16 Decorative surfaces of accessories
and functional parts in the exterior and interior areas of automobiles
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Appendix to VDA Volume 16 3
rd revised edition 2016
Version October 17, 2016
Page Attribute definition / approach to defects
Page Attribute definition / approach to defects
3
Pos. 1: Offset
11
Pos. 28d: Polishing stains
Pos. 2: Burn marks
Pos. 29: Polishing fishes
Pos. 3: Bumps/dents
Pos. 30: Polishing streaks
Pos. 4a: Bubbles
Pos. 31: Pores
4
Pos. 4b: Craters
12
Pos. 32: Visible mold seams
Pos. 5: Impressions
Pos. 33: Chafe marks
Pos. 6: Cracks in anodized surface
Pos. 34: Web imprints
Pos. 7: Paint mist
Pos. 35: Streakiness
5
Pos. 8: Color shade differences
13
Pos. 36: Over-leveling
Pos. 9: Bulging edge
Pos. 37: Waviness
Pos. 10: Stains
Pos. 38a: Clouds/haziness/schlieren
Pos. 11: Mold separation burr
Pos. 38b: Humidity schlieren / air schlieren
6
Pos. 12: Gloss level deviation
14
Pos. 39: Layer thickness fluctuations
Pos. 13: Burr Pos. 40: Dips
Pos. 14: Graininess
Pos. 41: Converging seams
Pos. 15: Hair scratches
Pos. 42: Sucker impression
7
Pos. 16: Contact or fastening point
15
Pos. 43: Joint line
Pos. 17: Scratches / striae
Pos. 44: Humidity inclusion
Pos. 18: Running paint
Pos. 45: Open spots
Pos. 19: Paint lens
Pos. 46: Joint gap/offset
8
Pos. 20: Weak spots
16
Pos. 47: Putty repairs in wood
Pos. 21: Macro-fissures
Pos. 48: Nicking
Pos. 22: Pinpricks
Pos. 49: Differences in structure and texture
Pos. 23: Nickel halo
Pos. 50: Pressing folds
9
Pos. 24: Orange peel
17
Pos. 51: Paint residues
Pos. 25: Oxide lines
Pos. 52: Burns
Pos. 26: Pimples / inclusions
Pos. 53: Orientation defects
Pos. 27: Pigment defect Pos. 54: Mold separation edges
10
Pos. 28: Polishing defects, various
18
Pos. 55: Fabric irregularities
Pos. 28a: Specks
Pos. 56: Fabric warping/distortion
Pos. 28b: Clouding
Pos. 57: Resin edges
16 Decorative surfaces of add-on and functional parts in the exterior and interior areas of automobiles
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Appendix to VDA Volume 16 3
rd revised edition 2016
*) Process allocation: Page 2 of 33
1) Anodizing 2) Powder coating (EPS) 3) Liquid painting 4) Extruding 5) Injection molding 6) Galvanizing 7) Plasma processes (vapor-depositing, sputtering,
CVD, PVD) 8) Forming 9) Polishing 10) Assembly/packaging/handling 11) Primary material
12) Plastics processing 13) Processed wooden surfaces 14) Application processes (bonding of foil inserts,
embossing of decorative films) 15) Metal die-casting 16) Mechanical processing (e. g.
grinding/polishing/deburring/drilling/milling/joining, etc.)
17) Laser marking 18) Fiber composite technology (CFK) 19) Leather material characteristics 20) Leather cladding process 21) Inmolded color / colored injection molding
22) Printed surfaces 23) Ceran coating of anodized aluminum 24) Caulking (cold) / welding (hot) 25) Weaving / textile 26) SMC, partly in connection with IMC (for trucks) 27) Hand laminate (for trucks) 28) Silk screening on glass surfaces 29) Galvanized multi-component parts 30) Carpet processing, e. g. deep-drawing, etc. 31) Flocking 32) Stainless steel surface processing
Pos. 28c: Holograms
Pos. 58: Black points
Page Attribute definition / approach to defects
Page Attribute definition / approach to defects
19
Pos. 59: Fabric discoloration
27
Pos. 91: Fiber weave warping
Pos. 60: White spots
Pos. 92: Weaving depression
Pos. 61: Lack of resin
Pos. 93: Uneven surface
Pos. 62: Resin surplus
Pos. 94: Weaving lines
20
Pos. 63: Fiber splitting
28
Pos. 95: Weaving offset
Pos. 64: Fabric overlapping
Pos. 96: Dark fibers
Pos. 65: Missing fabric
Pos. 97: Fiber openings
Pos. 66: Fraying in fabric
Pos. 98: Incision
21
Pos. 67: Tool impression
29
Pos. 99: Gap
Pos. 68: Resin flaking
Pos. 100: Shadows (ghost marks)
Pos. 69: Structure
Pos. 101: Seam line
Pos. 70: Scars grown together
Pos. 102: Soiling in the surface
22
Pos. 71: Warts
30
Pos. 103: Grinding marks
Pos. 72: Hair pores
Pos. 104: Varnish runs
Pos. 73: Insect stings
Pos. 105: Fissures (cracks/chipping)
Pos. 74: Open pores
Pos. 106: Glossy spots
23
Pos. 75: Rough spots
31
Pos. 107: Pressure spots
Pos. 76: Neck striae
Pos. 108: Edge grinding defects
Pos. 77: Fat wrinkles
Pos. 109: Delamination (of edges)
Pos. 78: Veininess
Pos. 110: Resin defects
24
Pos. 79: Flank
Photos by kind permission of member companies in Working Group 16 Legal information
Despite all due diligence, errors cannot be entirely excluded.
Pos. 80: Loose leather
Pos. 81: Pressure spots
Pos. 82: Foreign objects
25 Pos. 83: Stains
Pos. 84: Glue residues
16 Decorative surfaces of add-on and functional parts in the exterior and interior areas of automobiles
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Appendix to VDA Volume 16 3
rd revised edition 2016
*) Process allocation: Page 3 of 33
1) Anodizing 2) Powder coating (EPS) 3) Liquid painting 4) Extruding 5) Injection molding 6) Galvanizing 7) Plasma processes (vapor-depositing, sputtering,
CVD, PVD) 8) Forming 9) Polishing 10) Assembly/packaging/handling 11) Primary material
12) Plastics processing 13) Processed wooden surfaces 14) Application processes (bonding of foil inserts,
embossing of decorative films) 15) Metal die-casting 16) Mechanical processing (e. g.
grinding/polishing/deburring/drilling/milling/joining, etc.)
17) Laser marking 18) Fiber composite technology (CFK) 19) Leather material characteristics 20) Leather cladding process 21) Inmolded color / colored injection molding
22) Printed surfaces 23) Ceran coating of anodized aluminum 24) Caulking (cold) / welding (hot) 25) Weaving / textile 26) SMC, partly in connection with IMC (for trucks) 27) Hand laminate (for trucks) 28) Silk screening on glass surfaces 29) Galvanized multi-component parts 30) Carpet processing, e. g. deep-drawing, etc. 31) Flocking 32) Stainless steel surface processing
Pos. 85: Leather damaged In the event of inconsistencies, the printed edition of
VDA Volume 16 shall be conclusive. The contents of these pages are protected by copyright. Responsible for contents and technical realization: Verband der Automobilindustrie e.V. (VDA) Qualitäts Management Center (QMC) Behrenstr. 35 10117 Berlin, Germany www.vda-qmc.de
Pos. 86: Leather folds
26
Pos. 87: Leather too short
Pos. 88: Leather too long
Pos. 89: Transition panel-to-leather
Pos. 90: Fiber inclusions
16 Decorative surfaces of add-on and functional parts in the exterior and interior areas of automobiles
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Appendix to VDA Volume 16 3
rd revised edition 2016
*) Process allocation: Page 4 of 33
1) Anodizing 2) Powder coating (EPS) 3) Liquid painting 4) Extruding 5) Injection molding 6) Galvanizing 7) Plasma processes (vapor-depositing, sputtering,
CVD, PVD) 8) Forming 9) Polishing 10) Assembly/packaging/handling 11) Primary material
12) Plastics processing 13) Processed wooden surfaces 14) Application processes (bonding of foil inserts,
embossing of decorative films) 15) Metal die-casting 16) Mechanical processing (e. g.
grinding/polishing/deburring/drilling/milling/joining, etc.)
17) Laser marking 18) Fiber composite technology (CFK) 19) Leather material characteristics 20) Leather cladding process 21) Inmolded color / colored injection molding
22) Printed surfaces 23) Ceran coating of anodized aluminum 24) Caulking (cold) / welding (hot) 25) Weaving / textile 26) SMC, partly in connection with IMC (for trucks) 27) Hand laminate (for trucks) 28) Silk screening on glass surfaces 29) Galvanized multi-component parts 30) Carpet processing, e. g. deep-drawing, etc. 31) Flocking 32) Stainless steel surface processing
Pos. 1 Offset
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Offset due to joining of parts (e. g. by vulcanization or injection molding).
Process allocation: 5, 8, 12, 13, 15
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: visible and palpable +/- 0.3 mm
Zone B: +/- 0.7 mm
Pos. 2
Burn marks
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Dull-crumbly surface structure due to dendritic depositions in the limit current area (in pronounced form, called buds)
Process allocation: 1, 6
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 3
Bumps/dents
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Indentation of an area, caused by strong pressure.
Process allocation: 6, 8 -16
Examples for tolerable attribute levels:
Zone A: if visible within distance >= 800 mm, not permissible
Zone B: if visible within distance >= 1200 mm, not permissible.
Pos. 4a
Bubbles
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: mostly round, uniform elevations (hollow inside)
Process allocation: 2, 3, 6, 7, 13
Examples for tolerable attribute levels:
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
16 Decorative surfaces of add-on and functional parts in the exterior and interior areas of automobiles
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Appendix to VDA Volume 16 3
rd revised edition 2016
*) Process allocation: Page 5 of 33
1) Anodizing 2) Powder coating (EPS) 3) Liquid painting 4) Extruding 5) Injection molding 6) Galvanizing 7) Plasma processes (vapor-depositing, sputtering,
CVD, PVD) 8) Forming 9) Polishing 10) Assembly/packaging/handling 11) Primary material
12) Plastics processing 13) Processed wooden surfaces 14) Application processes (bonding of foil inserts,
embossing of decorative films) 15) Metal die-casting 16) Mechanical processing (e. g.
grinding/polishing/deburring/drilling/milling/joining, etc.)
17) Laser marking 18) Fiber composite technology (CFK) 19) Leather material characteristics 20) Leather cladding process 21) Inmolded color / colored injection molding
22) Printed surfaces 23) Ceran coating of anodized aluminum 24) Caulking (cold) / welding (hot) 25) Weaving / textile 26) SMC, partly in connection with IMC (for trucks) 27) Hand laminate (for trucks) 28) Silk screening on glass surfaces 29) Galvanized multi-component parts 30) Carpet processing, e. g. deep-drawing, etc. 31) Flocking 32) Stainless steel surface processing
Pos. 4b Craters
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: mostly circular, crater-like depressions in the topcoat or precoats. The raised edges are typical.
Process allocation: 2, 3, 6, 7, 13
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 5
Impressions
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Slight depressions, randomly distributed over the surface, or in a closely confined area, due to impressed foreign particles.
Process allocation: 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 16
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: d<= 0.7 mm max. 2 impressions within 400 mm distance
Zone B: d<= 1.0 mm max. 4 impressions within 300 mm distance
Pos. 6
Cracks in anodized surface
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Micro-fissures; small linear structures in the anodized layer, caused by excessive local deformation of the part, or excessive layer thickness built up during anodizing.
Process allocation: 1
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 7
Paint mist
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Paint droplets finely sprayed on the surface, not homogeneously embedded in the paint film or distributed across the paint film.
Process allocation: 3, 13
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: permissible
16 Decorative surfaces of add-on and functional parts in the exterior and interior areas of automobiles
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Appendix to VDA Volume 16 3
rd revised edition 2016
*) Process allocation: Page 6 of 33
1) Anodizing 2) Powder coating (EPS) 3) Liquid painting 4) Extruding 5) Injection molding 6) Galvanizing 7) Plasma processes (vapor-depositing, sputtering,
CVD, PVD) 8) Forming 9) Polishing 10) Assembly/packaging/handling 11) Primary material
12) Plastics processing 13) Processed wooden surfaces 14) Application processes (bonding of foil inserts,
embossing of decorative films) 15) Metal die-casting 16) Mechanical processing (e. g.
grinding/polishing/deburring/drilling/milling/joining, etc.)
17) Laser marking 18) Fiber composite technology (CFK) 19) Leather material characteristics 20) Leather cladding process 21) Inmolded color / colored injection molding
22) Printed surfaces 23) Ceran coating of anodized aluminum 24) Caulking (cold) / welding (hot) 25) Weaving / textile 26) SMC, partly in connection with IMC (for trucks) 27) Hand laminate (for trucks) 28) Silk screening on glass surfaces 29) Galvanized multi-component parts 30) Carpet processing, e. g. deep-drawing, etc. 31) Flocking 32) Stainless steel surface processing
Pos. 8 Color shade differences
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Color shade difference of a surface compared to adjoining surface or reference sample. This results from:
a) due to material b) due to process
c) sensory perception: saturation, brightness, purity, glossiness, depth and surface structure
Process allocation: 2, 3, 6, 13
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: Deviation according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 9
Bulging edge
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Accumulation of paint layers (bulge formation) on part edges, caused e. g. by surface tension. The effect is primarily correlated to the edge radius or with the position of the part in the process.
Process allocation: 2, 3, 6, 13
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: permissible
Pos. 10
Stains
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Locally sharply demarcated cloudiness of surface (e. g. soiling/corrosion (point-shaped or nest-shaped), drying stains)
Process allocation: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 13
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: not permissible
Zone B: not permissible
Pos. 11
Mold separation burr
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Burr that may be caused by inaccurate fit of mold halves or slides (e. g. sprue residues on injection-molded parts), sometimes also by wear, overflow.
Process allocation: 5, 6, 13
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: max. +0.3 mm
Zone B: max. +0.5 mm
16 Decorative surfaces of add-on and functional parts in the exterior and interior areas of automobiles
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Appendix to VDA Volume 16 3
rd revised edition 2016
*) Process allocation: Page 7 of 33
1) Anodizing 2) Powder coating (EPS) 3) Liquid painting 4) Extruding 5) Injection molding 6) Galvanizing 7) Plasma processes (vapor-depositing, sputtering,
CVD, PVD) 8) Forming 9) Polishing 10) Assembly/packaging/handling 11) Primary material
12) Plastics processing 13) Processed wooden surfaces 14) Application processes (bonding of foil inserts,
embossing of decorative films) 15) Metal die-casting 16) Mechanical processing (e. g.
grinding/polishing/deburring/drilling/milling/joining, etc.)
17) Laser marking 18) Fiber composite technology (CFK) 19) Leather material characteristics 20) Leather cladding process 21) Inmolded color / colored injection molding
22) Printed surfaces 23) Ceran coating of anodized aluminum 24) Caulking (cold) / welding (hot) 25) Weaving / textile 26) SMC, partly in connection with IMC (for trucks) 27) Hand laminate (for trucks) 28) Silk screening on glass surfaces 29) Galvanized multi-component parts 30) Carpet processing, e. g. deep-drawing, etc. 31) Flocking 32) Stainless steel surface processing
Pos. 12 Gloss level deviation
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Gloss level deviating from (original) sample or specified value on partial or complete areas.
Process allocation: 1, 3, 6, 7, 13
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 13
Burr
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Sharp-edged structure of edge zones from earlier process (e. g. punch burr at cut edge, paint burr)
Process allocation: 2, 3, 5, 8, 15
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 14
Graininess
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Visually perceived optical effect that may result from diffuse reflection on microstructure phases (e. g. etched grain boundaries).
Process allocation: 1, 3, 6
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 15
Hair scratches
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Linear damages of finest structure.
Process allocation: 3, 6, 10, 13
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
16 Decorative surfaces of add-on and functional parts in the exterior and interior areas of automobiles
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Appendix to VDA Volume 16 3
rd revised edition 2016
*) Process allocation: Page 8 of 33
1) Anodizing 2) Powder coating (EPS) 3) Liquid painting 4) Extruding 5) Injection molding 6) Galvanizing 7) Plasma processes (vapor-depositing, sputtering,
CVD, PVD) 8) Forming 9) Polishing 10) Assembly/packaging/handling 11) Primary material
12) Plastics processing 13) Processed wooden surfaces 14) Application processes (bonding of foil inserts,
embossing of decorative films) 15) Metal die-casting 16) Mechanical processing (e. g.
grinding/polishing/deburring/drilling/milling/joining, etc.)
17) Laser marking 18) Fiber composite technology (CFK) 19) Leather material characteristics 20) Leather cladding process 21) Inmolded color / colored injection molding
22) Printed surfaces 23) Ceran coating of anodized aluminum 24) Caulking (cold) / welding (hot) 25) Weaving / textile 26) SMC, partly in connection with IMC (for trucks) 27) Hand laminate (for trucks) 28) Silk screening on glass surfaces 29) Galvanized multi-component parts 30) Carpet processing, e. g. deep-drawing, etc. 31) Flocking 32) Stainless steel surface processing
Pos. 16 Contact or fastening point
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Small-sized, naked coating defect, mostly point-shaped (in non-visible area), caused by suspension clamps / contacting at rack / part carrier).
Process allocation: 1, 2, 6, 7
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 17
Scratches / striae
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Linear damages by incorrect handling (e. g. by demolding).
Process allocation: 5, 6, 8, 10, 13, 16
Examples for tolerable attribute levels (lengthwise)
Zone A: l <= 4mm, b <= 0.5mm, max. 2 scratches within 300 mm distance
Zone B: l <= 10mm, b<= 0.7mm, max. 4 scratches within 200 mm distance
Examples for tolerable attribute levels (crosswise)
Zone A: not permissible
Zone B: not permissible
Pos. 18
Running paint
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Traces of paint running off in the topcoat or in a precoat on vertical surfaces (mostly around beadings, curvatures, folds or cut-outs).
Process allocation: 2, 3, 13
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: not permissible
Zone B: permissible
Pos. 19
Paint lens
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Optical distortion / progression defect of paint surface that is not detectable by touch; running paint in its initial stadium.
Process allocation: 2, 3, 13
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
16 Decorative surfaces of add-on and functional parts in the exterior and interior areas of automobiles
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Appendix to VDA Volume 16 3
rd revised edition 2016
*) Process allocation: Page 9 of 33
1) Anodizing 2) Powder coating (EPS) 3) Liquid painting 4) Extruding 5) Injection molding 6) Galvanizing 7) Plasma processes (vapor-depositing, sputtering,
CVD, PVD) 8) Forming 9) Polishing 10) Assembly/packaging/handling 11) Primary material
12) Plastics processing 13) Processed wooden surfaces 14) Application processes (bonding of foil inserts,
embossing of decorative films) 15) Metal die-casting 16) Mechanical processing (e. g.
grinding/polishing/deburring/drilling/milling/joining, etc.)
17) Laser marking 18) Fiber composite technology (CFK) 19) Leather material characteristics 20) Leather cladding process 21) Inmolded color / colored injection molding
22) Printed surfaces 23) Ceran coating of anodized aluminum 24) Caulking (cold) / welding (hot) 25) Weaving / textile 26) SMC, partly in connection with IMC (for trucks) 27) Hand laminate (for trucks) 28) Silk screening on glass surfaces 29) Galvanized multi-component parts 30) Carpet processing, e. g. deep-drawing, etc. 31) Flocking 32) Stainless steel surface processing
Pos. 20 Weak spots
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Too little coating applied (substrate shining through).
Process allocation: 2, 3, 7, 13
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: not permissible
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 21
Macro-fissures
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Fissures in electroplated layer due to deformation or tensions in the part.
Process allocation: 1, 6
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 22
Pinpricks
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Finest craters (see Pos. 4b), also micro-pores.
Process allocation: 2, 3, 6, 7, 13
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: An accumulation of <= 5 pinpricks on 4 cm² is permissible
Zone B: Pinpricks permissible
Pos. 23
Nickel halo
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Yellowish spots in contact area and in the area of low current density.
Process allocation: 6
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
16 Decorative surfaces of add-on and functional parts in the exterior and interior areas of automobiles
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Appendix to VDA Volume 16 3
rd revised edition 2016
*) Process allocation: Page 10 of 33
1) Anodizing 2) Powder coating (EPS) 3) Liquid painting 4) Extruding 5) Injection molding 6) Galvanizing 7) Plasma processes (vapor-depositing, sputtering,
CVD, PVD) 8) Forming 9) Polishing 10) Assembly/packaging/handling 11) Primary material
12) Plastics processing 13) Processed wooden surfaces 14) Application processes (bonding of foil inserts,
embossing of decorative films) 15) Metal die-casting 16) Mechanical processing (e. g.
grinding/polishing/deburring/drilling/milling/joining, etc.)
17) Laser marking 18) Fiber composite technology (CFK) 19) Leather material characteristics 20) Leather cladding process 21) Inmolded color / colored injection molding
22) Printed surfaces 23) Ceran coating of anodized aluminum 24) Caulking (cold) / welding (hot) 25) Weaving / textile 26) SMC, partly in connection with IMC (for trucks) 27) Hand laminate (for trucks) 28) Silk screening on glass surfaces 29) Galvanized multi-component parts 30) Carpet processing, e. g. deep-drawing, etc. 31) Flocking 32) Stainless steel surface processing
Pos. 24 Orange peel
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Rough or wavy appearance of a painted surface, which may include a texture; grained paint surface with a structure resembling orange peel.
Process allocation: 2, 3, 6, 13
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: Fine structure permissible according to MTP sample regarding degree and area percentage
Zone B: coarse structure permissible according to MTP sample regarding degree and area percentage
Pos. 25
Oxide lines
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Designation: Stripes caused by oxide inclusions (oxide inclusions, oxide lines) Description and effects: Lines resembling pencil strokes (white to gray) in molding direction or rolling direction, more or less pronounced depending on type and quantity of trapped oxides.
Process allocation: 11
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: within distance of >= 800 mm, structures not permissible
Zone B: within distance of >= 1200mm, structures not permissible
Pos. 26
Pimples / inclusions
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Impurities trapped in the surface such as dust or fluff, partly protruding from the coating, or growth impairment in the layer buildup.
Process allocation: 1, -7, 15
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: see Section 10.2
Zone B: see Section 10.2
Pos. 27
Pigment defect
16 Decorative surfaces of add-on and functional parts in the exterior and interior areas of automobiles
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Appendix to VDA Volume 16 3
rd revised edition 2016
*) Process allocation: Page 11 of 33
1) Anodizing 2) Powder coating (EPS) 3) Liquid painting 4) Extruding 5) Injection molding 6) Galvanizing 7) Plasma processes (vapor-depositing, sputtering,
CVD, PVD) 8) Forming 9) Polishing 10) Assembly/packaging/handling 11) Primary material
12) Plastics processing 13) Processed wooden surfaces 14) Application processes (bonding of foil inserts,
embossing of decorative films) 15) Metal die-casting 16) Mechanical processing (e. g.
grinding/polishing/deburring/drilling/milling/joining, etc.)
17) Laser marking 18) Fiber composite technology (CFK) 19) Leather material characteristics 20) Leather cladding process 21) Inmolded color / colored injection molding
22) Printed surfaces 23) Ceran coating of anodized aluminum 24) Caulking (cold) / welding (hot) 25) Weaving / textile 26) SMC, partly in connection with IMC (for trucks) 27) Hand laminate (for trucks) 28) Silk screening on glass surfaces 29) Galvanized multi-component parts 30) Carpet processing, e. g. deep-drawing, etc. 31) Flocking 32) Stainless steel surface processing
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Disorientation of pigments, such as e. g. metal flakes.
Process allocation: 2, 3
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 28 Polishing defects, various
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Collective category for low percentages of defects, or rare types of defects. Specks: Polygonal stain areas by abrasion residues being polished in Clouding: Resulting after electrolytic polishing by excessive local heating (“no base polishing”, i. e. surface not fully polished) Holograms: Polishing defects with three-dimensional effect (esp. with dark colors) Polishing stains: Approximately circular areas with significantly
smoother surface than surroundings
Process allocation: 6, 9, 13, 16
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: if visible within distance >= 800mm, not permissible
Zone B: if visible within distance >= 1200 mm, not permissible
Pos. 28a
Specks
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Polygonal stain areas by abrasion residues being polished in.
Process allocation:
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 28b
Clouding
No image available
16 Decorative surfaces of add-on and functional parts in the exterior and interior areas of automobiles
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Appendix to VDA Volume 16 3
rd revised edition 2016
*) Process allocation: Page 12 of 33
1) Anodizing 2) Powder coating (EPS) 3) Liquid painting 4) Extruding 5) Injection molding 6) Galvanizing 7) Plasma processes (vapor-depositing, sputtering,
CVD, PVD) 8) Forming 9) Polishing 10) Assembly/packaging/handling 11) Primary material
12) Plastics processing 13) Processed wooden surfaces 14) Application processes (bonding of foil inserts,
embossing of decorative films) 15) Metal die-casting 16) Mechanical processing (e. g.
grinding/polishing/deburring/drilling/milling/joining, etc.)
17) Laser marking 18) Fiber composite technology (CFK) 19) Leather material characteristics 20) Leather cladding process 21) Inmolded color / colored injection molding
22) Printed surfaces 23) Ceran coating of anodized aluminum 24) Caulking (cold) / welding (hot) 25) Weaving / textile 26) SMC, partly in connection with IMC (for trucks) 27) Hand laminate (for trucks) 28) Silk screening on glass surfaces 29) Galvanized multi-component parts 30) Carpet processing, e. g. deep-drawing, etc. 31) Flocking 32) Stainless steel surface processing
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Resulting after electrolytic polishing by excessive local heating (“no base polishing”, i. e. surface not fully polished)
Process allocation:
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 28c
Holograms
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Polishing defects with three-dimensional effect (esp. with dark colors)
Process allocation:
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 28d Polishing stains (here: buffed too hot)
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Approximately circular areas with significantly smoother surface than surroundings
Process allocation:
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 29
Polishing fishes
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: “Fish-like” depression caused by polishing due to a foreign particle, a pore, or other preconditioning from previous processes (e. g. grinding).
Process allocation: 6, 9, 11, 13
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: t <= 0.3 mm, b <= 2.5 mm, l < 5 mm max. 2 within 400 mm distance
Zone B: t <= 0.5 mm, b max. 3 mm, l <= 8 mm max. 4 within 300 mm distance
Polishing streaks
16 Decorative surfaces of add-on and functional parts in the exterior and interior areas of automobiles
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Appendix to VDA Volume 16 3
rd revised edition 2016
*) Process allocation: Page 13 of 33
1) Anodizing 2) Powder coating (EPS) 3) Liquid painting 4) Extruding 5) Injection molding 6) Galvanizing 7) Plasma processes (vapor-depositing, sputtering,
CVD, PVD) 8) Forming 9) Polishing 10) Assembly/packaging/handling 11) Primary material
12) Plastics processing 13) Processed wooden surfaces 14) Application processes (bonding of foil inserts,
embossing of decorative films) 15) Metal die-casting 16) Mechanical processing (e. g.
grinding/polishing/deburring/drilling/milling/joining, etc.)
17) Laser marking 18) Fiber composite technology (CFK) 19) Leather material characteristics 20) Leather cladding process 21) Inmolded color / colored injection molding
22) Printed surfaces 23) Ceran coating of anodized aluminum 24) Caulking (cold) / welding (hot) 25) Weaving / textile 26) SMC, partly in connection with IMC (for trucks) 27) Hand laminate (for trucks) 28) Silk screening on glass surfaces 29) Galvanized multi-component parts 30) Carpet processing, e. g. deep-drawing, etc. 31) Flocking 32) Stainless steel surface processing
Pos. 30
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Finest local accumulation of visible striae, caused by polishing (unfavorable selection of polishing paste and/or polishing disk)
Process allocation: 6, 9, 13, 16
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: l <= 60 mm, b <= 0.5 mm, max. 6 within 300 mm distance
Zone B: l <= 80 mm, b <= 3 mm, max. 10 within 200 mm distance
Pos. 31
Pores
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Holes in the coating surface, visible by naked eye, some of which may go down to the base material.
Process allocation: 2, 3, 6, 13, 15
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: see Section 10.2
Zone B: see Section 10.2
Pos. 32 Visible mold seams
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Designation: Visible longitudinal mold seam (visible extrusion seam, visible welding zone) Description and effect: (Narrow) stripes in direction of extrusion, brighter or darker than the rest of the material, depending on lighting conditions. May occur in connection with chamber/web imprints. Visible longitudinal mold seams are process-related and unavoidable, but their degree can be influenced.
Process allocation: 4, 8
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
16 Decorative surfaces of add-on and functional parts in the exterior and interior areas of automobiles
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Appendix to VDA Volume 16 3
rd revised edition 2016
*) Process allocation: Page 14 of 33
1) Anodizing 2) Powder coating (EPS) 3) Liquid painting 4) Extruding 5) Injection molding 6) Galvanizing 7) Plasma processes (vapor-depositing, sputtering,
CVD, PVD) 8) Forming 9) Polishing 10) Assembly/packaging/handling 11) Primary material
12) Plastics processing 13) Processed wooden surfaces 14) Application processes (bonding of foil inserts,
embossing of decorative films) 15) Metal die-casting 16) Mechanical processing (e. g.
grinding/polishing/deburring/drilling/milling/joining, etc.)
17) Laser marking 18) Fiber composite technology (CFK) 19) Leather material characteristics 20) Leather cladding process 21) Inmolded color / colored injection molding
22) Printed surfaces 23) Ceran coating of anodized aluminum 24) Caulking (cold) / welding (hot) 25) Weaving / textile 26) SMC, partly in connection with IMC (for trucks) 27) Hand laminate (for trucks) 28) Silk screening on glass surfaces 29) Galvanized multi-component parts 30) Carpet processing, e. g. deep-drawing, etc. 31) Flocking 32) Stainless steel surface processing
Pos. 33 Chafe marks
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Local roughening of the surface, mostly obvious by differences in gloss.
Process allocation: 6, 10, 13, 15
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: not permissible
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 34
Web imprints (linear markings - rolling groove)
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Stripes running parallel to the direction of extrusion across the length of the profile, usually located above webs, that become particularly apparent after coating processes.
Process allocation: 4, 6, 8, 15
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: if visible within distance >= 800 mm, not permissible
Zone B: if visible within distance >= 1200 mm, not permissible
Pos. 35
Streakiness
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Liquation streaks; electro-potentiostatic effect, caused during pretreatment for anodization due to liquation in primary material.
Process allocation: 8, 11
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 36 Over-leveling
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Slightly scarred appearance of an electroplated surface; comparable to the orange-peel attribute on painted surfaces.
Process allocation: 6
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
No image available
16 Decorative surfaces of add-on and functional parts in the exterior and interior areas of automobiles
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Appendix to VDA Volume 16 3
rd revised edition 2016
*) Process allocation: Page 15 of 33
1) Anodizing 2) Powder coating (EPS) 3) Liquid painting 4) Extruding 5) Injection molding 6) Galvanizing 7) Plasma processes (vapor-depositing, sputtering,
CVD, PVD) 8) Forming 9) Polishing 10) Assembly/packaging/handling 11) Primary material
12) Plastics processing 13) Processed wooden surfaces 14) Application processes (bonding of foil inserts,
embossing of decorative films) 15) Metal die-casting 16) Mechanical processing (e. g.
grinding/polishing/deburring/drilling/milling/joining, etc.)
17) Laser marking 18) Fiber composite technology (CFK) 19) Leather material characteristics 20) Leather cladding process 21) Inmolded color / colored injection molding
22) Printed surfaces 23) Ceran coating of anodized aluminum 24) Caulking (cold) / welding (hot) 25) Weaving / textile 26) SMC, partly in connection with IMC (for trucks) 27) Hand laminate (for trucks) 28) Silk screening on glass surfaces 29) Galvanized multi-component parts 30) Carpet processing, e. g. deep-drawing, etc. 31) Flocking 32) Stainless steel surface processing
Pos. 37 Waviness
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Wave-shaped, parallel markings on the sheet metal or profile surface, transversely to the direction of rolling or extrusion, that are visible in special observation positions (e. g. rear mirror view, deflectometry control in longitudinal direction under a very narrow viewing angle).
Process allocation: 6, 8, 9, 11, 13, 16
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: Not permitted if the following conditions apply:
Part in installation position
Artificial light source 1.2 m above test object
Distance observer to test object 2.5 m +/- 0.5 m
Viewing direction 20°-45° to longitudinal vehicle axis under static observation
Zone B: visible within distance of >= 4 m not permitted if evaluated according to Zone A
Pos. 38a
Clouds/haziness/schlieren
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: In polishing: Local matte or dull cloud-shaped or stripe-shaped areas with diffuse transitions (process allocation 9)
In painting: Obvious partial light/dark areas within a (metallic-effect) paint, with diffuse transitions (process allocation 3)
Dull areas within the overall surface, with diffuse transitions (process allocation 6, 7)
Process allocation: 3, 6, 7, 9, 13
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 38b
Humidity schlieren / air schlieren
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: In plastic injection: Caused by humidity in the plastic material, or by trapped air during injection molding.
Process allocation: 9, 12
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
16 Decorative surfaces of add-on and functional parts in the exterior and interior areas of automobiles
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Appendix to VDA Volume 16 3
rd revised edition 2016
*) Process allocation: Page 16 of 33
1) Anodizing 2) Powder coating (EPS) 3) Liquid painting 4) Extruding 5) Injection molding 6) Galvanizing 7) Plasma processes (vapor-depositing, sputtering,
CVD, PVD) 8) Forming 9) Polishing 10) Assembly/packaging/handling 11) Primary material
12) Plastics processing 13) Processed wooden surfaces 14) Application processes (bonding of foil inserts,
embossing of decorative films) 15) Metal die-casting 16) Mechanical processing (e. g.
grinding/polishing/deburring/drilling/milling/joining, etc.)
17) Laser marking 18) Fiber composite technology (CFK) 19) Leather material characteristics 20) Leather cladding process 21) Inmolded color / colored injection molding
22) Printed surfaces 23) Ceran coating of anodized aluminum 24) Caulking (cold) / welding (hot) 25) Weaving / textile 26) SMC, partly in connection with IMC (for trucks) 27) Hand laminate (for trucks) 28) Silk screening on glass surfaces 29) Galvanized multi-component parts 30) Carpet processing, e. g. deep-drawing, etc. 31) Flocking 32) Stainless steel surface processing
Pos. 39 Layer thickness fluctuations
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: In electroplating, resulting from unfavorable current density distribution (process allocation 6), or in other processes from varying particle flows / angles of incidence or depositing conditions.
Process allocation: 2, 3, 6
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 40
Dips
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Visible surface depressions, caused by elements located behind, such as webs, ribs and domes (process allocation 6)
Recessed areas on the part, caused by incorrect part geometry or insufficient shrinkage compensation (process allocation 12)
Process allocation: 6, 12, 13, 15
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 41
Converging seams
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Scratch-like, visible flow marks on plastic parts, where the flowing fronts meet.
Process allocation: 6, 13, 15
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 42
Sucker impression
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Resulting from contact of the surface with rubber suckers; visible mark on the surface, caused by deposits from the sucker during demolding/removal of the part.
Process allocation: 3, 6, 12, 15, 16
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
16 Decorative surfaces of add-on and functional parts in the exterior and interior areas of automobiles
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Appendix to VDA Volume 16 3
rd revised edition 2016
*) Process allocation: Page 17 of 33
1) Anodizing 2) Powder coating (EPS) 3) Liquid painting 4) Extruding 5) Injection molding 6) Galvanizing 7) Plasma processes (vapor-depositing, sputtering,
CVD, PVD) 8) Forming 9) Polishing 10) Assembly/packaging/handling 11) Primary material
12) Plastics processing 13) Processed wooden surfaces 14) Application processes (bonding of foil inserts,
embossing of decorative films) 15) Metal die-casting 16) Mechanical processing (e. g.
grinding/polishing/deburring/drilling/milling/joining, etc.)
17) Laser marking 18) Fiber composite technology (CFK) 19) Leather material characteristics 20) Leather cladding process 21) Inmolded color / colored injection molding
22) Printed surfaces 23) Ceran coating of anodized aluminum 24) Caulking (cold) / welding (hot) 25) Weaving / textile 26) SMC, partly in connection with IMC (for trucks) 27) Hand laminate (for trucks) 28) Silk screening on glass surfaces 29) Galvanized multi-component parts 30) Carpet processing, e. g. deep-drawing, etc. 31) Flocking 32) Stainless steel surface processing
Pos. 43 Joint line
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Resulting from two mass flows flowing together behind cut-outs and mandrels (convergence line).
Process allocation: 12, 13, 15
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 44
Humidity inclusion
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Humid material, caused by incorrect material preparation; expanding humidity condenses in the form of schlieren or small bubbles on the part surface.
Process allocation: 2, 5, 12, 13
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: not permissible
Zone B: permissible according to MTP sample
Pos. 45
Open spots
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Holes in the coating surface that go down to the base material, visible by naked eye.
Process allocation: 6
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 46
Joint gap/offset
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Joint gap: Caused by incorrect joining of the face veneer / visible streak or line. Joint offset: Caused by incorrect joining of the face veneer / offset structural symmetry.
Process allocation: 13
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: permissible
No image available
No image available
16 Decorative surfaces of add-on and functional parts in the exterior and interior areas of automobiles
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Appendix to VDA Volume 16 3
rd revised edition 2016
*) Process allocation: Page 18 of 33
1) Anodizing 2) Powder coating (EPS) 3) Liquid painting 4) Extruding 5) Injection molding 6) Galvanizing 7) Plasma processes (vapor-depositing, sputtering,
CVD, PVD) 8) Forming 9) Polishing 10) Assembly/packaging/handling 11) Primary material
12) Plastics processing 13) Processed wooden surfaces 14) Application processes (bonding of foil inserts,
embossing of decorative films) 15) Metal die-casting 16) Mechanical processing (e. g.
grinding/polishing/deburring/drilling/milling/joining, etc.)
17) Laser marking 18) Fiber composite technology (CFK) 19) Leather material characteristics 20) Leather cladding process 21) Inmolded color / colored injection molding
22) Printed surfaces 23) Ceran coating of anodized aluminum 24) Caulking (cold) / welding (hot) 25) Weaving / textile 26) SMC, partly in connection with IMC (for trucks) 27) Hand laminate (for trucks) 28) Silk screening on glass surfaces 29) Galvanized multi-component parts 30) Carpet processing, e. g. deep-drawing, etc. 31) Flocking 32) Stainless steel surface processing
Pos. 47 Putty repairs in wood
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Due to missing pieces, holes, and cracks.
Process allocation: 13
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: permissible
Pos. 48
Nicking
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Caused by damages by the knife during peeling.
Process allocation: 13
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: not permissible
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 49
Differences in structure and texture
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Irregular structure, branches, pattern too weak; caused by nature.
Process allocation: 13
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: permissible
Pos. 50
Pressing folds
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: visible lines; overlapping of material.
Process allocation: 13
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: permissible
16 Decorative surfaces of add-on and functional parts in the exterior and interior areas of automobiles
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Appendix to VDA Volume 16 3
rd revised edition 2016
*) Process allocation: Page 19 of 33
1) Anodizing 2) Powder coating (EPS) 3) Liquid painting 4) Extruding 5) Injection molding 6) Galvanizing 7) Plasma processes (vapor-depositing, sputtering,
CVD, PVD) 8) Forming 9) Polishing 10) Assembly/packaging/handling 11) Primary material
12) Plastics processing 13) Processed wooden surfaces 14) Application processes (bonding of foil inserts,
embossing of decorative films) 15) Metal die-casting 16) Mechanical processing (e. g.
grinding/polishing/deburring/drilling/milling/joining, etc.)
17) Laser marking 18) Fiber composite technology (CFK) 19) Leather material characteristics 20) Leather cladding process 21) Inmolded color / colored injection molding
22) Printed surfaces 23) Ceran coating of anodized aluminum 24) Caulking (cold) / welding (hot) 25) Weaving / textile 26) SMC, partly in connection with IMC (for trucks) 27) Hand laminate (for trucks) 28) Silk screening on glass surfaces 29) Galvanized multi-component parts 30) Carpet processing, e. g. deep-drawing, etc. 31) Flocking 32) Stainless steel surface processing
Pos. 51 Paint residues
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Not the entire surface was removed by laser treatment.
Process allocation: 17
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: not permissible
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 52
Burns
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Thermal change of the plastic substrate (color change).
Process allocation: 5, 17
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 53
Orientation defects
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Incorrect orientation of fiber direction; different running direction
Process allocation: 18
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 54
Mold separation edges
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Form offset due to tool separation, line formation due to tool separation
Process allocation: 18
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
No image available
No image available
No image available
16 Decorative surfaces of add-on and functional parts in the exterior and interior areas of automobiles
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Appendix to VDA Volume 16 3
rd revised edition 2016
*) Process allocation: Page 20 of 33
1) Anodizing 2) Powder coating (EPS) 3) Liquid painting 4) Extruding 5) Injection molding 6) Galvanizing 7) Plasma processes (vapor-depositing, sputtering,
CVD, PVD) 8) Forming 9) Polishing 10) Assembly/packaging/handling 11) Primary material
12) Plastics processing 13) Processed wooden surfaces 14) Application processes (bonding of foil inserts,
embossing of decorative films) 15) Metal die-casting 16) Mechanical processing (e. g.
grinding/polishing/deburring/drilling/milling/joining, etc.)
17) Laser marking 18) Fiber composite technology (CFK) 19) Leather material characteristics 20) Leather cladding process 21) Inmolded color / colored injection molding
22) Printed surfaces 23) Ceran coating of anodized aluminum 24) Caulking (cold) / welding (hot) 25) Weaving / textile 26) SMC, partly in connection with IMC (for trucks) 27) Hand laminate (for trucks) 28) Silk screening on glass surfaces 29) Galvanized multi-component parts 30) Carpet processing, e. g. deep-drawing, etc. 31) Flocking 32) Stainless steel surface processing
Pos. 55 Fabric irregularities
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Fiber imprints in the fabric, fiber cracks in the fabric
Process allocation: 18
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 56
Fabric warping/distortion
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Warping due to geometry
Process allocation: 18
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 57
Resin edges
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 18
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 58
Black points
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 18
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
No image available
No image available
16 Decorative surfaces of add-on and functional parts in the exterior and interior areas of automobiles
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Appendix to VDA Volume 16 3
rd revised edition 2016
*) Process allocation: Page 21 of 33
1) Anodizing 2) Powder coating (EPS) 3) Liquid painting 4) Extruding 5) Injection molding 6) Galvanizing 7) Plasma processes (vapor-depositing, sputtering,
CVD, PVD) 8) Forming 9) Polishing 10) Assembly/packaging/handling 11) Primary material
12) Plastics processing 13) Processed wooden surfaces 14) Application processes (bonding of foil inserts,
embossing of decorative films) 15) Metal die-casting 16) Mechanical processing (e. g.
grinding/polishing/deburring/drilling/milling/joining, etc.)
17) Laser marking 18) Fiber composite technology (CFK) 19) Leather material characteristics 20) Leather cladding process 21) Inmolded color / colored injection molding
22) Printed surfaces 23) Ceran coating of anodized aluminum 24) Caulking (cold) / welding (hot) 25) Weaving / textile 26) SMC, partly in connection with IMC (for trucks) 27) Hand laminate (for trucks) 28) Silk screening on glass surfaces 29) Galvanized multi-component parts 30) Carpet processing, e. g. deep-drawing, etc. 31) Flocking 32) Stainless steel surface processing
Pos. 59 Fabric discoloration
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Fabric color variance
Process allocation: 18
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 60
White spots
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 18
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 61
Lack of resin
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 18
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 62
Resin surplus
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 18
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
No image available
No image available
No image available
16 Decorative surfaces of add-on and functional parts in the exterior and interior areas of automobiles
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Appendix to VDA Volume 16 3
rd revised edition 2016
*) Process allocation: Page 22 of 33
1) Anodizing 2) Powder coating (EPS) 3) Liquid painting 4) Extruding 5) Injection molding 6) Galvanizing 7) Plasma processes (vapor-depositing, sputtering,
CVD, PVD) 8) Forming 9) Polishing 10) Assembly/packaging/handling 11) Primary material
12) Plastics processing 13) Processed wooden surfaces 14) Application processes (bonding of foil inserts,
embossing of decorative films) 15) Metal die-casting 16) Mechanical processing (e. g.
grinding/polishing/deburring/drilling/milling/joining, etc.)
17) Laser marking 18) Fiber composite technology (CFK) 19) Leather material characteristics 20) Leather cladding process 21) Inmolded color / colored injection molding
22) Printed surfaces 23) Ceran coating of anodized aluminum 24) Caulking (cold) / welding (hot) 25) Weaving / textile 26) SMC, partly in connection with IMC (for trucks) 27) Hand laminate (for trucks) 28) Silk screening on glass surfaces 29) Galvanized multi-component parts 30) Carpet processing, e. g. deep-drawing, etc. 31) Flocking 32) Stainless steel surface processing
Pos. 63 Fiber splitting
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 18
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 64
Fabric overlapping
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 18
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 65
Missing fabric
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 18
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 66
Fraying in fabric
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 18
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
No image available
No image available
No image available
No image available
16 Decorative surfaces of add-on and functional parts in the exterior and interior areas of automobiles
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Appendix to VDA Volume 16 3
rd revised edition 2016
*) Process allocation: Page 23 of 33
1) Anodizing 2) Powder coating (EPS) 3) Liquid painting 4) Extruding 5) Injection molding 6) Galvanizing 7) Plasma processes (vapor-depositing, sputtering,
CVD, PVD) 8) Forming 9) Polishing 10) Assembly/packaging/handling 11) Primary material
12) Plastics processing 13) Processed wooden surfaces 14) Application processes (bonding of foil inserts,
embossing of decorative films) 15) Metal die-casting 16) Mechanical processing (e. g.
grinding/polishing/deburring/drilling/milling/joining, etc.)
17) Laser marking 18) Fiber composite technology (CFK) 19) Leather material characteristics 20) Leather cladding process 21) Inmolded color / colored injection molding
22) Printed surfaces 23) Ceran coating of anodized aluminum 24) Caulking (cold) / welding (hot) 25) Weaving / textile 26) SMC, partly in connection with IMC (for trucks) 27) Hand laminate (for trucks) 28) Silk screening on glass surfaces 29) Galvanized multi-component parts 30) Carpet processing, e. g. deep-drawing, etc. 31) Flocking 32) Stainless steel surface processing
Pos. 67 Tool impression
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 18
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 68
Resin flaking
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 18
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 69
Structure
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 19
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 70
Scars grown together
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 19
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
No image available
No image available
No image available
16 Decorative surfaces of add-on and functional parts in the exterior and interior areas of automobiles
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Appendix to VDA Volume 16 3
rd revised edition 2016
*) Process allocation: Page 24 of 33
1) Anodizing 2) Powder coating (EPS) 3) Liquid painting 4) Extruding 5) Injection molding 6) Galvanizing 7) Plasma processes (vapor-depositing, sputtering,
CVD, PVD) 8) Forming 9) Polishing 10) Assembly/packaging/handling 11) Primary material
12) Plastics processing 13) Processed wooden surfaces 14) Application processes (bonding of foil inserts,
embossing of decorative films) 15) Metal die-casting 16) Mechanical processing (e. g.
grinding/polishing/deburring/drilling/milling/joining, etc.)
17) Laser marking 18) Fiber composite technology (CFK) 19) Leather material characteristics 20) Leather cladding process 21) Inmolded color / colored injection molding
22) Printed surfaces 23) Ceran coating of anodized aluminum 24) Caulking (cold) / welding (hot) 25) Weaving / textile 26) SMC, partly in connection with IMC (for trucks) 27) Hand laminate (for trucks) 28) Silk screening on glass surfaces 29) Galvanized multi-component parts 30) Carpet processing, e. g. deep-drawing, etc. 31) Flocking 32) Stainless steel surface processing
Pos. 71 Warts
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 19
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 72
Hair pores
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 19
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 73
Insect stings
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 19
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 74
Open pores
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Irregularity in the animal hide, visible by naked eye
Process allocation: 11
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
16 Decorative surfaces of add-on and functional parts in the exterior and interior areas of automobiles
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Appendix to VDA Volume 16 3
rd revised edition 2016
*) Process allocation: Page 25 of 33
1) Anodizing 2) Powder coating (EPS) 3) Liquid painting 4) Extruding 5) Injection molding 6) Galvanizing 7) Plasma processes (vapor-depositing, sputtering,
CVD, PVD) 8) Forming 9) Polishing 10) Assembly/packaging/handling 11) Primary material
12) Plastics processing 13) Processed wooden surfaces 14) Application processes (bonding of foil inserts,
embossing of decorative films) 15) Metal die-casting 16) Mechanical processing (e. g.
grinding/polishing/deburring/drilling/milling/joining, etc.)
17) Laser marking 18) Fiber composite technology (CFK) 19) Leather material characteristics 20) Leather cladding process 21) Inmolded color / colored injection molding
22) Printed surfaces 23) Ceran coating of anodized aluminum 24) Caulking (cold) / welding (hot) 25) Weaving / textile 26) SMC, partly in connection with IMC (for trucks) 27) Hand laminate (for trucks) 28) Silk screening on glass surfaces 29) Galvanized multi-component parts 30) Carpet processing, e. g. deep-drawing, etc. 31) Flocking 32) Stainless steel surface processing
Pos. 75 Rough spots
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Irregularity in the animal hide, visible by naked eye
Process allocation: 11
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 76
Neck striae
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Skin folds, visible by naked eye
Process allocation: 11
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 77
Fat wrinkles
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Skin folds, visible by naked eye
Process allocation: 11
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 78
Veininess
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Vein markings, visible by naked eye
Process allocation: 11
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
No image available
16 Decorative surfaces of add-on and functional parts in the exterior and interior areas of automobiles
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Appendix to VDA Volume 16 3
rd revised edition 2016
*) Process allocation: Page 26 of 33
1) Anodizing 2) Powder coating (EPS) 3) Liquid painting 4) Extruding 5) Injection molding 6) Galvanizing 7) Plasma processes (vapor-depositing, sputtering,
CVD, PVD) 8) Forming 9) Polishing 10) Assembly/packaging/handling 11) Primary material
12) Plastics processing 13) Processed wooden surfaces 14) Application processes (bonding of foil inserts,
embossing of decorative films) 15) Metal die-casting 16) Mechanical processing (e. g.
grinding/polishing/deburring/drilling/milling/joining, etc.)
17) Laser marking 18) Fiber composite technology (CFK) 19) Leather material characteristics 20) Leather cladding process 21) Inmolded color / colored injection molding
22) Printed surfaces 23) Ceran coating of anodized aluminum 24) Caulking (cold) / welding (hot) 25) Weaving / textile 26) SMC, partly in connection with IMC (for trucks) 27) Hand laminate (for trucks) 28) Silk screening on glass surfaces 29) Galvanized multi-component parts 30) Carpet processing, e. g. deep-drawing, etc. 31) Flocking 32) Stainless steel surface processing
Pos. 79 Flank
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Irregularity in the animal hide, visible by naked eye, giving evidence of the particularly soft and loose “flank” section of the hide.
Process allocation: 11
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 80
Loose leather
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Missing glue under the leather
Process allocation: 20
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 81
Pressure spots
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 20
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 82
Foreign objects
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 20
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
16 Decorative surfaces of add-on and functional parts in the exterior and interior areas of automobiles
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Appendix to VDA Volume 16 3
rd revised edition 2016
*) Process allocation: Page 27 of 33
1) Anodizing 2) Powder coating (EPS) 3) Liquid painting 4) Extruding 5) Injection molding 6) Galvanizing 7) Plasma processes (vapor-depositing, sputtering,
CVD, PVD) 8) Forming 9) Polishing 10) Assembly/packaging/handling 11) Primary material
12) Plastics processing 13) Processed wooden surfaces 14) Application processes (bonding of foil inserts,
embossing of decorative films) 15) Metal die-casting 16) Mechanical processing (e. g.
grinding/polishing/deburring/drilling/milling/joining, etc.)
17) Laser marking 18) Fiber composite technology (CFK) 19) Leather material characteristics 20) Leather cladding process 21) Inmolded color / colored injection molding
22) Printed surfaces 23) Ceran coating of anodized aluminum 24) Caulking (cold) / welding (hot) 25) Weaving / textile 26) SMC, partly in connection with IMC (for trucks) 27) Hand laminate (for trucks) 28) Silk screening on glass surfaces 29) Galvanized multi-component parts 30) Carpet processing, e. g. deep-drawing, etc. 31) Flocking 32) Stainless steel surface processing
Pos. 83 Stains
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 20
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 84
Glue residues
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 20
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 85
Leather damaged
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 20
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 86
Leather folds
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 20
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
16 Decorative surfaces of add-on and functional parts in the exterior and interior areas of automobiles
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Appendix to VDA Volume 16 3
rd revised edition 2016
*) Process allocation: Page 28 of 33
1) Anodizing 2) Powder coating (EPS) 3) Liquid painting 4) Extruding 5) Injection molding 6) Galvanizing 7) Plasma processes (vapor-depositing, sputtering,
CVD, PVD) 8) Forming 9) Polishing 10) Assembly/packaging/handling 11) Primary material
12) Plastics processing 13) Processed wooden surfaces 14) Application processes (bonding of foil inserts,
embossing of decorative films) 15) Metal die-casting 16) Mechanical processing (e. g.
grinding/polishing/deburring/drilling/milling/joining, etc.)
17) Laser marking 18) Fiber composite technology (CFK) 19) Leather material characteristics 20) Leather cladding process 21) Inmolded color / colored injection molding
22) Printed surfaces 23) Ceran coating of anodized aluminum 24) Caulking (cold) / welding (hot) 25) Weaving / textile 26) SMC, partly in connection with IMC (for trucks) 27) Hand laminate (for trucks) 28) Silk screening on glass surfaces 29) Galvanized multi-component parts 30) Carpet processing, e. g. deep-drawing, etc. 31) Flocking 32) Stainless steel surface processing
Pos. 87 Leather too short
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Leather not covering the carrier substrate
Process allocation: 20
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 88
Leather too long
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Leather protruding over the carrier substrate
Process allocation: 20
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 89
Transition panel-to-leather
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Gap or bulge formation
Process allocation: 20
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 90
Fiber inclusions
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Lint, fluff
Process allocation: 18.2
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
No image available
No image available
16 Decorative surfaces of add-on and functional parts in the exterior and interior areas of automobiles
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Appendix to VDA Volume 16 3
rd revised edition 2016
*) Process allocation: Page 29 of 33
1) Anodizing 2) Powder coating (EPS) 3) Liquid painting 4) Extruding 5) Injection molding 6) Galvanizing 7) Plasma processes (vapor-depositing, sputtering,
CVD, PVD) 8) Forming 9) Polishing 10) Assembly/packaging/handling 11) Primary material
12) Plastics processing 13) Processed wooden surfaces 14) Application processes (bonding of foil inserts,
embossing of decorative films) 15) Metal die-casting 16) Mechanical processing (e. g.
grinding/polishing/deburring/drilling/milling/joining, etc.)
17) Laser marking 18) Fiber composite technology (CFK) 19) Leather material characteristics 20) Leather cladding process 21) Inmolded color / colored injection molding
22) Printed surfaces 23) Ceran coating of anodized aluminum 24) Caulking (cold) / welding (hot) 25) Weaving / textile 26) SMC, partly in connection with IMC (for trucks) 27) Hand laminate (for trucks) 28) Silk screening on glass surfaces 29) Galvanized multi-component parts 30) Carpet processing, e. g. deep-drawing, etc. 31) Flocking 32) Stainless steel surface processing
Pos. 91 Fiber weave warping
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 18.2
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 92
Weaving depression
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 18.2
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 93
Uneven surface
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 18.2
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 94
Weaving lines
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Fiber displacement
Process allocation: 18.2
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
No image available
No image available
No image available
No image available
16 Decorative surfaces of add-on and functional parts in the exterior and interior areas of automobiles
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Appendix to VDA Volume 16 3
rd revised edition 2016
*) Process allocation: Page 30 of 33
1) Anodizing 2) Powder coating (EPS) 3) Liquid painting 4) Extruding 5) Injection molding 6) Galvanizing 7) Plasma processes (vapor-depositing, sputtering,
CVD, PVD) 8) Forming 9) Polishing 10) Assembly/packaging/handling 11) Primary material
12) Plastics processing 13) Processed wooden surfaces 14) Application processes (bonding of foil inserts,
embossing of decorative films) 15) Metal die-casting 16) Mechanical processing (e. g.
grinding/polishing/deburring/drilling/milling/joining, etc.)
17) Laser marking 18) Fiber composite technology (CFK) 19) Leather material characteristics 20) Leather cladding process 21) Inmolded color / colored injection molding
22) Printed surfaces 23) Ceran coating of anodized aluminum 24) Caulking (cold) / welding (hot) 25) Weaving / textile 26) SMC, partly in connection with IMC (for trucks) 27) Hand laminate (for trucks) 28) Silk screening on glass surfaces 29) Galvanized multi-component parts 30) Carpet processing, e. g. deep-drawing, etc. 31) Flocking 32) Stainless steel surface processing
Pos. 95 Weaving offset
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 18.2
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 96
Dark fibers
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 18.2
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 97
Fiber openings
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 18.2
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 98
Incision
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 18.2
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
No image available
No image available
No image available
No image available
16 Decorative surfaces of add-on and functional parts in the exterior and interior areas of automobiles
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Appendix to VDA Volume 16 3
rd revised edition 2016
*) Process allocation: Page 31 of 33
1) Anodizing 2) Powder coating (EPS) 3) Liquid painting 4) Extruding 5) Injection molding 6) Galvanizing 7) Plasma processes (vapor-depositing, sputtering,
CVD, PVD) 8) Forming 9) Polishing 10) Assembly/packaging/handling 11) Primary material
12) Plastics processing 13) Processed wooden surfaces 14) Application processes (bonding of foil inserts,
embossing of decorative films) 15) Metal die-casting 16) Mechanical processing (e. g.
grinding/polishing/deburring/drilling/milling/joining, etc.)
17) Laser marking 18) Fiber composite technology (CFK) 19) Leather material characteristics 20) Leather cladding process 21) Inmolded color / colored injection molding
22) Printed surfaces 23) Ceran coating of anodized aluminum 24) Caulking (cold) / welding (hot) 25) Weaving / textile 26) SMC, partly in connection with IMC (for trucks) 27) Hand laminate (for trucks) 28) Silk screening on glass surfaces 29) Galvanized multi-component parts 30) Carpet processing, e. g. deep-drawing, etc. 31) Flocking 32) Stainless steel surface processing
Pos. 99 Gap
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 18.2
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 100
Shadows (ghost marks)
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 18.2
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 101
Seam line
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 18.2
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 102
Soiling in the surface
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Of same color / contrasting color
Process allocation: 18.2
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
No image available
No image available
No image available
No image available
16 Decorative surfaces of add-on and functional parts in the exterior and interior areas of automobiles
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Appendix to VDA Volume 16 3
rd revised edition 2016
*) Process allocation: Page 32 of 33
1) Anodizing 2) Powder coating (EPS) 3) Liquid painting 4) Extruding 5) Injection molding 6) Galvanizing 7) Plasma processes (vapor-depositing, sputtering,
CVD, PVD) 8) Forming 9) Polishing 10) Assembly/packaging/handling 11) Primary material
12) Plastics processing 13) Processed wooden surfaces 14) Application processes (bonding of foil inserts,
embossing of decorative films) 15) Metal die-casting 16) Mechanical processing (e. g.
grinding/polishing/deburring/drilling/milling/joining, etc.)
17) Laser marking 18) Fiber composite technology (CFK) 19) Leather material characteristics 20) Leather cladding process 21) Inmolded color / colored injection molding
22) Printed surfaces 23) Ceran coating of anodized aluminum 24) Caulking (cold) / welding (hot) 25) Weaving / textile 26) SMC, partly in connection with IMC (for trucks) 27) Hand laminate (for trucks) 28) Silk screening on glass surfaces 29) Galvanized multi-component parts 30) Carpet processing, e. g. deep-drawing, etc. 31) Flocking 32) Stainless steel surface processing
Pos. 103 Grinding marks
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 18.2
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 104
Varnish runs
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition: Running paint
Process allocation: 18.2
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 105
Fissures (cracks/chipping)
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 18.2
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 106
Glossy spots
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 18.2
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
No image available
No image available
16 Decorative surfaces of add-on and functional parts in the exterior and interior areas of automobiles
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Appendix to VDA Volume 16 3
rd revised edition 2016
*) Process allocation: Page 33 of 33
1) Anodizing 2) Powder coating (EPS) 3) Liquid painting 4) Extruding 5) Injection molding 6) Galvanizing 7) Plasma processes (vapor-depositing, sputtering,
CVD, PVD) 8) Forming 9) Polishing 10) Assembly/packaging/handling 11) Primary material
12) Plastics processing 13) Processed wooden surfaces 14) Application processes (bonding of foil inserts,
embossing of decorative films) 15) Metal die-casting 16) Mechanical processing (e. g.
grinding/polishing/deburring/drilling/milling/joining, etc.)
17) Laser marking 18) Fiber composite technology (CFK) 19) Leather material characteristics 20) Leather cladding process 21) Inmolded color / colored injection molding
22) Printed surfaces 23) Ceran coating of anodized aluminum 24) Caulking (cold) / welding (hot) 25) Weaving / textile 26) SMC, partly in connection with IMC (for trucks) 27) Hand laminate (for trucks) 28) Silk screening on glass surfaces 29) Galvanized multi-component parts 30) Carpet processing, e. g. deep-drawing, etc. 31) Flocking 32) Stainless steel surface processing
Pos. 107 Pressure spots
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 18.2
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 108
Edge grinding defects
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 18.2
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 109
Delamination (of edges)
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 18.2
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
Pos. 110
Resin defects
Attribute definition / approach to defects
Definition:
Process allocation: 18.2
Examples for tolerable attribute levels
Zone A: according to MTP sample
Zone B: according to MTP sample
No image available
No image available
No image available
No image available