““WELCOME”WELCOME”Basic Basic
Generator Generator
PresentationPresentation
Course Objectives:
• Basic Generator• Generator Types • Generator excitation• Wayang Windu Generator• Generator Operation & maintenance
Agenda
Upon completion of this class the attendance will hopefully be able to understand and explain:• How the electric is generated• The unit generator works principle
• Wayang Windu generator
Basic Generator
Basic Generator
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•
ReferenceReference–– DOE Manual,DOE Manual,–– Volume # 3Volume # 3/41–– Module #10, “AC Generation”Module #10, “AC Generation”
- And NUS Training Corporation Hand Book
Electron and Electricity
1. Atom has three types particles:
-Proton (Positively Charged)
-Electron (negatively charged)
-Neutron (has no charge)
2. Electric Current is the movement or flow of the electron. Electric current can only flow as long as there is a voltage (potential difference between the positive and negative charges).
3. One of the methods to produce voltage is by “magnetism” or magnetic induction that is going to happen in “GENERATOR”.
Basic Generator
Two Types of AC GeneratorsTwo Types of AC Generators•• Revolving armatureRevolving armature
–– rotor is an armature which is rotating inside a stationaryrotor is an armature which is rotating inside a stationaryelectromagnetic fieldelectromagnetic field
–– seldom used since output power must be transmittedseldom used since output power must be transmittedthrough slip-rings and brushesthrough slip-rings and brushes
•• Revolving fieldRevolving field–– dc current is supplied to the rotor which makes adc current is supplied to the rotor which makes a
rotating electromagnetic field inside the statorrotating electromagnetic field inside the stator–– more practical since the current required to supply amore practical since the current required to supply a
field is much smaller than the output current of thefield is much smaller than the output current of thearmaturearmature
Parts of a Typical AtomParts of a Typical Atom
P
N
N
P
E
E
NUCLEUS ELECTRON
NEUTRON
PROTON
Two Types of AC GeneratorsTwo Types of AC Generators•• Revolving armatureRevolving armature
–– rotor is an armature which is rotating inside a stationaryrotor is an armature which is rotating inside a stationaryelectromagnetic fieldelectromagnetic field
–– seldom used since output power must be transmittedseldom used since output power must be transmittedthrough slip-rings and brushesthrough slip-rings and brushes
•• Revolving fieldRevolving field–– dc current is supplied to the rotor which makes adc current is supplied to the rotor which makes a
rotating electromagnetic field inside the statorrotating electromagnetic field inside the stator–– more practical since the current required to supply amore practical since the current required to supply a
field is much smaller than the output current of thefield is much smaller than the output current of thearmaturearmature
Revolving ArmatureRevolving Armature(Low Power/Voltage)(Low Power/Voltage)
http://www.sciencejoywagon.com/physicszone/lesson/otherpub/wfendt/generatorengl.htm
Two Types of AC GeneratorsTwo Types of AC Generators•• Revolving armatureRevolving armature
–– rotor is an armature which is rotating inside a stationaryrotor is an armature which is rotating inside a stationaryelectromagnetic fieldelectromagnetic field
–– seldom used since output power must be transmittedseldom used since output power must be transmittedthrough slip-rings and brushesthrough slip-rings and brushes
•• Revolving fieldRevolving field–– dc current is supplied to the rotor which makes adc current is supplied to the rotor which makes a
rotating electromagnetic field inside the statorrotating electromagnetic field inside the stator–– more practical since the current required to supply amore practical since the current required to supply a
field is much smaller than the output current of thefield is much smaller than the output current of thearmaturearmature
Revolving FieldRevolving Field
http://www.sciencejoywagon.com/physicszone/lesson/otherpub/wfendt/generatorengl.htm
Basic GeneratorAC GeneratorAC Generator
Basic Generator
Generator principle Generator principleThere are three requirement to generate electric :1. Magnetic field2. Conductor3. Relative motion between them
Basic generator
Induction of VoltageInduction of Voltage(Faraday)(Faraday)
•• RequiresRequires–– Magnetic fieldMagnetic field–– ConductorConductor–– Relative motionRelative motion
•• Conductor cuts lines of magnetic flux, aConductor cuts lines of magnetic flux, avoltage is induced in the conductorvoltage is induced in the conductor
•• Direction/Speed importantDirection/Speed important
ElectromagneticElectromagneticInductionInduction
MAGNET
RELATIVE MOTION
COIL (CONDUCTOR)
VOLTMETER
INDUCED CURRENT
INDUCED CURRENT
Direction of Induced Direction of Induced emfemf
B
MOTION OFCONDUCTOR
INDUCEDEMF
N S
“LEFT HANDGENERATOR RULE”(electron flow)
Wayang Windu Compressor
ACACGeneratorGenerator
Wayang Windu CompressorGenerator PartsGenerator Parts
•• Prime moverPrime mover: mechanical work which turns the rotor, may: mechanical work which turns the rotor, maybe a steam turbine, gas turbine, diesel engine...be a steam turbine, gas turbine, diesel engine...
•• Armature windingsArmature windings: the conductor in which the output: the conductor in which the outputvoltage is inducedvoltage is induced
•• FieldField windings windings: the conductors used to produce the: the conductors used to produce theelectromagnetic electromagnetic fieldfield (needs a DC power supply) (needs a DC power supply)
•• StatStatoror: : statstationary housing of the generatorionary housing of the generator•• RotRotoror: : rotrotates inside the stator, moved by a prime moverates inside the stator, moved by a prime mover
(steam turbine, gas turbine, diesel…)(steam turbine, gas turbine, diesel…)•• Sliding contacts (slip-rings and brushes)Sliding contacts (slip-rings and brushes): used to conduct: used to conduct
the field or armature current to and from the rotorthe field or armature current to and from the rotor
Wayang Windu Generator
BrushLess ExciterBrushLess Exciter
B r u s h L e s s E x c i t e rB r u s h L e s s E x c i t e r
+
A C O u t p u t
Exciter
Compressor HazardPermanent MagnetPermanent MagnetGenerator (PMG)Generator (PMG)
Thank you
For your attention
Direction of Induced Direction of Induced emfemf
B
MOTION OFCONDUCTOR
INDUCEDEMF
N S
“LEFT HANDGENERATOR RULE”(electron flow)
Generator Arrangement
PMGExcGen
AVR
DC
AC
AC 1O
AC 3O
DC
Rpm = ----------120 . freq
Pole
52G
Gen.Trans
VT
Stator
CT
Diode
DiodeTurbine Shaft
Thank you
For your attention
Generator RelationshipsGenerator Relationships
•• Speed = Frequency = LoadSpeed = Frequency = Load
•• Excitation = Terminal Voltage = Power FactorExcitation = Terminal Voltage = Power Factor
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