24.06.03
2003
2005
Conceptual Retrieval
Ad-Hoc/CollaborativeWork Organization
Self-OrganizingArchives
Knowledgee-Trading Platform
CollaborativeKnowledgeEvolution
UnintrusiveKnowledge Acquisition
Evolutionary & collaborativeKnowledge Organization
Need-drivenKnowledge Exploitation
Technology Roadmap for the DFKI Department Knowledge Management 2003-2005
Communicating OntologyAgents
Profile Observation & Learning
Collaborative, Profile-Oriented
Question Answering
Virtual Enterprise Environment
Explication of Information Needs
SustainableOntologies
Knowledge as Commodity
ContextIdentification by Observation
Attention-basedIndexing
Individualized Task Assistant
Profile-Based Story Highlighting
Soft-Concept Capturing
HypermediaFact Mining
Teaching on demand
Document evolution
Support for Dynamic Task Sequences
24.06.03
2006
2010
2008
Knowledge Quality Models
UnintrusiveKnowledge Acquisition
Evolutionary & collaborativeKnowledge Organization
Need-drivenKnowledge Exploitation
IndividualizedBusiness Associate
Knowledge Quality Management
Adaptive OM Structuring
Living Organizational Memories
Co-operativeOM Societies
Trend Scouting
Knowledge “On the Fly”
Confidentiality Assurance
Self-OrganizingDocuments
Technology Roadmap for the DFKI Department Knowledge Management 2006-2010
Collaborative Information Retrieval
Sharable Business Rules
Concept Negotiation
Wide-AreaKnowledge
ServicesInteracting Ontologies
Knowledge Assessment Procedures
Competence Mapping
Personal Knowledge Workspace
Personal Adaptive Memory
Competence Crawler
Context Mining
Situated Knowledge Partners
Personal Knowledge Representatives
Competence Learner
Context-Specific Individual Knowledge Delivery
Trust signets
Information squalls
Holistic retrieval
Experience gathering
24.06.03
UnintrusiveKnowledge Acquisition
EvolutionaryKnowledge organization
Need-driven Knowledge Exploitation
Profile-mapping and Profile-
merging with vague
concepts
Acquisition and
exploitation of weak
processes
Pro-active Reasoning on
Formal and Informal
Structures
Utilization of Individual
Knowledge Workspaces
Formalization of User
Profiles, Task Models,and Information Needs
Configurable Generic
Analysis Modules &
Services
Models for Knowledge Life
Cycles
Handling of Cross-border
Knowledge
Metrics for Knowledge
Assessment
Multi-criteria Knowledge
Structuring
Methods for Successful Knowledge Management Introduction & Evaluation
Learning, Agent-based Ontology Negotiation, Automated Knowledge Exchange
Semantic Web Technologies, Web Service Applications, P2P
Research Roadmap for the DFKI Department Knowledge Management 2003-2010
24.06.03
Technology Roadmap
Knowledge Managementextension - 2010
• All objectives of the previous roadmap are still valid.• Main modifications/extensions comprise
– we envision new ways of interacting with information. Evolving documents reflect a kind of interaction dialog.
– We aim at a more comprehensive view on legality and privacy aspects of the workspace formalization and knowledge exchange. Means to create trust (in addition to quality and confidentiality) are a prominent result of that.
– Innovative approaches to a holistic interaction with and in complex knowledge spaces offer a new way to grasp represented knowledge. This aspect offers multiple opportunities for collaboration with the IVS department.
24.06.03
Technology Roadmap
Knowledge Managementextension - 2009
Main modifications comprise• We emphasize the mid-term vision of Knowledge as Commodity, the generic
Knowledge Market Place has been replaced by a specific e-Trading Plattform to be developed.
• The handling and representation of competences gained increased interest• Process aspects of knowledge quality are newly introduced• The identification of Personal Knowledge Workspaces as a prime resource for
acquisition and evolutionary organization of knowledge leads to new developments on the personal (PAM) and enterprise level (dialog-oriented ‘knowledge partners’)
• The development is towards increased service orientation and systematic evaluation/testing methods
24.06.03
Technology Roadmap
Knowledge Managementextension - 2008
Main modifications comprise• collaborative aspects, coupled with machine learning approaches, gain
increasing interest• Development is aimed - beyond static, representation-centered ontology
techniques - towards more active and autonomous services and responsibilities• Knowledge objects encompass operative knowledge with corresponding rule-
based, web-enabled representations• Collaboration, communication, and social roles fit with the vision of web-based,
semantically enhanced exchange.
24.06.03
Unintrusive Knowledge Acquisition
• Knowledge Acquisition and (partial) formalization is necessary in order to transform knowledge into an object of exchange and automatic processing. This has to be done as un-intrusive as possible, as the user considers additional formalization work to be a nuisance and tends to discard this as un-necessary burden.
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Evolutionary Knowledge Organization
• Acquired Knowledge has to be organized in suitable ways. This is done by representing explicit relations to formal models (Knowledge Organization). Possible models comprise descriptions of relevant objects and concepts (ontologies) and structures of the enterprise (all these are relatively stable), but also models of dynamic processes and their enactment in workflows. Creation and maintenance of the structuring models need to be done in an evolutionary way as a purely static approach is not suitable in continuously changing situation of an enterprise.
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Need-driven Knowledge Exploitation
• Knowledge has to be made available for application. This has to be done in accordance with individual and / or situation-specific needs.
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Ad-Hoc/Collaborative Work Organization
• Flexible structures of organizations and project-oriented cooperation across enterprise borders lead to new organization of work.In order to be able to deliver useful information support in these innovative situations, the structure and the organization of knowledge has to be adapted to changing and short-lived organizational structures.
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Attention-based Indexing
• Observation of the interaction between user and information elements helps to identify the degree of attention which is paid to different information elements. This is used to infer adequate indes structures.
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Collaborative Knowledge Evolution
• Interaction between members of a community lead to continuous re-interpretation of information elements, thus to the generation of new knowledge. These communication processes are to be observed and identified in order to infer structures (which can grow evolutionary) and knowledge elements (which can be formalized incrementally)
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Collaborative, Profile-Oriented Question Answering
• Profiles and structures deduced from community-internal interaction are used to infer the information need of the community members. Thus queries can be answered correctly and in accordance with the intentions of the group members. Collaborative Question Answering goes beyond pure information retrieval as the original information sources might be transformed to better suit the problem at hand.
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Communicating Ontology Agents
• Information exchange between multiple ontologies which have been created in different contexts requires suitable agent-based communication protocols.
• Basics completed in FRODO, work continues in EPOS
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Conceptual Retrieval
• User‘s queries are answered based on a concept-based representation of information content, together with ontologies which represent background knowledge about the concepts.
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Context Identification by Observation
• The current work context is inferred from the observation of a user‘s actions. The context information is used to facilitate specific support.
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Context in Weak Workflow
• How can we employ dynamically modeled workflows (which are modified at runtime) as a useful context representation?
• Use of explicitly-modelled business processes and static workflows as context representation has been successfully investigated in KNOWMORE, DECOR etc.
• Now we are going to extend this approach towards dynamically modelled, weakly-structured workflows.
• Successfully done in FRODO, used in EPOS
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Document evolution
• User interacts with the document via multi-modal feedback: natural language annotation, mark-up and highlighting, feedback about suggested similar documents.
• Based on the interaction the document adapts itself to the situative needs of individuals– e.g. dynamic extension of background information and
integration into the original document
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Document Similarity Assessment
• Assess the similarity of documents by analyzing their content
– mostly done by the PROFILER development, currently no further basic research intended;
– application of the technique, however, continues in various projects (EPOS, ELENA, ...)
back to the Roadmap back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Explication of Information Needs
• Development of explicit representations of context-specific information needs.
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Fact/Concept Extraction
• Identification and formal representation of relevant facts and concepts from documents.
• Cf. INKASS, AdREAD, ...
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Format Normalization
• Transform documents into standard representations
• ProFiler transforms to html
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Goal-Specific Abstracting
• Summarization of document content in accordance with individual and context-specific information needs
• partially done in AdREAD
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Hypermedia Fact Mining
• Identification / extraction of formalized knowledge from hypermedia elements;exploitation of text, image, sound etc. content; but also link structures between elements
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Individualized Task Assistant
• Personal, task-specific support which takes context and individual interests into account.
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Knowledge as Commodity
• Knowledge is transformed into / represented as an object which can be exchanged and traded.
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Knowledge e-Trading Platform
• Knowledge trading requires new trading tools and parameters. We develop suitable internet-based platforms; e.g. in the INKASS project.
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Profile-Based Story Highlighting
• Emphasizing/highlighting of document passages according to individual interest profiles
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Profile Observation & Learning
• User‘s interaction with information elements is observed; profiles are learned which represent the user‘s interests.
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Self-Organizing Archives
• Archives adapt to changes in their environment by modifying structures and / or content.
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Soft-Concept Capturing
• Terms/concepts in knowledge networks are fuzzy and short-lived in their interpretation. This fuzziness has to be represented (e.g. using Bayes networks), changes in concept definitions shall be identified automatically.
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Support for Dynamic Task Sequences
• Standard process definitions are static, modern forms of work require task sequences to be handled as weak workflows
• We investigate process-oriented knowledge management on the basis of weak workflows
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Sustainable Ontologies
• Ontologies represent the shared conceptualization of a community. This can change over time. We develop methods and technology to adapt concept definitions and ontology structures to these changes in order to achieve long-term validity of ontologies.
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Teaching on demand
• Personalized collation, delivery and presentation of e-Learning material– cf. Activities in ELENA and ProFinder projects
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Text-supported Ontology Construction
• Interactive processes to create ontologies based on the analysis of available text corpora (which contain a group‘s shared understanding)
• cf. INKASS, FRODO, KNOWMORE
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Virtual Enterprise Environment
• Project-oriented cooperation across enterprise boundaries require new ways of information exchange and support. Concepts like ‚organization model‘, ‚role‘, ‚business process‘ are less static in the new environment.
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Adaptive OM structuring
• OM structures adapt automatically to new situations.• An OM can adapt by
– changing the structures used for knowledge organization
– changing the information elements (its content)• this is supported by self-organizing documents
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Collaborative Information Retrieval
• Exploit the interactions / queries / feedback of a community in a retrieval process in order to improve the answering of individual queries.
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Competence Crawler
• Find competence profiles in websites; identification of competence profiles in the world-wide web
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Competence Learner
• Automatic creation of profiles which describe individual competencies
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Competence Mapping
• Comparison of competence description and requested competence profile; identification of competence profiles which are suitable for a specific job descripiton
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Concept Negotiation
• Exchange and negotiation between agents in order to find a common interpretation of concepts which differ in various ontologies; e.g. based on comparison of instances.
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Confidentiality Assurance
• Knowledge inserted into an OM may only be accessible to users with suitable authorization
• Definition and representation of ‘levels of confidentiality; evaluation models for knowledge elements wrt. confidentiality.
• Can we hide sensitive parts of document automatically?
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Context Mining
• Identification of context descriptions in a data stream which represents the observed user interaction
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Context-specific individual knowledge delivery
• Context = user, task, role, group, enterprise ...• Including 2nd level context, e.g. organizational objectives,
market situation ...
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Co-operative OM societies
• Real world requires not one single OM, but collections of several different OMs which need to interact. Societies of cooperating OMs require– ontology societies (to reach interaction / understanding on the
concept level, including networks of cooperative, dynamically evolving ontology agents
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Evolutionary & collaborative Knowledge Organization
• Investigation of collaboration aspects of Evolutionary Knowledge Organization
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Experience gathering
• Implicit knowledge elements are observed and identified by handling expertise in the context of work activities and subsequently made explicit
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Holistic retrieval
• Virtual information spaces are made accessible via data glove gestures and/or multi-dimensional cluster presentation.
• Focus on goal-directed visualization of knowledge/content characteristics– combine ideas of DAU and mind map concepts with virtual
reality– innovative approach to interaction with information spaces
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Individualized Business Associate
• Our long-term research remains in the context of enterprises. We attempt to realize individualized / individualizable assistent systems. Thus this long-term vision.
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Information squalls
• Dynamic presentation of information structures in 3D spatial visualizations in varying information dimensions– info dimensions might be freely configurable to suit individual
needs and relevance– are build upon knowledge/content features
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Interacting Ontologies
• Solution of complex reasoning tasks by exchange and interaction between ontologies, based on inter-agent communication.
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Knowledge Assessment Procedures
• Methodology to assess the value and/or quality of knowledge– cf. the approach/processes developed in the
MedCertain/MedCIRCLE projects
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Knowledge on the fly
• Necessary knowledge shall arrive ‘on ist own’ whenever and whereever it is needed
• No need for the user to search / browse
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Knowledge Quality Management
• Definition of suitable processes for knowledge quality management – Quality of Organizational Memories and Knowledge Elements shall
be assessed.
– How to define ‘value of knowledge?
– How to knowledge elements age?
– How to guarantee a level of quality for stored knowledge (according to some knowledge quality model)?
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Knowledge Quality Models
• Basis for Knowledge Quality Management• Which attributes can be used to describe knowledge quality?
– E.g. actuality, correctness, invariance wrt. context modifications - which equals transferrability, availability
• Which measurements do exist?• Precision/Recall• user feedback
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Living Organizational Memories
• Focus on the dynamic aspects of an OM:Situation-adapted oblivion, learning of new structures.– dynamic creation
– adaptation
– situation-specific access
– long-time maintenance
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Wide-Area Knowledge Services
• Transgression from individual and organizational memories to defined knowledge services which are offered across the world-wide web.
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Personal Adaptive Memory
• A personal assistant which continuously acquires and structures information and delivers them in situation-specific ways if needed.
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Personal Knowledge Representatives
• Personal, inter-connected systems which exchange individual knowledge in a useful way, thus generating new knowledge. The system acts as a personal representative (aka speaker) in questions of knowledge.
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Personal Knowledge Workspace
• The personal workspace (e.g. the PC) contains data and structures which reflect individual views, tasks, and information needs. By leveraging these into explicit representations of personal knowledge the personal knowledge workspace is created.
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Sharable Business Rules
• Enterprise-specific knowledge about information processing is explicitly coded in business rules. Standard formalisms (like RuleML) allow the exchange.
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Self-organizing Documents
• According to the actual user context, specific documents are created based on available collections and version managements (history).– The document adapts e.g. by hiding irrelevant parts according to
the actual need.
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Situated Knowledge Partners
• The combination of individual information support and automatic dialog / cooperation components results in a new vision of support for knowledge exploitation: autonomous components which are deeply integrated into concrete application contexts offer knowledge services and communicate both among themselves and with the user.
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Trend Scouting
• Meta level in ontology handling and maintenance:• Are there new concept lines to be identified?• Can we detect evolutionary directions?• What’s trendy?
• Analysis of document collections in order to identify current developments / trends
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
Trust signets
• Develop means to signal, guarantee, and enforce trust-worthiness of information elements and knowledge chunks– may include the investigation of methodologies to build up
trust between parties
back to the Roadmap
24.06.03
2002
2004
Fact/ConceptExtraction
Context inWeak Workflow
FormatNormalization
Conceptual Retrieval
Goal-SpecificAbstracting
Ad-Hoc/CollaborativeWork Organization
DocumentSimilarity Assessment
Self-OrganizingArchives
Knowledgee-Trading Platform
CollaborativeKnowledgeEvolution
UnintrusiveKnowledge Acquisition
EvolutionaryKnowledge Organization
Need-drivenKnowledge Exploitation
Technology Roadmap for the DFKI Department Knowledge Management 2002-2004
Communicating OntologyAgents
Text-supported Ontology Construction
Profile Observation & Learning Collaborative, Profile-
OrientedQuestion Answering
Virtual Enterprise EnvironmentExplication of Information
Needs
SustainableOntologies
Knowledge as Commodity
ContextIdentification by Observation
Attention-basedIndexing
24.06.03
2005
2009
2007
Knowledge Quality Models
UnintrusiveKnowledge Acquisition
Evolutionary & collaborativeKnowledge Organization
Need-drivenKnowledge Exploitation
IndividualizedBusiness Associate
Knowledge Quality Management
Adaptive OM Structuring
Living Organizational Memories
Individualized Task Assistant
Support for Dynamic Task Sequences
Co-operativeOM Societies
Context-Specific Individual Knowledge Delivery
Profile-Based Story Highlighting
Soft-Concept CapturingHypermedia
Fact Mining
Trend Scouting
Knowledge “On the Fly”
Confidentiality Assurance
Self-OrganizingDocuments
Technology Roadmap for the DFKI Department Knowledge Management 2005-2009
Collaborative Information RetrievalSharable
Business RulesConcept Negotiation
Wide-AreaKnowledge
ServicesInteracting Ontologies
Knowledge Assessment Procedures
Competence Mapping
Personal Knowledge Workspace
Personal Adaptive MemoryCompetence Craw
ler
Context Mining
Situated Knowledge Partners
Personal Knowledge Representatives
Competence Learner
24.06.03
UnintrusiveKnowledge Acquisition
EvolutionaryKnowledge organization
Need-driven Knowledge Exploitation
Profile-mapping and Profile-
merging with vague
concepts
Learning of Individual
Workflow
Pro-active Reasoning on
Formal and Informal
Structures
Utilization of Individual
Knowledge Workspaces
Formalization of User
Profiles, Task Models,and Information Needs
Configurable Generic
Analysis Modules &
Services
Models for Knowledge Life
Cycles
Handling of Cross-border
Knowledge
Metrics for Knowledge
Assessment
Multi-criteria Knowledge
Structuring
Methods for Successful Knowledge Management Introduction & Evaluation
Learning, Agent-based Ontology Negotiation, Automated Knowledge Exchange
Semantic Web Technologies, Web Service Applications, P2P
Research Roadmap for the DFKI Department Knowledge Management 2002-2009