7 DNA
50 1953 DNA DNA
DNA http://www.dnaftb.org/dnaftb/ DNA DNA
DNA 1869
Friedrich Miescher1844-1895



1920


F1

BVgBvgbVgbvg 965206185944 206+185/(965+206+185+944)10017%

2n=8




George W. Beadle and Edward L. Tatum1941





→ → →
argAargBargC

http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/N/Neurospora.html DNA DNA
88 88


S smooth
R rough 2 S
R S
R S


S

DNA 1944 DNA

DNA


Martha Chase
CHON P S

P

T2 DNA
DNA DNA DNA
1920 Levene DNA DNA
CTA
G
DNA

(AG)
92 92
DNA



1951 James D. Watson Francis Harry Compton CrickDNA



X
Max Perutz DNA DNA

α
DNA
A:T G:C

α
1953 28 1 Nature
A:T G:C 2 3
complementary
DNA

DNA
DNA
DNA
20 DNA
’→’ N →C 2
DNA

DNA DNA DNA
RNA transcription
RNA RNARNA RNA RNA
tRNARNA
tRNA DNA
1961-65
64
DNA 3
2 T C A G
Phe Ser Tyr Cys T Phe Ser Tyr Cys C Leu Ser Stop Stop A
T
Leu Ser Stop Trp G Leu Pro His Arg T Leu Pro His Arg C Leu Pro Gln Arg A
C
Leu Pro Gln Arg G Ile Thr Asn Ser T Ile Thr Asn Ser C Ile Thr Lys Arg A
A
Met Thr Lys Arg G Val Ala Asp Gly T Val Ala Asp Gly C Val Ala Glu Gly A

G

PheLeuIleMetVal
97 97
SerProThrAlaTyr
HisGlnAsnLysAsp
GluCysTrpArg
SerGlyMet Stop
DNA DNA

DNA



98 98

DNA
DNA