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Chapter 12 & 13
Leadership & Power – Part II
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Contemporary Leadership Theories
4. Charismatic Leadership
5. Transformational Leadership
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4. Charismatic Leadership
Charisma kəˈrɪzmə/ noun
Compelling attractiveness or charm that can
inspire devotion in others, "he has tremendouscharisma and stage presence”
Discussion:
Are Charismatic Leaders Born or Made?
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4. Charismatic Leadership
• Some individuals are born with charismatic traits
such as _______________, __________________,and ____________________.
Learn to be Charismatic by
• Maintaining an optimistic view
• Using passion as a catalyst for generating
enthusiasm
• Communicate with whole body , not just words
e.g. eye contact, enthusiastic expressions, gestures for
emphasis, draw others in by creating a bond to inspire
them to follow, bring out the potential in followers…
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The Dark Side of Charismatic Leadership
Many leaders have allowed their
___________________to override the goals ofthe organization.
Individuals who are narcissistic are also
higher in some behaviors associated withcharismatic leadership.
Some charismatic leaders are too successful atconvincing followers to pursue a vision that can
be disastrous.
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5. Transformational Leader
• htt s: www. outube.com watch?v=60O2OH7mH s
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5. Transformational LeadershipInspire followers to transcend (go beyond) their self-
interests for the good of the organization
How Transformational Leadership Works
Encourage ___________ – theirs and others (e.g.
look at old problems in new ways)
Increase follower _______________, giving thegroup a “can do” spirit.
Decentralization of responsibility Greater agreement among top managers about
the organization’s goals.
Propensity to take _________ (e.g. try new ways)
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Chapter 13
Power –
Part II
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What are the different Types/Bases of Power ?
What are the causes and Consequences ofPolitical Behaviors in organization?
What is Impression Management (IM)?
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By the end of this lecture, you
should be able to
1. Describe and compare and contrast Five
Bases of Power
2. Identify the Causes and Consequences of
Political Behaviors in organization
3. Apply Impression Management (IM)
Techniques
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Contrasting Leadership & Power
Leadership Power
Goal
Compatibility
Group goals
between
leaders andfollowers
No need to have
goals; Merely
_____________
Direction of
Influence
____________ Lateral/Upward/
Downward
Focus Leadership
styles
Tactics for
gaining
_____________
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What is Power?
Power is a capacity that A has to _______________ the behavior of B so that Bacts in accordance with A’s wishes.
Dependence: B’s relationship to A when Apossesses something that B requires.
“A person can have power over you only if he or
she controls something you desire.”
Examples: Parents, Boss, Boy/girl friends, Richrelatives
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Dependency: The Key To Power
The General Dependency postulates:
– The greater B’s dependency on A,
the greater the power A has over B.
–
Possession/control of scarce organizationalresources that others need makes amanager or employee powerful.
–
Access to optional resources (e.g., multiplesuppliers) reduces the resource holder’spower.
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Dependency: The Key To Power
What Creates Dependency ?
___________ of the resource to the
organization ____________ of the resource
____________________ of the resource
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Contrast the Five Bases of Power
Formal Power –1. Coercive Power
–2. Reward Power
–3. Legitimate Power
Personal Power
–4. Expert Power
–5. Referent Power
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Milgram’s Experiment
Group Discussion:What kind of Power does the Experimenter have
over the Participants?
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Background of Milgram’s Experiment
First conducted by Stanley Milgram at Yale
University in the 60s’, and repeated by otherresearchers.
Measure the willingness of study participants to
obey an ______________ figure to perform actsconflicting with their personal conscience.
1. Please continue.2. The experiment requires that you continue.
3. It is absolutely essential that you continue.
4. You have no other choice, you must go on.
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Milgram’s Experiment of Obedience
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y6GxIuljT3w&NR=1&feature=fvwp
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I. Formal Power
1. Coercive Power
A power that is dependent on
___________ of the negative
results from failing to comply
• Infliction of pain
• Controlling by force of basic physiological/safety needs
• Can you think of
organizational examples?
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I. Formal Power
2. Reward PowerCompliance achieved based on
the ability to distribute _______
that others view as valuable
• Opposite from Coercive Power
•
Financial Rewards: pay raise, bonus• Nonfinancial Rewards: recognition,
interesting work assignments, preferred work
shifts or sales locations.
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I. Formal Power
21
3. Legitimate PowerPower as a result of one’s
___________ in the formal
hierarchy of an organization
• Includes members’ acceptance of authority
of a position.• e.g. school principals, bank CEO, army
captains
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II. Personal Power
4. Expert Power
5. Referent power
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4. Expert Power
• Expert Power is the influence based on special
__________ or ______________
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5. Referent Power
• Referent Power is influence based onidentification with an individual’s desirable
resources or personal __________
• Charisma• Likeability
• How much you like, respect
and admire a person
• Example: celebrity &
marketing
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How does Power affect behaviors?
Negative:
Make self-interested decisions Power leads to overconfident decision making.
Those most likely to abuse power are those whoare _____ in status and gain power.
Positive: ______________ can stop self-serving behaviors
Dispositional __________ blocks the psychologicaleffects of Power.
– Simply expressing gratitude toward powerfulothers make them less likely to aggress againstpeople.
13-25
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Causes & Consequences of Politics
Political behavior – activities that are not requiredas part of one’s formal role in the organization,
but that influence the distribution of _______________ within the organization.
– Outside of one’s specified job requirements.
– Encompasses efforts to influence goals,
criteria, processes or decision making. – Includes such behaviors as withholding
information, whistle blowing, spreading
rumors, and leaking confidential information.
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Causes of Political Behaviors
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How do people react to Politics?
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Impression Management (IM)
Impression management (IM) – the process by
which individuals attempt to __________the
impression others form of them.
– Mostly high self-monitors (vs low self-monitors)
– Studies show the effectiveness of IM depends
on the ____________, such as job interviews
and performance evaluations.
Are Political behaviors ethical?
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Are Political behaviors ethical?Legitimate and Illegitimate Political
Behaviors in Organizations
• http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/legitimate-and-illegitimate-political-
behavior-in-organizations.html#lesson
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Is Political behaviors ethical?
The Ethics of Behaving Politically – Questions to consider:
• What is the ________ of engaging in
politicking?
• How does the utility of engaging in the
political behavior balance out any _______
(or potential harm) it will do to others?
• Does the political activity conform to
standards of _________and __________? 13-31
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Legitimate and Illegitimate Political
Behaviors in Organizations
“What one person might think is within the
rules, another might think it's outside the
rules.”
o Immoral people can __________ almost
any behavior
oRecognize the ability of power to CORRUPT