PRODUCTION& OPTIMIZATION OF CITRIC ACID BYASPERGILLUS
NIGERUSING MAUSAMI WASTEA DISSERTATIONCarried out atRAPTURE
BIOTECH, NOIDASubmitted toDepartment of BiotechnologyInverti
Univerit!, B"rei##!, Utt"r Pr"$e%In partial fulfllment of the
requirement for the award of the degree ofBachelor of
TechnologyInBiotechnologySubmitted byNavjot Kaur
MatharuBT2011020Under the guidance ofDr& '!(ti'%"R")t*re
Bi(te+%, N(i$"C"n$i$"te, De+#"r"ti(nI hereby certify that the
dissertation entitled Pr($*+ti(n & O)ti-i."ti(nO/ Citri+ A+i$
B!Aspergillus NigerUin0 M"*"-i W"tewhich is beingsubmitted for the
partial fulfllment of the requirement for the award ofdegree of
Bachelor of Technology in Biotechnology is a record of myown work
carried out under the Supervision of Rapture Biotech,
Noida.Thematter presentedinthisdissertationhasnot
beensubmittedelsewhere for the award of any
degree/diploma.D"te1M"!,2345 N"v6(t 7"*r M"t%"r* P#"+e1
B"rei##!Thisistocertifythat theabovestatement
madebythecandidateiscorrect to be the best of my knowledge and
belief.r. !anjeev Ku"ar Maurya#.$. %&'RTM%NT $(
BI$T%)#N$*$+,Invertis Institute of Engineering and Technology
IIET!Invertis "niversity # $% & '( # )areilly*
'(+,'+"-!Inverti- .niver-ityepart"ent of Biotechnology$%*'(#
.ucknow*)areilly %ighway# )areilly*'++,'(# "-# Indiar. !anjeev
Ku"arMaurya /ssistant -rofessor%ead of 0epartment0epartment
of)iotechnology Email1san2eev.m3invertis.org-hone1 45(6+545+74TO
WHOM IT MAY CONCERNIt is certify thatM N"v6(t 7"*r M"t%"r*D/OMr
A-"r6eet Sin0%M"t%"r*is a student ofB&Te+% Bi(te+%n(#(0!final
year from Department ofBiotechnology, Invertis University,
Bareilly, UttarPradesh.M N"v6(t 7"*r M"t%"r* has done her
B&te+% 8i(te+%n(#(0! final Year dissertation wor with !apture
Biotech,"oida #U.P.$entitled%Pr($*+ti(n& O)ti-i."ti(n(/ Citri+
A+i$ B! Aspergillus Niger Uin0 M("-8ie W"teandsu&mitted in the
Department as a part of her course curriculum.r. !anjeev Ku"ar
Maurya#.$.%&'RTM%NT $( BI$T%)#N$*$+,Invertis Institute of
Engineering and Technology IIET!Invertis "niversity # $% & '( #
)areilly* '(+,'+"-!ABSTRACT'itric acid is one of the very important
commercial products with constant demand in themaret. 'itric acid
production &y fungi have &een reported &y many worers
since()(*.+he present studyfocusedonproductionof citric
acid&yAspergillus Niger&ysu&merged fermentation. +he
ma,or pro&lem that is to &e taen care of these days is
themanagement of wastes, which produce odor and soil pollution
which also represents a ma,orthreat for the food industry. -arlier
su&merged fermentation method was used to use
thesewastesandtoproducesomeuseful productsout ofthem. .owever,
&ecauseofseveraladvantagesover
thesu&mergedfermentationsuchassolidwastemanagement,
&iomassenergy conservation, production of high value products
and little ris of &acterialcontamination, the S(#i$ St"te
Fer-ent"ti(n 9SSF: method have recently gained
attentionusingagroresidues liesugarcane&agasse, coffeewasteof
foodprocessingindustriesincluding 'itrus limette #mosam&ie$
waste.It is an integral part of /re&s cycle and therefore plays
an essential role in the meta&olism ofallliving things.
0ppro1imately 234 ofthe world5s citricacid also maesit
usefulasapreservative. 6ince, many &acteria are una&le to
grow in an acidic environment citric acid isoften added to ,ams,
candies, ,ellies and even meat products as preservatives. +hese
days'itric 0cid is &eing produced &y using 667 method so
that food waste can also &e managed&y this and 'itric 0cid
which is used as flavoring agent in food industries can &e
produced,8e have chosen a fungal strain which was isolated from
soil contaminated with solid wastesandscreenedfor
citricacidproductionandit was
identified&yAspergillusNigerfromground soil. +he solid waste
su&strates mosam&ie peel cut into pieces and 94
methanol,:34 moisture level was maintained throughout the solid
state fermentation process for the'itric 0cid production from the
fungal culture. 0nd the &est result of 'itric acid got after
2days of fermentation.')KN$/*%+%M%NT!I wouldlietoe1press
mygratitude toall those whohave helpedme for
thecompletionofthispro,ect. IwanttothanMr&M"!"n;R"6B%"r$>.(
.istory of 'itric 0cid@=:>.> -1traction of 'itric 0cid from
citrus fruitsA>.* ;icro&ial production of 'itric acid
A>.9 YeastsA>.2 7ungi)=((>.@ .: Biochemistry of 'itric
0cid Production &y 0spergillusniger((=(> >.A 6olid state
fermentation(>=>(>.A.(0n Overview of 667 process(*=(9
>.A.>;icroorganism suita&le for 667(9=(2>.A.*
6u&strates used in 6olid state 7ermentation(2=(@>.A.9
+emperature(@=(:>.A.2-ffect of p. on 667 (:=(A>.A.@ ;oisture
(A >.A.:0pplication of 667 (A=>30N'12$TK'.R3 >.)'itric
0cid Production Process >3=>>>.).( 'ar&on 6ource
>3>.).> "itrogen 6ource >(>.).* -ffect of
temperature on the production of citric acid >(>.).9.-ffect
of ;oisture 'ontent >>*.O&,ectives >*9.;ethods and
;aterials >9=*( 9.( 6ample 'ollections >9 9.>6erial
Dilutions >99.*'ulture ;edia >2=>@9.9Isolation of 7ungal
Organisms >@=>:9.2 6creening for 'itric 0cid Production
>:=>[email protected] media for Production of 'itric 0cid
#g/ml$ >A=*3 9.:.'itric 0cid assay *3=*(2.!esult and Discussion
*>@.'onclusion **:.!eferences *9=*)>IST OF FIGURESFi0? 4&
Process of /re&5s cycleBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.BBBB..B..*Fi0?
2& 6erial Dilution of 6oil for fungal
cultureBBBBBBBB..BBBBB.BBBBB.BB>2Fi0? @& Potato De1trose
0gar #PD0$ ;ediaBBBBBBBBBB.BBBBBBBB.BBB..B>2Fi0? A& Potato
De1trose 0gar #PD0$ PlatesBBBBBBBBBB.BBBBBBBBBB...BB.>@Fi0?
5& 6treaed Plates for 7ungal :Fi0? B& ;i1ed culture of
fungal colonies for production of citric
acidBBBBBBBBBB..BBB..>:Fi0? C& Pure culture of fungal colony
for production of citric acidBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB>AFi0? D&
7ermentation of citric acid production using ;osam&ie
PeelsB.BBBBBBBBBBBBB.>)Fi0? E& 7ermented citric acid p.
measurementB.BBBBBBBBBBBBBB................................*3Fi0?43&
Pin pale color as
resultBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.....................*3*i-t of
!y"4ol- 5'44reviation-!. No !y"4ol Meaning, 8 -ercent'49 0egree
centigrade+ g :ram( mg ;icrogram< mol ;olar= cm 9entimeter6
9>'9arbon di o?ide7 9/ 9itric /cid5 >'>?ygen,4 @m
;icrometer,, mm ;illimeter,' ml ;illiliter,+. .iter,(kg
Ailogram,
