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Highlights of IH Programs and OSHA Standards
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INTRODUCTION
• Hazard Communication• Hearing Conservation• Personal Protective Equipment• Respiratory Protection• Heat Stress• Cold Stress• Confined Spaces• Ergonomics• Radiation
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INTRODUCTION
• You should already be very familiar with the specific requirements of the OSHA standards.
• This presentation highlights programs as they relate to potential employee exposures to environmental stressors.
• It does not cover all aspects of each standard.
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HAZARD COMUNICATION
Hazard Communication
Program
Container Labeling
Material SafetyData Sheet
MSDSProgramLabel
The OSHA Standard was written to ensure that employers and employees know about work hazards and how to protect themselves so that the incidence of illnesses and injuries due to hazardous chemicals is reduced.
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HAZARD COMUNICATION• How can workplace exposures
be minimized?– Perform a thorough hazard
assessment– Be informed about the hazards
of the chemicals you use– This information is obtained from
MSDSs and labels• Communication of hazards to
others in area– Hazards– Detecting exposures, symptoms– Protective measures
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HAZARD COMUNICATION
• Ensure containers are labeled properly.– Each container of hazardous
chemicals must be labeled or marked with:
• Identity of the chemical• Appropriate hazard warnings• Name and address of the
responsible party
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HAZARD COMUNICATION
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)• Prepared by the chemical manufacturer
or importer describes: – Physical hazards, such as fire and
explosion– Health hazards, such as signs of exposure– Routes of exposure– Precautions for safe handling and use– Emergency and first-aid procedures– Control measures
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HAZARD COMUNICATION
• MSDS provides information about the:– Physical and chemical characteristics– Health effects– Exposure limits– Carcinogenicity (cancer-causing)– Identification (name, address, and telephone number)
of the organization responsible for preparing the sheet
• Must be readily accessible to employees in their work area
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HEARING CONSERVATION
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Whether a noise is harmful will depend on its intensity, which is measured in decibels.
HEARING CONSERVATION
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 decibels
Quietest perceivable sound
Quiet bedroom
Normal conversation
Traffic
Lawn Mowing Grinding Chain Sawing
Pain Threshold
InjuriousIrritating
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When noise exposures equal or exceed 85 dBA (as an 8-hour TWA), a hearing conservation program must be implemented.
HEARING CONSERVATION
Hearing Conservation Program
• Noise exposure monitoring• Audiometric testing• Hearing protection• Employee training• Recordkeeping
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HEARING CONSERVATION
• Types of Hearing Loss – Conductive – Sensorineural
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HEARING CONSERVATION
• Conductive– Not caused by noise exposure– Disorder in the external or middle ear that
prevents sound from reaching the inner ear • e.g. wax in ear, infection, etc.
– Inner ear intact– Non-occupational– Reversible
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HEARING CONSERVATION
• Sensorineural
– Poor transmission of sound by bone or nerve pathways
– Damage to the cochlea and/or auditory nerve
– Deep structures of the ear are damaged
– Induced by occupational noise
– Not reversible
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Noise can cause other effects on the body in addition to hearing loss.
HEARING CONSERVATION
Permit Condition
s
Increased Increased blood pressureblood pressure
Increased Increased blood pressureblood pressure
Increased Increased pulse ratepulse rate
Increased Increased pulse ratepulse rate
FatigueFatigueFatigueFatigue
Other Health Effects
Other Health Effects
Heart Heart palpitationspalpitations
Heart Heart palpitationspalpitations
NervousnessNervousnessNervousnessNervousness
Decreased Decreased coordinationcoordinationDecreased Decreased
coordinationcoordination
Digestive Digestive problemsproblemsDigestive Digestive problemsproblems
Decreased Decreased concentrationconcentrationDecreased Decreased
concentrationconcentration
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There are two sound measuring instruments typically used for noise monitoring.
HEARING CONSERVATION
Sound Level Meters
Noise Dosimeters
Area SamplingArea Sampling Personal SamplingPersonal Sampling
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RESTRICTED AREAS
Tool Noise level will probably exceed…
Air gun 108
Air hammer 110
Air track drill 110
Asphalt grinder 111
Backhoe 85
Belt sander 90
Bored piledriver using auger (at 15 m)- the acoustical conditions of measurement were not reported
81
Brick saw 94
Bulldozer 87
Chipper, pneumatic 100
Chipping gun 96
Chopsaw 92
Circular saw 88
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HEARING PROTECTION
• Earmuffs
• Ear Plugs
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HEARING PROTECTION
• Noise Reduction Rating (NRR)
• A rating that is assigned to specific personal hearing protection that gives an estimated reduction when the protection is worn properly.
• Only valid if HP worn correctly
NO
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There are four methods for determining the adequacy of hearing protection. The most common is:
HEARING PROTECTION
Manufacturer’s Noise Reduction Manufacturer’s Noise Reduction Rating = 25 dBARating = 25 dBA
Employee’s Exposure = 100 dBA Employee’s Exposure = 100 dBA (8-hour TWA)(8-hour TWA)
Attenuation = 100 dBA - (25 dBA - 7dBA)/2 = 91 dBAAttenuation = 100 dBA - (25 dBA - 7dBA)/2 = 91 dBA
Attenuation calculated using OSHA method
Will not work
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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
• Basic Principles:– Must protect response
personnel from exposure– Must know what chemicals are
involved in exposure– Must know general
concentration of exposure– Must select appropriate PPE
materials– Must know limitations
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• Selection and Use– Prepare ahead of
time!– There is not one
material that protects against all chemicals!
– Protect eyes, head, face, hands, body, feet
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
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• Consider performance requirements when selecting:
– Aging resistance– Chemical resistance– Cleanability– Color– Comfort– Durability
– Flexibility – Strength– Size– Service Life– Thermal Limits
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
• Chemical Resistance
Permeation
Degradation
Penetration
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• Permeation
– Diffusion of chemicals through intact material
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
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• Degradation – A loss or change in one or more physical
properties of a protective clothing material due to contact with a chemical
– A chemical process
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
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• Penetration
– The flow of a chemical through closures, porous materials, seams and pinholes or other imperfections in a protective clothing material on a non-molecular level
– A physical process
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
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• Must know the type of chemical you are up against, as chemicals will “break through” incompatible materials.
• Breakthrough times (min.) are the times observed from the start of the test to first detection of the chemical on the other side of the sample material.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT