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Workshop on Renewable EnergiesNovember 14-25, 2005
Nadi, Republic of the Fiji Islands
Module 3Module 3
Solar PhotovoltaicSolar PhotovoltaicOsamu IsoOsamu Iso
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3. Solar Photovoltaic3. Solar Photovoltaic
5. Design example of Solar Home System ( SHS in Indonesia )
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5. 5. Design example of Solar Home System (SHS)Design example of Solar Home System (SHS)
5. Design example of Solar Home System ( SHS in Indonesia )
5-1. e7 Climate Change Projects
5-2. Renewable Energy Supply Systems
5-3. Reference
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• Three projects under the AIJ Pilot Phase of the UNFCCC
-Zimbabwe: Mini Hydroelectric System
-Jordan: Efficiency Improvements in Thermal Plants
-Indonesia: Renewable Energy Supply Systems
• e7’s Objective: To test AIJ mechanisms
55--1. 1. e7 Climate Change Projectse7 Climate Change Projects
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• Project e7-1: Indonesia Renewable Energy Supply Systems
• Three technologies:-Micro-Hydro Power-Hybrid System (Wind-Solar-Diesel)-Solar Home Systems
• In eight remote villages• Systems owned & operated by villagers• All eight e7 companies participated.
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55--1. 1. e7 Climate Change Projectse7 Climate Change Projects• e7-1: Technical Information
• Solar Home Systems (3 sites)-50W pole-mounted photovoltaics x 175 sets-Installations completed February 1999
• Micro-Hydro Power (4 sites)-46 kW, 64 kW, 13kW, 15kW (Total: 138 kW)-Commissioning February 2000
• Hybrid System (1 site)-Solar - 21.6 kW, Wind - 10 kW, Diesel 20 kVA-Commissioning March 2000
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• e7-1 Project Objectives
• Reduction of greenhouse gases
• Testing AIJ mechanisms
• Long-term sustainable energy solutions
• Improvement of environment
• Improvement of standards of living
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• e7-1 Project Approach
• e7-1 Project Office in Indonesia
• Promote NGO and local involvement
• Implement proven technologies
• Implement sustainable financial & management systems
• Focus on training for local people
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• Institutional Barriers & Lessons Learned Management Systems
• Creation of local utilities (PLDs)
• Successful management schemes are the key
- Focus on involvement of local people
- Clear objectives for all parties
- Intensive training - over time
- Establishiung after-sales service contracts with - local contractors
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• Institutional Barriers & Lessons Learned Technical Training
• Simulations & case studies
• Several training sessions required
• After start-up, some supervision is important
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• Institutional Barriers &Lessons Learned Sustainable Financial Scheme
• Socio-economic studies
• Focus groups, e7 assessments & NGO presence
• Determine ability & willingness to pay
- Need maximum income to assure sustainability
- Must design tariffs within reach of villagers
• Clear & transparent banking schemes
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• Conclusions
• e7’s Indonesia project is one example - not finished yet!
• How renewable energy can work in remote areas
• Most important aspects: - Management schemes- Financial schemes- Training (technical and management)
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55--2. 2. Renewable Energy Supply SystemsRenewable Energy Supply Systems• Solar Home System
Equipment:•Photovoltaics-50W×175 sets
Site(2):•Oenaineno (Timor Is.) ········ 100 sets were supplied by e7•Lengkonamut (Flores Is.) ··· 75 sets were supplied by
Indonesia Government
Current Status:•Construction has completed at the end of February, 1999
Responsible Company: Kansai (Japan)
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• Hybrid System
Equipment:• Photovoltaics-21.6kW (5.4kW×4sets)• Wind Generator-10kW• Diesel Generator-20kVA
Site(1):• Oeledo (Rote Is.)
Current Status:• Now bidding for equipment• Construction is expected to start in May, 1999
Responsible Company: ENEL(Italy)
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• Micro Hydro Power
Equipment & Site(4):• Taba (Sulawesi Is.)-46kW• Tendan-Dua (Sulawesi Is.) -64kW• Bokin (Sulawesi Is.)-13kW• Waikelosawa (Timor Is.)-15kWTOTAL-138kW
Current Status:• Construction has started at the beginning of February, 1999
Responsible Company: TEPCO (Japan)
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• Project Management Organization
Project Leader
H.G.Adam(RWE)
Local Manager
C.Dauselt(RWE)
AIJ SEI SHS HS MHP
A.Marcu(OH) P.Duchemin(EDF) C.Dauselt(RWE) A.Ilicheto(ENEL) S.Saito(TEPCO)
S.Lefebvre(HQ) T.Nakazawa(Kansai)
T.Shiraishi(Kansai)
Explanation:
AIJ: Activities Implemented Jointly
SEI: Socio Economic Integration SFCSHS: Solar Home System H.Gollay(EI)
HS: Hybrid System
MHP: Micro Hydropower BFS
SFC: Self Financing Concept H.G.Adam(RWE)
BFS: Bankable Feasiblity Study
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• What institutional barriers are perceived
1. There is no Sustainable Organization for maintaining Energy Supply System
2. Lack of Human Capability for maintaining Energy Supply System
3. Lack of Financial Scheme
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• Lessons learned
• Clear objective of Organization shared by all members.
• Each member needs his/her own objective.
• Each member should be evaluated fairly.• Needs practical skills to cope with difficult
situation.
• These skills must be developed by case-study workshop.
• Financial scheme must be firmly established.
1.-2
2.-2
3.-2
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• Example; Kuale a Village, Oenaineno Village
1 SHS Systems were installed in Kuale a Village in 19952 When e7 visit Kuale a Village in 1997, all of SHSs were
in trouble or did not work
3 e7 refurbished those SHSs
4 e7 installed 100 SHSs in Oenaineno Village
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• Example; Kuale a Village, Oenaineno Village
5 Practical example of solutions
1) To establish Sustainable Organization for SHSs Village Utility “PLD”
2) To train the employees of PCD Face to face training Several times trainings Simulator
3) To develop Financial scheme for PLD Socio Economic Research To establish billing system Income generating
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• e7-1, Renewable Energy Supply System in Indonesia
deposits for SHS renewal
Admin Maintenance
etc.
Capital Investment
for SHS
covered by tariff and down-payment* complete renewal
in 10 years.
Donation
Down-payment175,000 RP = US$22Monthly Payment35,000 RP/month
US$4.4/month(1$= 8000 RP)
=
Income Generating
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• Organization Structure applied for the PLD
Secretary / Treasurer (1 person)
Technical Staff(3-5 persons)
Marketing Staff(2 persons)
Kiosk(Spare Parts)
Promotion(Services)
Chairman
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55--3. 3. ReferenceReference• What is a Solar Home System ?
Battery
Solar Cells50W
SwitchesBox
BatteryControl
Unit
Fluorescent Lamp 10W
TV
Radio Tape Recorder
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• What is a Solar Home System ?
Battery
Solar Cells50W
SwitchesBox
BatteryControl
Unit
Fluorescent Lamp 10W
TV
Radio Tape Recorder
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• Province Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT)
Oelnaineno
Kupang
KualeuLengkonamut
Timur Island
Flores Island
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• Solar Home Systems of e7-127 in NTT
Flores Island
Timur Island
Lengkonamut 75 sets x 50W
Oelnaineno 100 sets x 50W
Kualeu 20 sets x 50W
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• PLD (Perum Listrik Desa: Village Utility)
PLDResponsibilities
OrganizationChairman1 person
Secretary /Treasurer1 person
Technical Staff3-5 candidates
Marketing Staff2 candidates
Promotion( Services )
Kiosk( Spare Parts )
•Installing/removing electricity installations•Performing basic maintenance•Replacing batteries (where applicable)•Performing system trouble shooting•Reporting problems to the local suppliers and follow-up actions•Ensuring fee collection from users and its documentation•Ensuring fee transfers to investment accounts•Educating households on the usage of electricity•Providing of other basic energy and business services•Providing of major spare parts
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• PLD Office at Lengkonamut in Flores Island Customer at Kualeu in Timur Island
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• PLD Office at Oelnaineno in Timur Island
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• Customer at Lengkonamut in Flores Island
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• Customer at Oelnaineno in Timur Island
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• Customer at Oelnaineno in Timur Island
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• Composition of Solar Home System
Solar Cells50W
Fluorescent Lamp 10W
Battery12V, 100AH
BCU(6A) Switches
Water
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• Installation of PV Panel
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• Monitoring of PV Panel
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• Monitoring of PV Panel
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• Training of Technical Staff
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• Training of Technical Staff
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• Training of Technical Staff
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• Coffee Production
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• Hybrid System in Rote Island
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• Hybrid System in Rote Island
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• Hybrid System in Rote Island
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• Micro Hydro Power Station in Sulawesi Island
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• e7-1, Renewable Energy Supply System in Indonesia
Deposits for SHS renewal
Admin Maintenance
etc.
Capital Investment for
SHSDonation
covered by tariff and down-payment *complete renewal
in 10 years
Down-payment 175,000 RP ≒ US$ 22
Monthly Payment
35,000 RP/month
US $ 4.4/month
(1 $ =8000RP)
Income Generating
≒
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• Comparison of Payment in Indonesia
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