g , -g , g P: A ! H ! F g , I g g g.D: I g P: D!D: A g ?P: I, I . P , I -.D: S, ?P: Sg I .D: A ?P: J .D: X , X , X . an, ChKen, Ro, Gin, Nan, Ba,Haku, D, Shitsu, Shi, K, En. P, Rg, A, D, D,Agg. I g ?P: W, , . H g !
14. S tsuka 2006, 43643; Yoshida 1959, 327; Sg , Yoshikawa Nonomura 1956, 14251.
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
24/40
352 | Japanese Journal o Religious Studies 38/2 (2011)
[T p b g ]
D: Sg , g: -, x-g, , -g,
-g, , -b, g-b, . M g , g . B b p, p , . H, g . (tsuka 2006, 43839)
T x , g g - sanoki p g hakke . Nevetee, I pt ut tt te dvt pe tt t pee dte (peme
te py ue te uet dte), d eem t vve vu eemet eted
t te ve pe. Te tem eg, te, d ee t ye
te pe te ye, be ee te Gogy taigi e te
Cee ue, d ee eptedy ued dug te He ped bp-
tte bdde, s. E, b jianchu , pg p b . T p pg pb sanoki b p Hoki naiden, R p Wakan sansai zue ( p Jp C p g). Ag
, p g g . F b g pg , g p, g - (erashima 1713?, . 5, 12 ). T p , , b g. b Hoki naiden, g, b Dg p g g
15. s p ( p) g . T gg s g H p, b Wuxing taiyi. C onmyd p p , (g) s () , g g g g (Frank, 1998, 21641). H, b p s , p. T , g (), gg r (), , qiu (Jp. sh), , si (Jp. shi) , , xiang(Jp. s) , g g , , , pp.
16. T -jianchu (Jp. kenjo) , , b Jp-
b, ,jnichoku
. I , b Bg Dpp. I p b pp p b g . T g p p (, p, ).
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
25/40
hayek: aanese early modern divination | 353
(Kalinowski 2003, 235). T gg b sanoki b. M g, Iz Sg g - : ynen,ykon, zettai, , , - b hakke b. M, Iz x,
g bj p, p , , p pg -. Upg, bj hakke, g g, q b- b. F, Sg g bpg g sanoki b g da, Dajdan (p pp p): g -g b hakke b.
T, , g p g g - b p, p- p g b , sanoki p g g .
I hv rd tdd th tr d chrctrtc th t mdv
dvr thr rtc, d th cc c b mmd p : 1. th
rg th sanoki c b trcd bc t dvr th Kmr prd, p-
czd th cct (sand); 2. th r ppr trt dvr,
thgh m thm m hv hd prpr td bg ct, Kt; d 3.
thr m dvtr mthd mthd hakke uranai, g dd cdr- trgrm b, g th m d gd (Hayek 2010, 2022).
I sanoki p gz , b g. R tengu p ,yamabushi, p g g- p g . T g p B p, b g -. I p pgg g b,
, g B (Sp, b, ). E x onmyd, Hoki naiden, B- p. T, b sanoki b
17. A g p b p M p, Kumano honji emaki, K jj O. I , K Lie oShaka, p p p b
b ( b K). Ag b x , ssha snin , p g . A b, q b b Ig , , hakke b.
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
26/40
354 | Japanese Journal o Religious Studies 38/2 (2011)
g yamabushi Ab S (921?1005), H p.
monks or riests the elusive status o enroku diviners
rcg th ccrrc sanoki d t vdc tht r Ed dvr
r dd g trgrm b. TJinrin kinm zui, p
th d th vtth ctr, prt th trm m r dvr,
uranai-shi.
T p, g b -g g G , , p pg Jinrin kinm zui p g b
b I g b. I p, , , . g p f, g Igui.I p b g pg (Jin-rin kinm zui 1990, 118). T b rokuj-zu, g x, hakke g, shakuto-h no zu, g b- p q p g .T p. F, G - B . S, g b p pbbhakke b.
Bb Nbt prvd trtg ttmt rgrdg th dtt hakke
dvr. Ar ttmptg t md th ght trgrm dvt, Shosetsu ben-
dan (h zuihitsu) h crtcz th h m dcrmt
th mtc tchq. Hvg ttd tht Prt (miko) d prt (kan-
nushi) d th ght trgrm, th m tr, d th tv
cdct t t th c r th c pp, h pt t thr c
dg th prcp th Chg (Baa 1978, 48).Bb hakke S p p,
b hakke, , . T, jgg b , sanoki Igui b Bb, b hakke b g p bg ggp, g B B- .
H, jgg b p Jinrin kinm zui, g, g,
b . T, g g g , g E p.
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
27/40
hayek: aanese early modern divination | 355
W K Nb (17831856), zuihitsu Kiyshoran , Jinrin kunm zui p, p - (Kitamura 1979, 35051), p b , b , g b, E .
Dd th hakke uranai d tr th 1750? It prbb dd, rb
ctxt, hr t prgrv rpcd b r g shineki (
mrc Yi Jing-bd mthd ttrbtd t Sh Yg), daneki ( hx-
grm-bd mthd mphzg mr th crrtv prprt rthr th
Yi jingt), d tr b rr-t tchq (r)crtd b Jp
thr, ch Hrz Zt (16971780) d Ar Hg
(17151792). T vt cgrt th ht c b brvd m. AM h rd h, hakke b bcm mr d mr rmc r
th mdd th ghtth ctr (Masuko 2006). Mrvr, th th (r)
trdct th tr (kysei) tchq v dmgm b
bd th Qg cmptXieji bianfang shu (Jp. Kyki benh-sho)
, hakke dvt drv t th vrg xtct, r mt (Hayek
2010b). T tr tchq vr c t trr th ght tr-
grm, d bth c b cxtg Dhg mcrpt (Kalinowski
2003, 26981). Hvr, Qg rthdx mg rgt bt th ct r-
t, t dcrd th hakke dvt t b rct dgrdt th tr
mthd d trd t mrg th t tchq. T jdgmt t tht
cqc th tt Jp.
N, jgg p q ppg onmyji( b ) b- (Hayashi 1987; 1994), p E , g, g hakke-bon 1770, gg , bg . N
Yg K b b pg- pp, g pp (Yanaita 1930) g p bgg . I b , , p p 1928 pp b g g p Izanagi-ry K , g Mj p E dmgm.
18. I xp g P K Kz (ircs) g g .
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
28/40
356 | Japanese Journal o Religious Studies 38/2 (2011)
Te Early-Modern World View as seen through Divination
Hg p hakke b
, I b E b p . A I p p , g g E p pb p.
A , (mokurokusan) q b xg b b b p . E g g g g b, bj. P , , p b. F, b g
, pg b . T, b b b, b gg p g pg b g. Sb-q p b , px , pp b g g , p . T - p x- pb b g, xg. T x .
T b p , p, -g p b , bj, b p pp g b.
E xp x b C- x g pp q .T b bg hakke b G p g p b g. T, Hakke ketteish p g g g: (kanroku ), p (shippei/shitsuby ), b (usai), - (kenzoku), b (jsho), (koz),
(onteki), g (jumy). B C- p Jp. T g b b, b b b - q: g (mimono), g (kikigoto), bg (emono), p (machibito, - b p pp, p tainaimachibito), g g (keji), g (usemono, g, hashirimono), p- g (negaigoto), (kadoide), (baibai), jg (kujizata
), (yume). Tg g x g b E p, b b , , g p .
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
29/40
hayek: aanese early modern divination | 357
W b , g p - . Up g , b p. C, b, C , p- p, , , , , b xp b b. I q, g b g : =6, x-g=7, bb=4, g-=5, =3, p-=8, =2, g-b=1.
A b bj, nimokuroku, b . Hg b b,
b g g g. T b b p . T -pg . O , p , b p g , xp, g b jg. p , I b .
L G 11 (1698), -g. A --- ( g , kazoedoshi),
b g g (b g g). F, b g, tke. Bg - , b Kb 7 (1667), -p. He teee begt te upe md d t gup ed to. We te e te dgm
te bed pt. It dte tt e ud tt m te Ri tgm,
d ut utee e ppg utg te eve tgm
dg t te ue. I , b Ri tke p.B, g gp x ( ), g
19. A pp , g hakkeb, /b, qp , shimokuroku.
20. I , b, g , g b .
21. T ppg jpg g, koyuru-odoru , p g g pg g bp x, p (tobikoyuru) 8 g, jp ( , odoru) 41, p 48, jp 81, p 88, jp 101. T g
. F xp, gg p b bg p b g 10 g, . F , g Ri g, p Son, 10 Shin, p Gon, 20 Kan , , jpg .
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
30/40
358 | Japanese Journal o Religious Studies 38/2 (2011)
( ). Nx, p ( ) b :
I , 5, b pg g.T g g b 3. B g
, b 8. S b, pp g ppb . IRi - g, g p b g Kon, ykon, . H g b Baa (1698): B(honzon), g , , b, qp, gg g , g b , . g b , g ()
( ). S g , - p. E b, ( g g) . O , p b pg p, p g p.
A g b , b p b p g g p p q, b g . S p
b, b b b . T b bg g . F, g b , g b , g g b xp , g . M, g hakke b xp xp .
A , pbb pp- E :
gg (, q, , ), -q g xp xp (g ,, b xg, , ), b
22. T b 3 g g q C Jp -g. T Jp g 3 mi(tsu), , mi(ru), -. T px Jp p hakke . T p g Jp ,
, b g p . Sg g, p Jp gg, b b . Hp b, , ( bg b b 4, shi, , shi).
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
31/40
hayek: aanese early modern divination | 359
g p b g -g ( g, bb, xp p, p f, ). A g g pp. T, pp g - p p p-. O g bj , b b g xp p: xp, g p ppp b H p (Hayek 2005).
W , b , p p -
p . T p xp p g, H pp pp (omikuji). A pp C bj, xingren (p gg), Jp machibito, b, Pp xpg U , pp b p.
N, gg bj b p (, p), xp g g. S
p b pp q: , p; , x- b (, bj, ). T b g ( b), p b , p p b b pxg . A p p .
T E g p
b, p , xp p- . I, , bg bj . Sme mu mpy vd udg dee mg te tem ted eut, e te gve up t x pmete t t ut
23. T pp g gp/p K Kz g ijin Jp . T ijin, b , g gp p , g g b pg .
T machibito f ijin: gp ijin , g g g g, p p . H, pp b, - x g (Komatsu 1995).
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
32/40
360 | Japanese Journal o Religious Studies 38/2 (2011)
e, ey te ede t me te pppte vet (tt
, t b- ) b g . T, g g b p (/) p p , g b p .
A , I d tht prdtrmd rt thmv xpr rm
tmzd thg, r th rt t ctgrzt th phm
rd, d rm rt thg: v th rt r prdtrmd,
th rt bt thm d thr c, r xmp rg dt trrmd
d cdd thrgh mtc prmtr d ct, rgzd
rm. I tht rgrd, c tr t d m rt mmtr bt th
tmtc chrctr th rthp d th c rgzt th Edprd. I th hgh hrrchzd d rtv ttc Ed ct, th ctr
pr (th bakufu) trg t ctgrz pp rgd d ctrb
cct, th ct th dvr r g tmzd rt c-
qc, th th m c vtb prdcg th m ct.
Conclusion: Divination, Belies, Superstitions, and Teir Sociocultural Context
D, b b b, g b . I b , I g g , g , p q. Hakke , I b, bg E p ( ). I pp b - q, bg Hz Z A Hg, bb, C , .O g , b ppz, b , b b -p (setsuy-sh, chhki) (zassho)
(Hayashi Koike 2002, 19394).Ag E p, f ppb g p Jp. T xp g xb , zettai zetsumei, , g , hakke-bon. T xp- honkegaeri, x p , kanreki(, p p). Honke g g, ,
b g b .Hvr, th xct mg th xpr mt, t tt, t
t cmm drtdg. Crrtv chm tht r c d rt b
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
33/40
hayek: aanese early modern divination | 361
Jp (d Ch) t d thr pc th vr d t bt m
ght rgrdg thr pr trct hv g t . Tgh th
prctc dvt bd th gc-mbc tr t v, th
trct rt bt tht tm d gv dvd ct cmpr t
ht t d t b.
A I , g - p C g g x b p g p g.g xp . D b, bg, g b .M , pp p-
, g , p g b p g p. U, cle de vote g xg , p bp hakke b. T pp bgg Mj pb (W) , g pp ( Jp ), b g b b pp . T g b pp: Mj p b p (meishin
). W b bj , b p g g, p- b b , , p [ A, B] g xp p (Bronner 2003). Ggb , b g -, p g b p- , b p, g , g p-, b b b.
reerences
rimary sources: triram ooks
Arai G 1683 Hakke kogagami . 2 ., 1 . H N D Lb
(Sj B ).
Baa Nb
1698 Sheki hakke zhon-sh . 3 ., 1 . K: RS , K . H N D Lb(Sj B).
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
34/40
362 | Japanese Journal o Religious Studies 38/2 (2011)
1703 shen hakke shch shinan . 5 ., 1 . K: R
S, Kj . H I R C Jp- S, K.
Chiin 1697 Hakke (mokuroku) ketteish() . 10 ., 5 . K:
N K , Z S . H N D Lb (Sj B).
Fuiwara M 1844 Gotke gokeu kant ippa shinke tysho
. Mp. Ishiyama-ke monjo, L1-7-1439. z
C .
Hiashi R 1693 Shingon himitsu hakke kuden. Mp, 2 . C-
g F, I H E Jp.
Himentei O 1709 Hakke Hrai-sh . 5 ., 1 . A Yb .
O: Sb . H U (K B ).
o Ug K (.)
1864 Hakke kysei zho tsuji ura dokuhandan . 2 .,2 . S: G Jb . H I
R C Jp S.
Kannoni F , Gon-shsu Cg 1637 ry hakke kikigaki hiden-sh . Mp. K
B , H C M/N I JpL.
Okamura K 1695 Wakan hakke shosh taisei . 8 ., 4 . K: Kj
H ; O: Fb Sz ;E: Fj Sbb . H K U b.
Seish 1708 Hakke . F b, 1 p. Pb K, pb .
H Cg F, I E Jp,
P.
rimary sources: undated
Hakke.. F b. 1 p. H N D Lb (Sj B,
854172).
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
35/40
hayek: aanese early modern divination | 363
Hakke-bon.. F b. H N D Lb (Sj B, .
2-6902-696).
Hakke-bon.. L x- p. H N D Lb
(Sj B . 2688).
Hakke-bon.. F b, 1 p. H I R C Jp-
S.
Hakke-bon.. F b, 1 p. H S B, K Gj U.
Hakke no sho .. F b, 1 p. H U (K B).
zassho sanzes
.. 1 . E: Y Bzb . H IR C Jp S.
Sanzes kokagami
.. S , p pb . 1 . H IR C Jp S.
Shint handan-sho.. 1 . Pp Kg . H b
, K p.
rimary sources with no author
Daikyaku shinsen hakke-sh genkai
1718 2 ., 1 . Pb: K Hb (p pb); M S , O. H IR C Jp S.
Hakke 1708 F b, 1 p. H N D Lb (Sj B, .
2689).
Hakke-bon 1640 F b, 1 p. S , K. H N D
Lb.
Hakke tora no maki 1680 3 . Kg , K. H N D Lb (Sj
B).Hakke zue
1611 F b, 1 p. H B, .
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
36/40
364 | Japanese Journal o Religious Studies 38/2 (2011)
Hiden myh-ki
1703 1 . S Gb , E; Yg M , K.
H I R C Jp S.
Jinrin kinm zui
1990 A b A H . B519. : H-
B.
Kokon hakke taizen
1671 6 ., 6 . N Sz , K. H
N D Lb (Sj B).
Nihon kokugo daijiten20002002 S . 13 . : Sg.
Onmy hakke no h
1628 F b, 1 p. Pb K. H U (K
B).
Onmy-sho (kadai) ()1528 Mp, 1 . F b, 1 p. H N Ob
Jp, M.
zassho sanzes
1852 1 . Pb: Iz Ib , Yg b
, K Kb , M Jb , Fj
Kj , Yz S , Y
Bzb , E. H I R C
Jp S.
Ruij hakke-sh1672 2 ., 2 . H I R C Jp S-
.
Shinban hakke
.1680 F b, 1 p. Pb K, pb . H Cg F, I H E Jp, P.
Shinban seimei hakke
.1680 H N M Jp H, S C, Cb p-
.
Shinsen iny hakke narabini sh
1667 2 ., 1 . H Cg F, I H E
Jp, P.
Shinsen iny hakke narabini sh1836 2 ., 1 . Hb D . E: M . H
I R C Jp S.
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
37/40
hayek: aanese early modern divination | 365
enmon hakke hidensh1685 2 ., 2 . N Sb , K. H N
D Lb (Sj B).
Nihon kotenseki sg mokuroku. Ab p://b1.j..jp/~/b.
rimary sources
Baa Nb
1978 Shosetsu bendan . I Nihon zuihitsu shsei dai ni sh
, 2371. : K S. (Og pb 1715)
Kitamura Nb 1979 Kiy shran , . 3. I Nihon zuihitsu taisei , x
9. : Y Kb. (Og pb 1830)
tsuka Mb , .1998 Evora-bon nippo jisho = Vocabvlario da lingoa de Iapam.
O: Sb Spp.
2006 kura oraakira n kygen sh. V. 2, O: Sb
Spp.
erashima R
.. (1713?) Wakan sansai zue , 81 . O: Ib . H Cg F, I H E
Jp, P.
Yoshida K , .1959 Iz- g- .K B 143, . 14.
: K B.
Yoshikawa H , ., Nonomura Kz ()1956 Kygen-sh (ge). : A Sb.
Yuan gg 1933 Skanbon enkin tos sanses-sho. : N
S G.
Yun L , .1995 Qinding xieji bianang shu wai ba chong. Zhenben
shushu congshu,. 6566. p: S W Fg P
C. (Og pb 1741)
secondary sources
Aston, W Gg1908 A Jp b .Man 8: 11620.
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
38/40
366 | Japanese Journal o Religious Studies 38/2 (2011)
Blacker, C1975 Te Catalpa Bow: A Study o Shamanistic Practices in Japan. L: A
& U.
2000 D Jp. I Collected Writings o Carmen Blacker,6584. Abg, Ox: Rg.
Bronner, G2003 LEmpire des croyances. P: P U F.
Frank, B1998 Kata-imi et kata-tagae: Etude sur les interdits de direction lpoque de
Heian. P: Cg F, I H E Jp.(Og pb b M F-Jp, , 1958)
Groue Koten, . .2009 Regards Critiques: Quatre refexions sur la literature classique dans le Japon
des XVIIeXVIIIe sicles. P: Cg F, I HE Jp.
Hayashi M 1987 S j : Wg z
.Aichi Gakuin Daigaku Bungaku-bu Kiy17: 211193.
1994 g-p p b Sg gz Onmyji g p .Japanese Journal o Religious Studies 21:16789.
2006 Kinsei onmyd no kenky . : YKb.
Hayashi M Koike J , .2002 Onmyd no kgi. : Sg S.
Hayek, M2005 C b j
.Asia ygaku 79: 17086. : B Spp.2008 E j -b: Bb Nb
. I Nihon bunka no jinruigaku/Ibunka no min-zokugaku (komatsu kazuhiko kanreki kinen ronbun sh) , 32445. K: Hz.
2010 S-: C j g . Kyoto minzoku 27:126.
2010b Lrt d jgr d pct d dmr d Mtr K (dbt XIX ):
vtr dvt trdt x cct mdr. I JaponPluriel8, cct N Bgz-K B , 31628. Ar: Edt Phpp Pcqr.
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
39/40
hayek: aanese early modern divination | 367
Kalinowski, M1985 L p p x . I
antric and aoist studies in honour o R.A. Stein vol. 3., . M S-, 774811. Bx: I bg .
1991 Cosmologie et divination dans la Chine ancienne: le Compendium des cinqagents (Wuxing dayi, VIe sicle). P: Ex-O,A-M.
Kalinowski, M, ., .2003 Divination et socit dans la Chine mdievale: tude des manuscrits de
Dunhuang de la Bibliothque nationale de France et de la British Library.P: Bbq N F.
Kawasaki R 2005 S z : K
. Kyto joshidaigaku daigakuin bungaku kenkyka kenkykiy 4: 132.
2008 z : K g . Kyto joshi daigakudaigakuin bungaku kenkyka kenkykiy5: 134.
2008 : J - . Kyto joshi daigaku daigakuin bun-
gaku kenkyka kenkykiy6: 128.Komatsu Kz
1995 Ijinron: Minzoku shakai no shinsei. : C- Sb.
2006 Mz j z , : Kb zg- b . Hikaku nihonbunka kenky 10: 5476.
Kornicki, P1998 Te Book in Japan: A Cultural History rom the Beginnings to the Nine-
teenth Century. L; B: B.
Masuko M ( Nb M)2006 E j p
. h shky 107: 4255.
2010 Kinsei ekigaku kenky . : .
Miyake H , .2007 Kinsei shugend monjo. : K Sb.
Murayama S 1981 Nihon onmyd-shi no kenky. : H
Sb.
7/28/2019 8 Trigrams and their Changes
40/40
368 | Japanese Journal o Religious Studies 38/2 (2011)
Murayama S ., .19911993 Onmyd ssho, . 14. : M Spp.
Nakamura S
2000 Nihon onmyd-sho no kenky . : K S.(Og pb 1985)
Oawa Y 1996 N, . Sinica (Gekkan shinika ), .
7: 3637.
Severini, A1874 Notizie de astrologia giapponese. G: H. Gg.
Shin H
2002 Kaneki juss-ron kenky. : K SSait H
2007 Onmyd no kamigami . K: Sb Spp.
Suuki Yj 1963 Kaneki kenky. : M Spp.
Umeno C 2003 O -
. Nihonshi kenky487: 13860.
2009 Kinsei onmyd soshiki no kenky . :
Y Kb.
Yanaita K 1930 Kagy-k . : S.
Yano M 1986 Mikky Senseijutsu : Sukuyd to Indo Senseijutsu
. : Bj.
Zeitlyn, D2001 Fg g x: T p p x-b
. Te Journal o the Royal Anthropological Institute 7: 22540.