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Learning and Teaching in
the Digital Age
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tengku Shahrom (DrT)
UNITAR International University
24th
March, 2013
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Here's to the crazy ones. The misfits.
The rebels. The troublemakers. The
round pegs in the square holes. Theones who see things differently.
They're not fond of rules. And they
have no respect for the status quo.
You can quote them, disagree with
them, glorify or vilify them. But the
only thing you can't do is ignore them.
Because they change things. They
push the human race forward.
And while some see them as the crazy
ones, we see genius.
Because the people who are crazy
enough to think they can change the
world, are the ones who do.
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For the first time
we are preparing
students for a future
we cannot clearly
describe.
David Warlick
http://communications.nottingham.ac.uk/podcasts/
Our Shared Problem...
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http://aproposofnothing.files.wordpress.com
Introducingtechnologyinto
education
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New and emerging technologies...
http://www.weirdthings.org.uk
...are often met with opposition.
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Innovation
Prevention
Department
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http://aproposofnothing.files.wordpress.com
Introducingcomputers intoschools
Any sufficientlyadvancedtechnology is
indistinguishablefrom magic
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We are battling
against a commonenemy....
ignorance
8/13/2019 3-Learning and Teaching in the Digital Age
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If you think education is expensive...
...try ignorance.
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What is wrong with school?
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Education is what remains after one
has forgotten everything he learned in
school.Albert Einstein
http://gradeproud.com
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Does education need transformation?
Source: Chambers English Dictionary
"In large statespublic education
will always be
mediocre, for the
same reason that in
large kitchens the
cooking is usually
bad."
- Nietzschehttp://thescholasticdiary.wordpress.com
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Young peoples out-
of-school experiences
with technology can
mean that students
find the presentation
of school curriculumless challenging, less
relevant and less
engaging.
Source: http://community.learningobjects.com
htt
p://encefalus.com/
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Education is changing for young people asthey experience self-directed learning,
(mostly outside school) about things that
interest them.Source: http://community.learningobjects.com
http://flickr.com/photos/thomcochrane/416206133/
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Education must begin
with the solution of
the teacher-student
contradiction, by
reconciling the poles
of the contradiction so
that both are
simultaneously
teachers and
students.
- Paulo Frierehttp://arts.anu.edu.au
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The wish to preserve the past rather than
the hope of creating the future dominatesthe minds of those who control the teaching
of the young" - Bertrand Russell
http://flickr.com/photos/shu1/6065783/
Does education need reform?
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The School Computer Suite...
http://www.hseb.utah.edu
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http://i.dailymail.co.uk
Objections from educators
...they are distracting and
disruptive. The phone becomesthe focus of attention,
inappropriate images/videos can
be taken and sent, leading to
invasion of privacy and loss of
teacher control!
Mobile phones are bannedinmost schools because...
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Half of teens send 50 ormore text messages a day,
or 1,500 texts a month, and
one in three send more
than 100 texts a day, ormore than 3,000 texts a
month. (2009 statistics)
Source: http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2010/Teens-and-Mobile-Phones.aspx
http://blog.roadandtravel.com
Mobile phones are thenatural communication
tool of choice for younger
users.Are we preparing this
generation for the future
or for the past?
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What are the needs of todays
learners?
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http://www.flickr.com/photos/56155476@N08/5667863948/
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Learners will need new literacies
Social networking
Privacy maintenance
Identity management Creating content
Organising content
Reusing and repurposing Filtering and selecting
Self presenting
http://www.mopocket.com/
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anytime
personalised
anyplacehtt : ithalas.com
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Trends in Education
Just for me Apprenticeship model
Just in case Standard Curriculum
Just in timeBespoke Curriculum
Just for mePersonalised Learning
Personal Learning Environment
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Asystem that helps learners take control of andmanage their own learning. This includes providing
support for learners to
Personal Learning Environment
manage their
learning
set their own
learning goals
communicate
with others
User Generated Content
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What does a personal learning
environment look like?
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Personalised
Learning
Today you are You,
that is truer than true.
There is no one alive
who is Youer than You.
- Dr Suesshttp://images.fanpop.com/images
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Personalisation of learning means ensuring
that individual differencesare
acknowledged
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Generating Content
Sharing Content Organising Content
Personal Web Tools
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Generating Content
Sharing Content Organising Content
Blog Mashup
Wiki
Tagging
Personal Web Tools
E-portfolio
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Personal Learning Environments
Personal
Learning
Environment
Personal
Learning
Network
PersonalWeb Tools
Source: http://steve-wheeler.blogspot.com/2010/07/anatomy-of-ple.html
PLEs are not only personal
web tools and personal
learning networks. PLEsare much wider than this,
taking in experiences and
realia, as well as learning
through TV, music, paper
based materials, radio &
more formal contexts.
Learning content is not as
important now as where
(or who) to connect to, to
find it.
PWTs are any web tools,
(usually Web 2.0) chosen
by learners to support
their lifelong learning.
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http
://socialenterpriseambassadors.org.u
k
Learning to learn
Critical thinking
Collaboration
Creativity
Reflection
Evaluation
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Why social media?
S i l di 2011
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Social media use 2011
>200Million95 million tweets/day
2 Billion views/day
24 hours/minute
Source: http://www.browsermedia.co.uk
Th l b l t t
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There are 5
billion mobile
phone
connections. 3
times as manymobile phones
as computers on
the planet.
Source: BBC News 2010
Data consumed in
2010 for mobiles
2.8 exabytes
Data consumed in2009 1.1 exabytes
The global context...
Social media use
is on the rise withover 750 million
users on
Facebook and 24
hours of video
uploaded every
minute on
Youtube.
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http://www.uksmallbusinesswebsites.co.uk
With access to Social Media
everyone has a voice
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What are the new pedagogies?
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Education
Educere (latin) = to draw out what is within
= to bring out potential
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Education
Educere (latin) = to draw out what is within
= to bring out potential
Image source: http://laescueladeateanas.files.wordpress.com
Socratic discourse isbased on asking and
answering questions
to stimulate critical
thinking and illuminate
ideas.
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We cannot manageself-organised
learning for our
students.
We can only create
conducive
environments within
which students will
organise their own
learning.
Self Organised Learning
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Formal and
Informal
learning
Formal Learning Informal Learning
20%
80%Source: Cofer, D. (2000). Informal Workplace Learning.
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http://www.ischool.berkeley.edu
Networked learning
Understanding hownetworks work is one of
the most important
literacies of the 21stCentury.
- Howard Rheingold
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Making Connections
In connectivism, learning involves creating
connectionsand developing a network. It is
a theory for the digital age drawing upon
chaos, emergent properties, and
self organised learning.
(Its not what you know but who you know)
Source: Wikipediahttp://www.pestproducts.com
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Social Networks...
Redefinecommunity,friendship, identity, presence,
privacy, geography, power
relationships
Enablelearning, connections,
collaboration, sharing,
exploration
Adapted from Couros, A. (2010)
http://www.guardian.co.uk
http://strategicdc.com
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Social Networks...
Redefinecommunity,friendship, identity, presence,
privacy, geography, power
relationships
Enablelearning, connections,
collaboration, sharing,
exploration
Networks form around shared
interests, ideas and objects
Adapted from Couros, A. (2010)
http://www.guardian.co.uk
http://strategicdc.com
Rhi
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RhizomesDeleuze &Guattari
Anarchy of the Web
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...multiple, non-hierarchical entry and exit
points in data representation and
interpretation.
Rhizomatic learning
http://archbold-station.org
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Rhizomatic learning
In the rhizomatic view,knowledge can only be
negotiated, [and is] a
personal knowledge-creation
process with mutable goals
and constantly negotiated
premises.
Source: Cormier, D. (2008) http://davecormier.com/edblog/
Steve
Wheeler,UniversityofPlymouth,
2008
Community as curriculum: The users become the
arbiters of what constitutes knowledge
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http://www.flickr.com/photos/luc/
Paragogy The kinds of learner support
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The kinds of learner support
Social
support
Academicsupport
Technical
support
Reference: (Carnwell, 2000)
Traditionally the
domain of the
teacher/tutor
These are
often
providedby peers
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We are seeing peer-based learning
networks where students are learning as
much from each other as they are from
their mentors and tutors.
John Seely-Brown
Image source: http://businessinnovationfactory.com
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What will be the new
teacher roles?
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http://aproposofnothing.files.wordpress.com
Any teacherwho can bereplaced by acomputer....
.... should be.
- Arthur C. Clarke
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A computer
once beat me
at chess...
http://woodforthetrees.files.wordpress.com
...but was
no match for
me at
kickboxing.
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Content curation
Collaboration
Facilitation
Inspiration!
http://www.flickr.com/photos/worldbank/2760560588/
Co-learning
Learning support
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Doctors save lives.
Teachers make lives.
http://www.t
aranakicareers.co.nz
Digital Content Curation
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Digital Content Curation
www.scoop.it/t/future-school
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We need to trust
the innate abilityof learners to self
assess.
- Derek RobertsonE-Assessment Scotland, 2010
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Ipsative assessment...
...where a students learning is measured against previous
attainment. This is observed in games where players are
constantly trying to better their own previous top scores.
Triadic assessment
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Triadic assessment
TutorAssessment
Triadic Assessment (Gale et al, 2002)
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Multimedia brought
the world into theclassroom...
www.canada.com
Smart technologies
will take the
classroom out intothe world.
Th f t ?
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All too often todaywe are giving
young people cut
flowers when weshould be teaching
them to grow their
ownplants.
- John W Gardner
http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/image/s_flowers-lost-gardens-of-heligan.jpg
http://www.newcastle.edu.au
The future?
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Thankyou!